I'm reporting that my websites, five dedicated to the history of 1939, have been attacked three times from within my host managing the konstantynowicz.info domain. Someone is impersonating me and sending empty index.html files. The attacks occurred on February 22, 2026, at 7:59 p.m. (23 years ago - anniversary of my domain since 22 February 2003); I corrected them on February 23, 2026; another hacker attack occurred on March 1, 2026, at 1:43 p.m.; and the first attack was on October 26, 2025; so I corrected them for the first time by sending the full and correct files on February 17, 2026; I finally corrected them again on March 2, 2026, at 9:45 p.m.
Here you can read on Wiktor Konstantynowicz my great-grandfather acted in Kazan, Petrograd, Gdow, Narwa, Viljandi, Tallinn, together with the Balachowiczs in November 1917 and General Aleksandr Rodzianko in May 1918, and the subsequent activities of Soviet intelligence around my family in February 1945 until the murder of Wiktor's grandsons Edward Konstantynowicz on the night of November 2/3, 1987 and his brother Jan Konstantynowicz on November 30, 2003 by counterintelligence in Lodz, Poland, connected to Montig.-Miszczak of Legnica, P. Czarnecki, Sz. Burhard of Lodz and K. Konick. of Chelmza in 2010-2015. Bogdan Konstantynowicz, his life, activities, family and the fight against Jewish-marxist counter-intelligence in Poland founded by Jozef Stalin, the friend of Tarashvili in Russian Georgia, with action code the 'Czarniecki' in 1945-2026 which was managed by two Jewish spies, Lajb Wolf Ajzen in Sawin / Leon Andrzejewski / Leon Ajzef of the Chelm Lubelski county and his friend Izydor Kurtz / Kurc / Czaplicki of Lodz together with Colonel Adam Owsiany aka Adam Ostoja-Owsiany, Monika Sedzicka of Sporna 85, Krzysztof Tomczyk of Zurawia, Zbigniew Natkanski of Honoratow, and others ratters: L. Moczulski, And. Ostoja-Owsiany, M. Bogucka, Wodkiewicz of Leszno village, Wacl. Jaworski, Wlady. Chudzik, P. Sosnierz. Ajzef of Sawin and Kurtz of Lodz fought my grandfather Piotr Gol. ex-Kiedrzynski in Lodz and my Konstantynowicz family after 1945 in Lodz and Bydgoszcz. Ajzef / Ajzen and Kurtz / Kurc as well as their supporter the killer Izrael Ajzenman in Drzewica and Poznan that is the Jewish marxist underground with Jozef Rozanski / Jacek Rozanski / Jozef Goldberg, and with Roman Romkowski / Nasiek (Natan) Grinszpan-Kikiel / Natan Grunsapau-Kikiel / Grinszpan Menasze influenced by the Zionist movement and under the direction of Russian and Soviet military intelligence with a code 'Czarniecki' in Lodz-Zgierz-Glowno.
My grandfather Jerzy Konstantynowicz with nickname Marian Stankiewicz aka Marian Konstantynowicz b. 1897/1898 in Tallinn, was the son of Wiktor Konstantynowicz aka Wiktor Staroch Siedoch born on 20 October 1874 in Kazan; the grandson of General Wasyl Konstantynowicz of Kazan b. ca 1834/1840 and his wife Maria Trubecki / Duchess Mary Trubetskaya / Troubetzky born ca 1840 in Cracow/before 1853; the great-grandson of Dominik Konstantynowicz b. ca 1800, the landlord of Miezonka in 1842 and Oktawia Piottuch-Kublicka 1-voto Szumska; around my family in Lodz and Bydgoszcz acted in February 1945-2026 the marxist-Jewish Soviet counter-intelligence with code 'Czarniecki' and after 2002 the Foreign Intelligence Agency of Zgierz, Szczecin and Bydgoszcz with Tczew, Tomaszow Lubelski, Sawin and Lodz in 1944/2026, Leszno village close to Przasnysz in ca 1800 - 1950s - 2025; and Katowice, Wabrzezno, Chelmza, Chocen, Wloclawek, Lipno: it's the communist intelligence network of Ajzef, Kurtz, Romkowski, Rozanski, Ostoja-Owsiany and Bogucki-Jaworski. And in Bratoszewice, Bogate close to Krasne; Rezekne in Latvia, Ignalina in Lithuania, Zilina in Slovakia, Thessaloniki, Kobiele Wielkie, Zakrzow Wielki and Dmenin.
This webpage is on Bogdan Konstantynowicz, the author and the owner of this domain in California, and his fight against the Lodz counter-intelligence in 1980s. Dominik Konstantynowicz had two sons: Antoni Konstantynowicz, born ca. 1832, and Wasyl Konstantynowicz, born ca. 1834/1840. My genealogical branch of the Konstantynowicz family lived in the MSCISLAV province of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania on the border with Russia, ca 1660 - ca 1850. Dominik Konstantynowicz took Miezonka in 1842, and the estate belonged to my family till November 1918. Miezonka was situated close to Berazino / Berezyna and Lobushany / Lubuszany / Luboszany - the estates of Sapieha and Potocki / Krystyna Tyszkiewicz Potocka - the line to the Templars of Krzeszowice co-operated with General Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski, Wojciech Paszkowski and Maria Wilhelmina Paszkowska married Armand in Moscow. Antoni Konstantynowicz took over Miezonka after his father Dominik Konstantynowicz. Bogdan Konstantynowicz's genealogical line on the mother side came from Wola Wiazowa of the Pradzynskis (with my family of Helena Hutten-Czapska + Izydor Kiedrzynski of Bieganin and Jedlno) linked to the Kossak family intermarried Kisielnicki, to Witkacy (General Wejtko, Stefan Pradzynski), and it's connected to the Illuminati underground with Ilinski-Lasek and Tarnowski; together with Pawlikowski-Dzieduszycki-Kossak-Paszkowski-Armand-Konstantynowicz (General Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski, the friend of General Tadeusz Kosciuszko) genealogical complex network from the Berezyna parish to Wielichowo in the south-western Greater Poland and to Pakosc linked to Leon Czolgosz and Tadeusz Wolanski, the godson of general Tadeusz Kosciuszko. The Konstantynowicz family connected in 19-20th centuries Miezonka close to Berezyna, Lida, Viljandi, Tallinn-Nomme and Moscow.
And we have our Konstantynowicz branch in St Petersburg, noble family with connections to Breguet, Duflon, Apollon Konstantynowicz, Armand, Stebnicki, Kapitsa / Kapica, Wernadsky, Joffe, Bryling and Soviet nuclear research with mysterious connections to Scotland with the Rutherford family (Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson b. 1871) and Ceylon, where we have Azbelew, brother of the director of the 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Company of St Petersburg, but our second Azbelew is the head of a sea transport company from Ceylon to Japan.
Acc to US research Aleksander Konstantynowicz aka Konstantinov, Aleksandr Pavlovich, born on 9/21 November 1895 in St. Petersburg, died on 17 December 1945, Polish-Soviet inventor of radiophysics; his wife Ludmila Lebiediew aka Konstantinova Lebedeva Lyudmila Mikhailovna, nee Lebedeva, 1903-1992.
Above Aleksander Konstantynowicz, 1895-1937, a face similar like me (his ears), genus, graduated from the St. Petersburg Technological Institute, seismologist; "before his arrest, he was the head of a department at the Institute of Television, a consultant at the geological exploration institute and the Pulkovo Observatory, and an associate professor", arrested on 31 October 1936 on charges of terrorism as a participant in the counter-revolution organization, sentenced on May 25, 1937 to military service but shot in Leningrad the next day, rehabilitated in 1956;
his wife Ludmila Konstantynowicz aka Konstantinov, forced to change of surname, released of the Magadan camp in September 1945, served her sentence from September 1938; persecuted on May 25, 1937; in 1988 Soviet office wrote to her: "the impossibility to establish the burial place of Konstantinov A. P."; next letter dated March 21, 1989 to N. A. Konstantinova (N. Konstantynowicz, the daughter of named Aleksander Konstantynowicz) "that her father, Konstantinov A. P., accused of participating in the counterrevolution ... organization, sentenced to death ... dated May 25, 1937, shot on May 26, 1937" hasn't tomb.
Next persecuted person was Lebedeva E. D. - the mother of above Ludmila Konstantynowicz aka Konstantinov: exiled to cottage Ak-Bulak, the Chkalovsky region, without indicating the term, as the mother of the wife of Konstantinov A. P.; she was sent to the granddaughter Elena and Natalia, on the release dated in June 1945.
Above Elena lived in the Akbulaksky district of the Orenburg region, it was the exile of Lebedeva E. D. from September 1937 to April 1946 in Akbulak village together with granddaughters Elena Konstantinova / Elena Konstantynowicz and Natalia Konstantinova.
In 1996 above Konstantinova N. A. taken a letter "about the impossibility of her rehabilitation due to the fact that she was in exile not with her parents, but with her grandmother".
Mentioned Ludmila Konstantynowicz aka Konstantinova Lebedeva Lyudmila Mikhailovna, nee Lebedeva, 1903-1992, born in St. Petersburg, she studied at the Smolny Institute until 1917 like noble woman, she worked as an accountant at the Combine of Special Works under the People's Commissariat for Internal Trade, arrested in Leningrad on 09/01/1937 in connection with the arrest of her husband, sentenced on September 23, 1937 as a 'member of the family of a traitor to the motherland' to 8 years in the camp. She was imprisoned in Siblag, then in Magadan, in the Tomsk camp; released in September 1945 and she remained to work as a civilian in Magadan, but since 1947 she lived in Novocherkassk.
Mentioned Aleksandr Konstantinovich aka Alexander Pavlovich Konstantinov = Aleksander Konstantynowicz, 1895-1945, repressioned, was posthumously rehabilitated.
His brother Boris Pavlovich Konstantinovich vel Konstantinov was born in St. Petersburg in 1910, acc. to his autobiography, written an excellent literary language. In 1924 Konstantinov moved to Leningrad, because at the State Physical - Technical Institute of the X-ray worked his older brother, Aleksander Konstantynowicz aka Alexander P. Konstantinov.
Boris Konstantinov / Borys Konstantinovich: Konstantinov Boris Pavlovich or Konstantinovich Boris P. born on 23 June / 6 July 1910 in St. Petersburg and died July 1969. In 1927-1935 and since 1940 has worked in the Physical - Technical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1957-1967 the director, in 1937-40 at the Research Institute of the music industry (like his brother!).
Aleksander Konstantynowicz born in 1895, and Boris Konstantynowicz b. in 1910 in St Petersburg, both noble brothers, the sons of Pawel Konstantynowicz / Pavel Konstantinovich born 1874. Named father Paul Fedoseevich Konstantinov / or Pavel Konstantinovich b. 1874, in 1888 went to St. Petersburg, the mother - Agrypina Smirnow / Agrippina Petrovna Konstantinov b. 1876 nee Smirnov, gave birth to eight sons and four daughters; Boris in 1916 was sent to a private elementary school.
Above Fieodosij Konstantynowicz = Teodozjusz Konstantynowicz b. ca 1840
[Fedoseyev or Fedoseev is a Russian transformation from Teodozy / Teodozjusz by Polish language, and means 'given by God' = BOGDAN = Fieodosij].
Teodozjusz Konstantynowicz b. ca 1840, the brother to Wasyl Konstantynowicz b. ca 1834/1840, General, of Kazan and Miezonka; and of Antoni Konstantynowicz, oldest brother in Miezonka, and they were the sons of Dominik Konstantynowicz + Oktawia Piottuch-Kublicka 1-voto Szumska.
Oktawia Piottuch-Kublicka b. ca 1810, married 1st to Jozef Szumski b. ca 1780 / 1800
[maybe the brother of IGNACY SZUMSKI / Ignatius Shumsky b. ca 1800, of Chobienice],
and she was married second to Dominik Konstantynowicz of MIEZONKA [in 1842/November 1918 Miezonka was the property of the Konstantynowiczs - the branch of Viljandi, Kazan and Moscow - here Apolon Konstantynowicz m. Anna ARMAND].
KAROLINA Piottuch-Kublicka:
the mother of Emilija Augusta Justina Kublicka;
Adolf Kublicki;
Walentyna Kublicka;
Anna Benislawska and
OKTAWIA Piottuch Kublicka, the daughter of JOZEF Kublicki and Karolina Piottuch-Kublicka. Oktawia was the wife of JOZEF SZUMSKI [with the son Wilhelm Szumski] and DOMINIK Konstantynowicz [sometimes as Vincentas Konstantinovicius] of MIEZONKA.
Oktawia Piottuch-Kublicka b. ca 1810, married 1st to Jozef Szumski b. ca 1780 / 1800 [maybe the brother of IGNACY SZUMSKI / Ignatius Shumsky b. ca 1800, of Chobienice],
and she was married second to Dominik Konstantynowicz of MIEZONKA [in 1842/November 1918 Miezonka was the property of the Konstantynowiczs - the branch of Viljandi, Kazan and Moscow - here Apolon Konstantynowicz m. Anna ARMAND].
Above named Konstantinov, Boris Pavlovich or Borys Konstantinovich / Borys Konstantynowicz, the son of Pawel Konstantynowicz, and Borys b. 1910 in St. Petersburg. Soviet physicist and Vice - President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Father Paul Fedoseevich Konstantinov / or Pavel Konstantinovich b. 1874, 1888 went to St. Petersburg, mother - Agrippina Petrovna Konstantinov b. 1876 nee Smirnov. Boris in 1916 was sent to a private elementary school, where he studied until the end of 1917. In early 1918 the family moved to the home of parents in the village. In 1919 his father died. In the winter 1920 - 1921 he lived and studied in St. Petersburg. Autumn of 1924 the family moved to Leningrad.
At this time, at the Physico-Technical Institute worked older brother of Boris - Alexander Pavlovich Konstantinov (1895 - 1945, repressioned, was posthumously rehabilitated) ie Aleksander Konstantynowicz, who became one of the largest radio technicians, radiophysicist and create a variety of radio-electronic equipment (with Bonch - Bruevich - see the Zbyszyn estate) and contributed to the development of television - suggested a way to narrow band television signals, has developed a mosaic photocathodes for the television camera tubes of the 1930s television transmission. He was a member of the laboratory of L. S. Theremin: an alarm systems of banks and museums. A. Konstantinov was an electrician in this protective system - 1909.
Alexander Pavlovich Konstantinov / Aleksander Konstantinovich in 1924 he created the radio-electronic equipment to determine the difference in longitude of Greenwich and Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory, in 1928 to 1930 with his brother has developed radio - protective signaling processes of government vaults. They invented electric seismographs have been used successfully for mineral exploration.
Aleksander Konstantynowicz studied at the Physics and Mechanics of the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute 1926 - 1929 and was expelled from this Polytechnic after fourth years for the non-proletarian origin, but was able to continue working in science through the application of Ioffe. He worked as a laboratory assistant, senior laboratory assistant at the Physical - Technical Institute, 1935 - 1937 in the department of electro - acoustics of the Leningrad Institute, (in 1937 Konstantinov Aleksandr Pavlovich was wrongly arrested and died in the dungeons of the NKVD)
but 1937 - 1940 he headed a laboratory of the Research Institute of the music industry and acoustics for the needs of defense - but we need check this data.
Aleksander's brother Boris Pavlovich Konstantinovich aka Konstantinov was born in St. Petersburg in 1910. In 1924 Konstantinov moved to Leningrad, because at the State Physical - Technical Institute of the X-ray worked his older brother, Alexander P. Konstantinov. Since 1927 he started working at the laboratory of D. A. Rozhanski as a physicist and was student of Physics and Mechanics Faculty of the Polytechnic Institute.
Boris Konstantinov / Borys Konstantinovich/ Konstantinov Boris Pavlovich or Konstantinovich B. P. born on 23 June / 6 July 1910 in St. Petersburg and died July 1969. In 1927-35 and since 1940 has worked in the Physical - Technical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1957-67 director, in 1937-40 at the Research Institute of the music industry (like his brother?!). "In the 90's of last century, was opened part of the work on the nuclear problem, and as a result over the past half ten years, there are many books and publications devoted to the development of research on the nuclear problem in the USSR and Russia... There was a series of films about the secret physicists ... I. V. Kurchatov, Y. B. Chariton, Ya. Zel'dovich, A. D. Sakharov, I. E. Tamm, V. L. Ginzburg and others
in the work on the atomic problem, but the role of B. P. Konstantinov reflected very sparingly. This is despite the fact that over the carried out his work, he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, was elected to the Academy and became director Physico - Technical Institute, vice - president of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, it is named after him the Institute of Nuclear Physics Gatchina and the largest chemical plant in Kirov...".
"...B. P. Konstantinov is one of the founders of the school of nuclear physicists. In 1945, the Physics and Mechanics Department opened the country's first training in the Department of Nuclear Physics (Department of Technical Physics). The first head of the department was A. F. Ioffe, but after 2 years it was headed by B. P. Konstantinov, who since 1945 has combined his academic work at PTI with teaching at the LPI...".
"The Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI) is one of four nuclear physics centers within the National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute' / NRC 'Kurchatov Institute'.
PNPI bears the name of Academician B. P. Konstantinov ... Director of the Ioffe Physical Technical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, vice president of the Academy of Sciences...".
At the beginning in accordance with the Decision of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR in 1942 which was composed of the Commissariat of Communications was formed Military restorative management for all military telephones and telegraphs and broadcasting units, radio and postal enterprises on the territory liberated from the German. B. P. Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz Borys / Konstantinov was working for this management (at the Petersburg Nuclear Institut as Head of Laboratory 1943 - 1957, for the Federal Agency for Special Construction / Spetsstroy Russia). 1951 established the Office building number 565 as a part of Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR - successor of the General Directorate of Special Construction. In 1953 in Leningrad was organized management for the construction of the air defense system. "Federal Agency for Special Construction (Spetsstroy Russia) - the federal executive body for the promotion of national defense and security organization works in the field of special construction, road building and communication engineering by military units and road-building military units of the Federal Agency for Special Construction".
The Physico - Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, one of the largest research institutes in Russia, founded by Abram Fedorovich Ioffe in September 29, 1918. Located in St. Petersburg. Director of the Radium Institute was V. I. Vernadskij, his deputy - V. G. Hlopin. Director of the Institute in 1957 - 1967 was Borys Konstantynowicz aka Konstantinov B. P. acc. to Russian sources,
but a US research show name Borys Konstantynowicz / Konstantinovich B. P. - acc. to: Research Database, Bibliographies and Essays, Resources, HSS Publications, Committee on Education.
"An interesting attempt to compare Soviet and Western research in high-energy physics is John Irvine and Ben R. Martin, 'Basic Research in the East and West: A Comparison of the Scientific Performance of High-Energy Physics Accelerators,' Social Studies of Science, 1985, 5(2): 293-341". History of Science Society: 440 Geddes Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA, 574.631.1194, 574.631.1533.
After Borys Konstantynowicz in 1967-1987 was Tuczkiewicz / Tuchkevich.
Sergei Pietrovich Kapitsa, b. February 14, 1928 in Cambridge, Soviet and Russian physicist, the son of the Nobel Prize Kapitza / P. L. Kapica, the grandson of A. N. Krylov, the Russian mathematician and shipbuilder, and the great-nephew of the famous French biochemist Henry Victor / Victor Henri, Krylov - on his mother side, Anna Alekseevna.
The great-grandson of a geographer I. I. Stebnicki that is Ierome Stebnicki / Hieronim Stebnicki, the elder brother of A. P. Kapitsa.
The father - Peter Leonidovich Kapitsa - the famous physicist and Nobel Prize winner, mother - Anna A. Krylov, the daughter of Alexei Krylov, Russian ship builder, an expert in the field of mechanics, mathematics.
Above named Krylov, Alexey Nikolayevich = Alexei Krylov b. in August 1863, 1878 he entered the Naval Academy, he graduated with honors in 1884, worked in the Hydrographic Office of P. Kolong, study of the magnetic deviation, in 1887 Krylov moved to (since 1892 the Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company in St Petersburg; before 1892 Duflon acted in the Breguet Company in Petersburg owned by the Brown family from London) the Franco - Russian plant, and then continued his studies at the shipbuilding department of the Nicholas Naval Academy. 1890 he remained at the Academy.
According to the memoirs of Krylov, since 1887, his specialty was ship-building, the application of mathematics to various issues of maritime affairs and expanded the theory of William Froude, 1896 he was elected a member of the British Society of Naval Architects, proposed the gyroscopic damping roll. His daughter Anna, became the wife of Kapitza. Since 1900, Krylov cooperates with Stepan Osipovich Makarov, Admiral and scientist and shipbuilder.
Acc. to an Academician A. N. Krylov / Kriloff, 'My memories' on Stepan Karlovic Drzewiecki:
Stefan Drzewiecki - he was a talented engineer and inventor, with whom Krylov was friendly to April 1938. He knew Drzewiecki in November 1878, at age 15, being at the Naval College (Admiral Gregory I. Butakov died in the summer of 1882, as a teacher of the fleet, with an architect I. G. Bubnov and Captain 2nd rank M. N. Beklemishev, cooperated on the project of submarine 'Dolphi').
Krylov met Drzewiecki many times in the technical society. In January 1886 was organized the first Electrical Exhibition. At this exhibition participated main hydrographic office, with the last sample of a compass 'de Kolong' and also participated a Parisian firm 'Breguet', with two instruments invented by the French Navy admiral Fournier: among others dromoskop. I. A. Shestakov and Main Hydrographic office was instructed to investigate these devices (I. P. de Kolong, Lieutenant N. M. Yakovlev and Krylov who met Drzewiecki). This work was later published in 'Sea collection'.
Krylov soon teamed up with the Petersburg department of the company 'Breguet', on dromoskop. Krylov then met with the engineer Dyuflon, a representative of 'Breguet', Swiss, friend of Drzewiecki - all linked to Apollon Konstantynowicz.
Drzewiecki occupied a luxury apartment of the house No 6 Admiralty Street. In the evenings, guests of Drzewiecki were brothers
Paul and Peter Solomonovich Martynov,
Dyuflon and
botanist Professor Poirot,
K. E. Makovsky and
the Serbian Prince Karageorgievich,
who formerly served in the French Foreign Legion, mainly for scientific or technical topics, flying airplanes on a theory of Drzewiecki (in April 1884 he published it and the chief inspector Rear Admiral Loschinsky invited Krylov to resolve this issue).
Drzewiecki acc. to his friend from Moscow, Goujon (remembering on the later system of J. Roy / Rey) and Dyuflon / Duflon, was noble, of an ancient clan of Poles, who owned large estates in the Volyn province, land in Odessa, orchard houses in Warsaw, etc. Drzewiecki had an extensive knowledge of the St. Petersburg nobility.
His parents were living in Paris, where he was educated at home, at the Lycee St. Barbe, and the Central Engineering College. Among his companions was Eifel (aerodynamic research).
In 1873, Drzewiecki was at Vienna World Exhibition. When Drzewiecki moved to St. Petersburg, he turned to the famous Brouwer, at the Pulkovo Observatory and to the War Minister P. S. Rakovsky (construction of 50 boats, with the payment of 100.000 rubles for Drzewiecki). Drzewiecki, received one hundred thousand, and went to Italy.
In Summer 1886 Drzewiecki went to Turkestan, to General Annenkov (the Trans-Caspian railway from Krasnovodsk to Samarkand with a huge bridge across the Amu Darya in Chardzhui). The following summer, he went to Egypt, to Aswan. 1887 he calls Krylov to show a sketch of a submarine and gone to Grand Duke General Admiral Alexei Alexandrovich with this project to develop a submarine. In 1888 Krylov was enrolled at the Shipbuilding Division of the Naval Academy, graduated it in 1890. At this time, Drzewiecki went to Paris. In 1892 met with Krylov, on the development of the submarine, and together come to Paris. The Marine Technical Committee (boat steam engines, internal combustion engines, and then diesels) cooperated with Drzewiecki because he had an extensive knowledge of French naval engineers and brought Krylov into this world. In 1897 Drzewiecki invented a special type of destroyer for the Naval Ministry, and again asked Krylov to work with him in Paris. The project was adopted by the Technical Committee. In 1892 was the Dreyfus affair and Drzewiecki was not at home, back to St. Petersburg. Around 1905 Drzewiecki developed an original theory of propellers. In 1909 to 1914 every time Krylov visited Drzewiecki in Paris, last time met with him 1925 to 1927, when Krylov was abroad for 'Neftesindikat' and 'Soviet oil'. Drzewiecki died in April 1938.
Above Jerome Stebnicki / Hieronim Stebnicki born on 12 December 1832 in the province of Volyn, Polish engineer, cartographer and infantry general of the Russian Empire. He graduated in 1852, serve in the General Staff, since 1860 worked at the Caucasus and the Caspian region, left a description of triangulation Caucasus mountains, 1866 the head of the Military Division on the topographic of General Staff of the Russian Empire, 1867 head of the Caucasus Department, grandfather of Peter Kapitza. He made the first detailed maps of the Caucasus, after Joseph Chodzko, acc. to wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieronim_Stebnicki.
Acc. to: wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioffe_Institute we read
"...Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (for short, Ioffe Institute) is one of Russia's largest research centers specialized in physics...".
This Wikipedia page intentionally omits Konstantynowicz aka Konstantinov name in the false list of scientists of the Institute.
And "...Abram Ioffe was born in the Ukraine in 1880. After graduating from St. Petersburg Technological Institute in 1902, Ioffe went to Munich, Germany, where he worked under Wilhelm Roentgen, the discoverer of X-rays. Ioffe earned his doctorate in physics in 1905. In 1906, Ioffe returned to St. Petersburg where he worked in the Polytechnical Institute. ... Several times he demonstrated his loyalty to Russia by turning down offers of academic positions in Munich and later, in Berkeley, California. He briefly left Russia during the Bolshevik Revolution in 1918, but he soon returned and helped build up the Physico-Technical Institute. He traveled to Western Europe in 1921, collecting books, journals, and equipment for the institute. He served as director of the Physico-Technical Institute from 1923 to 1953. ... Igor V. Kurchatov, who was later put in charge of the project to build the Soviet atomic bomb, studied at Ioffe's institute during the 1930s, and Ioffe recommended Kurchatov for the position to head the nuclear project".
Acc. to fofweb.com/History/ and Carlisle, Rodney P. 'Ioffe, Abram Fedorovich.' - Encyclopedia of the Atomic Age. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2001.
Above Wladymir Wernadski / Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky b. 1863, St. Petersburg and died on January 6, 1945 in Moscow.
His father, Ivan, according to family legend, was a descendant of Cossacks. Before moving to St. Petersburg, he was Professor of Economics in Kiev. In St. Petersburg, he served as a privy councilor.
His mother, Anna Petrovna Konstantynowicz / Anna Konstantinovich, was a Polish noblewoman.
Vladimir Vernadsky was a cousin of the Russian writer Vladimir Korolenko.
Above named Konstantinov, Boris Pavlovich or Borys Konstantinovich / Borys Konstantynowicz, the son of Pawel Konstantynowicz, and Borys b. 1910 in St. Petersburg. Soviet physicist and Vice - President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
The father Paul Fedoseevich Konstantinov / or Pavel Konstantinovich b. 1874, 1888 went to St. Petersburg, mother - Agrippina Petrovna Konstantinov b. 1876 nee Smirnov, gave birth to eight sons and four daughters;
Boris in 1916 was sent to a private elementary school, where he studied until the end of 1917, in early 1918 the family moved to the home of parents in the village. In 1919 his father died. In the winter 1920 - 1921 he lived and studied in St. Petersburg. Autumn of 1924 the family moved to Leningrad. At this time, at the Physico-Technical Institute worked older brother of Boris -
references, acc. to 'Russian & Soviet Science and Technology' by Loren R. Graham, History of Science Society Newsletter, Volume 18 No. 4 (Supplement 1989):
"...An interesting article on the growth of scientific personnel in the USSR, portraying the Soviet overtaking of the United States in the number of research workers, is Louvan Nolting and Murray Feshbach's, 'R and D Employment in the USSR', 'Science', 01 Feb. 1980, 207:493-503. Nolting has also published a series of reports (Foreign Economic Reports, Department of Commerce) on the structure and organization of Soviet science and technology. A recent and valuable analysis of the political role of Soviet science by Stephen Fortescue is 'The Communist Party and Soviet Science' (London: Macmillan, 1987). ... Peter Kneen's 'Soviet Scientists and the State' (Albany: SUNY Press, 1984). Works written by emigres who previously worked in the Soviet science establishment provide special insights; these include Mark Azbel, Refusenik: 'Trapped in the Soviet Union' (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981); Mark Popovsky, 'Manipulated Science' (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1979); and Vladimir Kresin, 'Soviet Science in Practice: An Insider's View,' in 'The Soviet Union Today', edited by James Cracraft (Chicago: 'Bulletin of Atomic Scientists', 1983). Three works treating Soviet industrial research from economic and political standpoints are Joseph Berliner, The Innovation Decision in Soviet Industry (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1976); Erik Hoffmann and Robbin Laird, Technocratic Socialism: 'The Soviet Union in the Advanced Industrial Era' (Durham, N.C.: Duke Univ. Press, 1985); and Raymond Hutchings, 'Soviet Science: Technology and Design Interaction and Convergence' (London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1976). A topic of particular interest to American scholars who may wish to do research in the Soviet Union, no matter what the field, is the history of scholarly exchanges between the United States and the USSR. The most thoughtful analysis of the subject is by Linda Lubrano, 'National and International Politics in USA-USSR Scientific Cooperation,' Social Studies of Science 1981, 11:451-480. Also see Review of USA-USSR Interacademy Exchanges and Relations, Report of the National Academy of Sciences (Washington, D.C., 1977); and Yale Richmond, U.S. - Soviet Cultural Ex - changes 1958-1986: Who Wins? (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1987). ... Loren Graham, Program on Science, Technology and Society, Room E51-128, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139. Russian-language films on the history of Russian and Soviet science can be purchased from Alexandre K. Surikov, President, All-Union Corporation 'Sovinfilm,' 20 Skatertny Per., Moscow 121069, USSR". This above data 1989 by the History of Science Society, All rights reserved.
Acc. to fofweb.com/History/ and Carlisle, Rodney P. 'Ioffe, Abram Fedorovich.' - Encyclopedia of the Atomic Age. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2001.
Piotr Leonidovich Kapitsa - physicist, a researcher at low temperature physics.
Abram Fedorovich Joffe - physicist, moved to Munich, where he took a internship with Wilhelm Rontgen, he returned to St. Petersburg, was involved in nuclear physics and in the development of lasers.
Adam Gernet born on 7 August 1878 in Kiwidepah, Roethel, Laanermaa (Haapsalu), Estonia. An Adam von Gernet was involved in the study of magnetism; an infantry regiment in Dunaburg, escape across the German lines in March 1918, by John Hiden.
And now we back to Estonia and the Balachowiczs:
on 11-21 October 1917, the German Army occupied the West Estonian archipelago, Moonsund archipelago. The German forces occupied Valga (Walk) on 22 February 1918, and Parnu (Pernau), Viljandi (Fellin) and Tartu (Dorpat) on 24 February 1918. Tallinn (Reval) was occupied on 25 February 1918. The Estonian Provisional Government had declared the country independent on 24 February 1918 in Tallinn.
Stanislaw Balachowicz served also under command of Bolsheviks since November 1917, e.g. fightings with Germans by the Lake Pejpus (= Peipus) near by Smolowa (= Smolva) on March 05th, 1918, where Stanislav Balachowicz was wounded and next transferred to Petersburg; next he was sent to Luga near by Petrograd (135 Km south of Petrograd); he was loyal towards Bolsheviks. In the middle of December 1917, Stanislaw Bulak - Balachowicz (i.e. Stanislaus Bulak-Balachovitch) had contacted his brother Jozef Balachowicz in Petrograd, and again in April 1918 (Petrograd, at military hospital, here also was Jerzy Dabrovski or Dambrowski). Stanislaw Balachowicz next, in April 1918, received assent at Bolshevik's hands in Moscow for forming of Polish cavalry regiment; he was General then, with support of count de Lubersac from the French Mission.
In May 1919 - Wiktor Konstantynowicz in Gdow with the Balachowiczs.
May 1919 - in Gdow, Wiktor Konstantynowicz changed troops, from the Balachowiczs to Yudenich (the 'Whites' under Rodzianko).
Stanislaw and also Jozef Balachowicz fought against baron Korf near by Luga (131 Km NE of Pskow) in May 1918; in this regiment served: Bohdan and Jerzy Dabrowski (Jerzy Dabrowski was friend of Stanislaw Balachowicz and his wife Zinajda - after 1935 she lived in Wilno), Chodorowicz, Wolkowiecki, Szumski (= Shumskij), Wawrzynski, Safaryn, Poljan, Michulski, Michalowski, Kozlowski, Karlowicz (related to Gen. Stanislaw Bulak Balachowicz).
Stanislaw and Jozef Balachowicz's regiment had thrown off superiority of Bolsheviks at the end of May 1918 and moved on Pskov (= Pskow). Balachowicz brothers had fought with Bolsheviks near by Pskov for June - till October 1918.
In November 1917 Wiktor Konstantynowicz in Petersburg, then under Jozef Balachowicz till May 1919.
In May 1918: both of brothers Jozef Balachowicz and Stanislaw Balachowicz served in Luga in own unit and revolted against Bolsheviks in the same month. Here my great-grandfather Wiktor Konstantynowicz.
In June - October 1918: Jozef and Stanislaw Balachowicz fought near by Pskov and next conquered the town at the end of October 1918 (alongside white Gen. Dragomirow), for two days only. The Balachowicz's regiment fell back over axle Izborsk - Pieczery (= Petschory, 41 Km west of Pskow i.e. Pskov); Courland was destination. The regiment got in touch with Gen. Wandam in the first half of November 1918 and was disarming Germans, that went back to home. The Balachowiczs conformed to the Estonian Army of Gen. Laidoner in the middle of November 1918 until March 01st, 1919, near by Dorpat (i.e. Tartu or Juriew); fightings broke out again with Bolsheviks close to Dorpat in January 1919, too. The Balachowicz's group conformed to white Gen. Rodzianko on March 02nd, 1919 (in the Army of Gen. Yudenich).
Jozef Balachowicz was appointed to Russian colonel in March 1919.
Fightings with Bolsheviks again since May 1919, and Stanislav Balachowicz conquered the Gdow (103 Km north of Pskow) station during offensive of Gen. Yudenich for Petrograd on May 13th, 1919; after conquered Pskov (= Pskow) on May 29th, 1919; the Balachowicz's group administered Pskov since June till August 1919 (until August 23rd); after had clashed with Gen. Yudenich and proceeded in guerrilla war against all: "reds" and "whites", near by Pskov - Werro (Voru probably, 36 Km west of Petschory) - by Velikaja river (here in September and October 1919 together with Estonian Army).
Wiktor Konstantynowicz in May 1919 in Gdow under Yudenich.
On 25 May 1919 Estonians took Pskow. On 13 June 1919 battle at Krasnaya Gorka south-west to Kronstadt. 29 August 1919 White Russian and Estonian withdrew from Pskow;
in November - December 1919 the 4th Division together with White Russian fought around NARWA until armistice on 03 January 1920. Here my great-grandfather Wiktor Konstantynowicz.
My great-grandfather Wiktor Konstantynowicz served Jozef Balachowicz in November 1917 in St Petersburg. Jozef was the brother of Stanislaw Balachowicz. On March 2, 1919 in Estonia, Balachowicz's group subordinates itself to Russian General Rodzianko (White). On May 13, 1919, Balachowicz captured the Gdow station during Yudenich's Petrograd offensive (all communists in Gdow were hanged on telegraph poles). On May 29, 1919, Rodzianko captured Pskov by raiding from the north. On 21 May 1919 beginning of battle south-west to Petrograd. On 23/29 August 1919 White Russian and Estonian withdrew from Pskow; the Balachowicz's group administered Pskov since June 1919 till August 1919 (until August 23rd); after Balachowicz had clashed with Gen. Yudenich. In November-December 1919 the 4th Division together with White Russian fought around NARWA until armistice on 03 January 1920. Wiktor Konstantynowicz served of the North-Western Army of White movement enlisted on May 20, 1919 in GDOW and in December 1919 at the headquarters of the Estonian 4th Infantry Division in NARWA.
Stanislaw Balachowicz received permission to form a cavalry regiment in Luga from communist goverment in 1918. Balachowicz's troops, together with Estonian troops under General Johan Laidoner, liberated Gdow in May 1919 and captured Pskov. Stanislaw's father, Nikodem Balachowicz, leased the Skotopijewo farm near Maiszty/Mejszty. Nikodem and his wife Jozefa were associated with the Maiszty estate, where they both found employment as support staff. The Balachowicz family was Catholic and Stanislaw had six sisters and three brothers, of whom Jozef Balachowicz, eleven years his junior, later became his subordinate in 1918-1920. Stanislaw Balachowicz practiced on the Mejszty estate, and then for ten years, until the outbreak of World War I, worked as administrator of the Horodziec-Luzki estate owned by the Zyberk-Plater family. Horodziec-Luzki is situated in the Todayno district. Here was the Plater Manor and Park of Jan Plater- Zyberk with his wife Roza. Horodziec is a village in the Sharkivshchyna District of Belarus (Luzhki village). Horodziec now is in the Vitebsk Oblast, the Sharkivshchyna District, the Luzhki village.
Above Jan Tadeusz Plater-Zyberk b. 1908 in Horodziec, d. in 1980, Lausanne, married in 1935, in Warsaw. Jan Tadeusz Maria Plater-Zyberk was the son of Wiktor Kazimierz Konstanty Plater-Zyberk + Maria Plater-Zyberk. Jan Tadeusz married Roza Maria Gabriela Swiatopelk-Czetwertynska. Above Maria Plater-Zyberk (Michalowska), 1872-1964, born in Blonie, the daughter of Count Tadeusz Michal Plater-Zyberk + Zofia Aleksandrowicz / Witold-Aleksandrowicz. Maria married twice: Count Wiktor Kazimierz Konstanty Plater-Zyberk and Jozef Kokoszka-Michalowski.
Above Tadeusz Michal Plater-Zyberk, 1843-1918, born in Veisiejai in the Lozdzieje / Lazdijai District, of the Olita / Alytus County, died in Wojcieszkow in the Lublin province.
Tadeusz Michal was the son of Kazimierz Bartlomiej Plater-Zyberk + Ludwika Teodora Eleonora BORIEWICZ.
Mentioned Wiktor Kazimierz Konstanty Plater-Zyberk, 1855-1918, born in Liksna, d. in Vilno, the son of Henryk Waclaw Ksawery Plater-Zyberk + Adelajda KELLER.
Named above Henryk Waclaw Ksawery Plater-Zyberk, 1811-1903, born in Līksna, now Latvia, died in Kraslava.
The son of Michal Plater-Zyberg + Izabella Helena ZYBERG.
Mentioned above Michal Plater-Zyberg / Broel-Plater, 1777-1862, took the Zyberg coat of arms of his wife, died in Schlossberg in the Courland Duchy, was the son of Kazimierz Konstanty Broel-Plater.
The Bolshevik coup d'etat on 07/08 November 1917 found Stanislaw Balachowicz hospitalized in Petrograd, holding the rank of staff captain, he decided to remain in the army under communist control. In November 1917-till May 1918, he was in Petersburg / Petrograd, and he was sent from Petrograd at the head of a cavalry regiment to suppress peasant unrest in the Luga region. Then he was summoned to Petrograd, but he received a warning from friends that he would be murdered by the Bolsheviks upon his arrival. Stanislaw fought against Russians since May 1918 till the last days of 1920. In 1920 after some initial success, the force withdrew from Belarus. Jews suffered greatly at the hands of the General Bulak-Balachowicz during battle of Yurevichi in 1920. Stanislaw Bulak-Balachowicz fought against Red Army in September 1939 around Zelechow and Praga-Otwock area. He died in 1940. In 1919, he commanded a regiment in the North West Corps, part of the army of General Nikolai Yudenich. In August 1919, Bulak-Balachowicz was discharged from the White Army. Pilsudski said of him that in many cases he beat Bolsheviks better than staff generals.
After the German Revolution, between 11 and 14 November 1918, the representatives of Germany handed over political power in Estonia to the national government. As the departure of German troops in November 1918 left a void, the Russian Bolshevik troops invaded Estonia. The Baltic-German units established before the agreement was concluded. In the city of Rakvere, the 5th Estonian Regiment had established the Baltic-German Mounted Machine-Gun Commando under Colonel Konstantin Weiss, the later commander of the Baltic Battalion. In the city of Viljandi, a Baltic-German militia (Heimatschutz) squad had been established, led by Captain Viktor von zur Muhlen.
On 18 December 1918, the Viljandi and Tartu militia squads were combined to form the Tartu Baltic Battalion, under the command of Captain Viktor von zur Muhlen. Talks with Russia continued through December 1919, while heavy fighting continued at Narva. The peace treaty was finally concluded on 31 December 1919, and the ceasefire came into effect on 3 January 1920.
On 2 February 1920, the Peace Treaty of Tartu was signed by the Republic of Estonia and Russia. In 1921 the 4th Estonian Division was based on the post-War of Independence structure since February 1920.
The 4th Division of the Estonian Defence Forces was established to cover Parnu and Viljandi Military District and Valga Military District in 1920. Following the signing of the Treaty of Tartu on February 2, 1920, the military underwent restructuring into division-based districts.
In 1920-1921 the 4th Division stayed in Parnu and Viljandi - here my great-grandfather Wiktor Konstantynowicz in staff of Division. In 1921 the 4th Division was disbanded, and my great-grandfather Viktor Konstantynowicz remained in the skeleton divisional headquarters in Viljandi, and here Viktor Konstantynowicz remained in 1922-1924.
In 1930th Wiktor Konstantynowicz moved home to Nomme to his daughter Galina Dunkel nee Konstantynowicz and her two children.
But in December 1934 Galina's husband Balduin Heinrich Dunkel was murder.
In 1922, two years after the war, the army consisted of 3 field divisions, but the divisional district system (including the 4th Division) was integral to the post-war territorial defense planning. A reorganisation took place on 1 February 1940 and a fourth division was created again in Viljandi. The division was made up by the Parnu-Viljandi Military District under Colonel Jaan Maide.
Jozef Balachowicz had withdrawn from Russian Army near by Riga on October 12th, 1917 and next served in Polish troops of the 1st Polish Corps in Pskov (under command of Gen. Dowbor Musnicki and collaborated with Gen. Jacyna from Petrograd, October / November 1917). Jozef Balachowicz was transfered to Petrograd in the middle of November 1917, keep on within the 1st Polish Corps.
Jozef maybe had gotten married in Petrograd 1918, and also met brother in Petrograd in December 1917.
Jozef Balachowicz served in Petrograd in a Polish cavalry troop under command of Przysiecki and was disarmed by Bolsheviks in December 1917. All details are lacking about Jozef Balachowicz since January 1918 until the beginning of May 1918, probably in Petrograd or together with his brother Stanislaw after March 1918; Jozef was then in Luga, in May 1918.
In November 1917 Wiktor Konstantynowicz in St Petersburg served to Jozef Balachowicz. Wiktor together with Jozef Balachowicz since January 1918 until the beginning of May 1918, probably in Petrograd or with Jozef Balachowicz and Stanislaw Balachowicz in March 1918; then Jozef Balachowicz was in Luga, in May 1918.
In May 1919 - Wiktor Konstantynowicz in Gdow with the Balachowiczs.
May 1919 - in Gdow, Wiktor Konstantynowicz changed troops, from the Balachowiczs to Yudenich.
Stanislaw and also Jozef Balachowicz fought against baron Korf near by Luga (131 Km NE of Pskow) in May 1918; in this regiment served: Bohdan and Jerzy Dabrowski (Jerzy Dabrowski was friend of Stanislaw Balachowicz and his wife Zinajda - after 1935 she lived in Wilno), Chodorowicz, Wolkowiecki, Szumski (= Shumskij), Wawrzynski, Safaryn, Poljan, Michulski, Michalowski, Kozlowski, Karlowicz (related to Gen. Stanislaw Bulak Balachowicz).
Stanislaw and Jozef Balachowicz's regiment had thrown off superiority of Bolsheviks at the end of May 1918 and moved on Pskov (= Pskow). Balachowicz brothers had fought with Bolsheviks near by Pskov for June - till October 1918.
In November 1917 Wiktor Konstantynowicz in Petersburg, then under Jozef Balachowicz till May 1919.
In May 1918: both of brothers Jozef Balachowicz and Stanislaw Balachowicz served in Luga in own unit and revolted against Bolsheviks in the same month. Here my great-grandfather Wiktor Konstantynowicz.
In June - October 1918: Jozef and Stanislaw Balachowicz fought near by Pskov and next conquered the town at the end of October 1918 (alongside white Gen. Dragomirow), for two days only. The Balachowicz's regiment fell back over axle Izborsk - Pieczery (= Petschory, 41 Km west of Pskow i.e. Pskov); Courland was destination. The regiment got in touch with Gen. Wandam in the first half of November 1918 and was disarming Germans, that went back to home. The Balachowiczs conformed to the Estonian Army of Gen. Laidoner in the middle of November 1918 until March 01st, 1919, near by Dorpat (i.e. Tartu or Juriew); fightings broke out again with Bolsheviks close to Dorpat in January 1919, too. The Balachowicz's group conformed to white Gen. Rodzianko on March 02nd, 1919 (in the Army of Gen. Yudenich).
Jozef Balachowicz was appointed to Russian colonel in March 1919.
A short explanation to General Rodzianko, Wiktor Konstantynowicz and of Stanislaw Balachowicz:
from November 1915, Staff Captain Stanislaw Bulak-Balachowicz commanded a cavalry squadron of a partisan unit attached to the Northern Front headquarters near Riga.
Stanislaw's brother Jozef Balachowicz and Wiktor Konstantynowicz (also Stanislaw Szostak of Miezonka) were in St Petersburg in November 1917.
Following the Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty on March 3, 1918, Staff Captain Stanislaw Bulak-Balachowicz detached his troops under pressure from German forces, marched into the Bolshevik area of operations.
By order of Leon D. Trotsky, in early summer 1918, Stanislaw Balachowicz formed the Luzhsk Cavalry Guerrilla Regiment based on his subordinates.
In July 1918, Stanislaw's unit was assigned to suppress anti-Bolshevik peasant revolts close to Luga and Struga Belye.
By the end of October 1918, Stanislaw's regiment had reached over 1,100 men. Meanwhile, in October 1918, information reached Staff Captain S. Bulak-Balachowicz about the formation of the Pskov Volunteer Corps by the Whites in Pskov. He decided to desert from Bolshevik service and join the Whites. Stanislaw Balachowicz sent Lieutenant Vidiakin and Lieutenant Permikin, to the White Corps headquarters, who informed them of the partisans' march toward Pskov. On the night of November 5/6, 1918, two cavalry units of the Regiment, 446 men, entered Pskov. The White Corps granted amnesty to S. Bulak-Balachowicz's soldiers.
In November 1918, it led to the resignation of the commander of the Northern Corps, General Alexei J. Wandam / Vandam. Alexei Vandam, 1867-1933 born Aleksei Yefimovich Yedrikhin, was a major general. The supporters of Stanislaw Balachowicz wanted to push through his candidacy for the new commander of the Corps, but this position was assumed by Colonel G. G. von Nef.
Stanislaw's brother Jozef Balachowicz was transfered to Petrograd in the middle of November 1917, keep on within the 1st Polish Corps.
Jozef maybe had gotten married in Petrograd 1918, and also met brother in Petrograd in December 1917.
Jozef Balachowicz served in Petrograd in a Polish cavalry troop under command of Przysiecki and was disarmed by Bolsheviks in December 1917. All details are lacking about Jozef Balachowicz since January 1918 until the beginning of May 1918, probably in Petrograd or with his brother Stanislaw after March 1918; Jozef was then in Luga, in May 1918.
In November 1917 Wiktor Konstantynowicz in St Petersburg served to Jozef Balachowicz. Wiktor together with Jozef Balachowicz since January 1918 until the beginning of May 1918, probably in Petrograd or with Jozef Balachowicz and Stanislaw Balachowicz in March 1918; then Wiktor Konstantynowicz and Jozef Balachowicz was in Luga, in May 1918.
One year later in May 1919 - Wiktor Konstantynowicz was in Gdow with the Balachowiczs. In May 1919 - in Gdow, Wiktor Konstantynowicz changed troops, from the Balachowiczs to Yudenich.
We back to May 1918 when Stanislaw Balachowicz and also Jozef Balachowicz fought against baron Korf near by Luga (131 Km NE of Pskow) in May 1918; in this regiment served: Bohdan and Jerzy Dabrowski (Jerzy Dabrowski was friend of Stanislaw Balachowicz and his wife Zinajda - after 1935 she lived in Wilno), Chodorowicz, Wolkowiecki, Szumski (= Shumskij), Wawrzynski, Safaryn, Poljan, Michulski, Michalowski, Kozlowski, Karlowicz (related to Gen. Stanislaw Bulak Balachowicz).
Stanislaw and Jozef Balachowicz's regiment had thrown off superiority of Bolsheviks at the end of May 1918 and moved on Pskov (= Pskow). Balachowicz brothers had fought with Bolsheviks near by Pskov in June 1918 till October 1918.
One year earlier in November 1917 Wiktor Konstantynowicz in Petersburg, then under Jozef Balachowicz till May 1919.
In May 1918: both of brothers Jozef Balachowicz and Stanislaw Balachowicz served in Luga in own unit and revolted against Bolsheviks in the same month. Here my great-grandfather Wiktor Konstantynowicz.
In October 1918 Estonians also established contact with the Bolshevik govermment. Julius Seljamaa was the Estonian representative in Petrograd. In London, Piip made contact with Maxim Litvinov. These relations ended with the Soviet attack on Estonia on November 22, 1918. On December 6, 1918, the Estonian General Staff and the White Russian representatives signed an agreement which put the Northern Corps, a white Russian force of 3,000 men organized in Pskov, under the command of the Estonian Staff. After Bolsheviks were driven from Estonian soil, this formation was removed from Estonian command and became the North-West Russian Army under the command of General Nikolai Yudenich.
The Balachowicz's group conformed to white Gen. Rodzianko on March 02nd, 1919 (in the Army of Gen. Yudenich). Jozef Balachowicz was appointed to Russian colonel in March 1919. Wiktor Konstantynowicz fought under Stanislaw Balachowicz. Fightings with Bolsheviks again since May 1919, and Stanislav Balachowicz conquered the Gdow (103 Km north of Pskow) station during offensive of Gen. Yudenich for Petrograd on May 13th, 1919.
Earlier in January 1919, Stanislaw Balachowicz's Guerrilla Unit covered the White Corps' retreat from Pskov, for which Stanislaw Balachowicz was promoted to Russian lieutenant colonel.
In February 1919, the Unit operated on Lake Peipus between the village of Mechikorm and Perrisar / Porka Island. At the end of February 1919, Stanislaw Balachowicz submitted a plan for an attack on Bolshevik forces to General Aleksander P. Rodzianko, commander of the White Corps' Southern Group. In April 1919 some White leaders in Estonia and Finland considered it necessary to force an immediate march on Petrograd, together with N. Ivanov, a minister in the North-Western government formed in August 1919.
On May 13, 1919, the Northern Corps, 3,000 soldiers, under the command of Colonel Anton Dzerzhinsky / Antoni Dzierzenski, launched an offensive from Estonian territory. On 13 May 1919/May 15, 1919, the Whites captured Gdow, and on May 17, 1919, Yamburg, and on May 25, 1919, the 2nd Estonian Division under Colonel Puskar entered Pskov.
Wiktor Konstantynowicz vel Staroch Siedoch on 09 June 1934 lived in Estonia, Nomme, the Harku street No (tn) 28-2 and buried in the cemetery Hiiu-Rahu. Above named Starych Siedych Victor Konstantynowicz born 1874, in service since 1904, an officer since 1912, 'ensign' that is praporschik by Admiralty (ca 1914 Lieutenant), in the North - Western Army of White movement enlisted on May 20, 1919 in GDOW and in December 1919 at the headquarters of the 4th Infantry Division in NARWA.
The Estonian offensive in May 1919 had reached its objectives. The Northern Russian Corps now under general Nikolai Yudenich. At the request of the Allies, the Estonians continued cooperation with the Northern Russian Corps which was renamed the North- West Army until January 1920. Russian General Lohvitski met Pusta after the War of Independence had broken out, but the war with Bolshevist Russia lasted from 5 January 1919 to 5 January 1920, the encounters with the West Russian Volunteer Army from 26 July 1919.
Wiktor Konstantynowicz served in December 1919 till 1921/1922 the 4th Estonian division, in Narwa and Viljandi. Ants Kurvits was recalled to service on November 1, 1922, to form the Estonian Border Guard by May 1923. The staff in Viljandi and Parnu. In 1922 the 4th Division was demobilized, the 1st Division based in Rakvere for the northern front, the 2nd Division in Tartu for the southeast, and the 3rd Division initially in Parnu before relocating to Tallinn including Harju, Laane, Viljandi counties.
We back to General Alexander Rodzianko, who became Commander-in-Chief of the Northern Corps on June 1, 1919; 11 days earlier my great-grandfather Wiktor Konstantynowicz was enlisted to Rodzianko's units on 20 May 1919 in Gdow.
After conquered Pskov (= Pskow) on May 29th, 1919; the Balachowicz's group administered Pskov since June till August 1919 (until August 23rd); after Stanislaw Balachowicz had clashed with Gen. Yudenich and proceeded in guerrilla war against all: "reds" and "whites", near by Pskov - Werro (Voru probably, 36 Km west of Petschory) - by Velikaja river (here in September and October 1919 together with Estonian Army); the Balachowicz's served again Estonia in October 1919 (the 32nd Division) until February 02nd, 1920.
In May-June 1919 it was the plan of General Alexander Rodzianko, who became Commander-in-Chief of the Northern Corps on June 1, 1919, planning the operation to launch an offensive not by the shortest route to Petrograd, but first towards Pskov.
However, the Estonian government itself was interested in an offensive towards Pskov, and all the main forces of the Russian Northern Corps were transferred to Narva. In this situation, in May 1919, the Whites had to plan an offensive from Pskow to the north towards Gdov and on north-east to Luga. Support was expected from the Estonian army to be landed in Kopor Bay, at the Pejpija harbor, in cooperation with Admiral Walter Cowan's British squadron.
Pskov-Gdow was chosen as the second line of attack led by the 2nd Estonian Division, supported by Stanislaw Balachowicz. During the Red Army's counteroffensive on June 19, 1919, the Northern Corps was officially detached from the Estonian army and incorporated into the newly formed White Northwestern Army. Here my great-grandfather Wiktor Konstantynowicz (the Corps' 2nd Brigade). General Nikolai Yudenich became commander of the entire Northwestern Army.
One year earlier in November 1918, Rodzianko commanded units that formed the Pskov Volunteer Corps, whose command promoted A. P. Rodzianko to major general. On January 20, 1919, he arrived in Revel / Tallinn and was given command of the Southern Group of Forces of the Northern Corps, which operated in the Yuriev area. In February 1919, he formed and then became commander of the Corps' 2nd Brigade. In May 1919, Rodzianko organized the unsuccessful spring offensive from Estonian territory towards Petrograd.
Stanislaw's brother, Jozef Balachowicz, was promoted to lieutenant colonel and then colonel in Yudenich's Army fighting with the Soviets until early May 1919, but was largely positional. Prince von Lieven's group also joined Yudenich's forces. Rodzianko Alexander, born 1879, in November 1918, formed anti-Bolshevik battalions in Riga alongside the German 8th Army; in March 1919, he commanded the southern group of the Russian Northern Volunteer Corps in Estonia; in May 1919, he commanded the Corps occupying Pskov, and in November 1919, he suffered defeat during Yudenich's army's retreat from Petrograd to Narwa in Estonia.
On May 13, 1919, Balachowicz captures the Gdow station during Yudenich's Petrograd offensive (all communists in Gdow were hanged on telegraph poles). On May 29, Balachowicz captures Pskov by raiding from the north.
On 10 May 1919, Balachowicz was given the command over an assault group and was ordered to drive it to the rear of the Bolshevik lines and three days later his forces took the town of Gdov.
Wiktor Konstantynowicz vel Staroch Siedoch on 09 June 1934 lived in Estonia, Nomme, the Harku street No (tn) 28-2 and buried in the cemetery Hiiu-Rahu. Above named Starych Siedych Victor Konstantynowicz born 1874, in service since 1904, an officer since 1912, 'ensign' that is praporschik by Admiralty, in the North - Western Army of White movement enlisted on May 20, 1919 (Captain ?) and in December 1919 (Major ?) at the headquarters of the Estonian 4th Infantry Division.
On 29 May 1919, Balachowicz entered Pskov (the Whites forces captured Pskov on May 25, 1919) and he was promoted to colonel by General Yudenich and Stanislaw took nickname 'ataman' / Bat'ko / 'father'. Balachowicz became the military administrator of Pskov. He personally ceded most of his responsibilities to a municipal Council and focused on both the cultural and economic recovery of the war-impoverished city. The highest command of Estonian Army visited Stanislaw Balachowicz's forces in Pskov on 31 May 1919. Stanislaw Balachowicz met Estonian general Johan Laidoner. Estonian forces (Petseri Battle Group) and the White Russian Northern Corps (later the Northwestern Army) launched an offensive against the Bolshevik Red Army. A 'red' expedition was launched against Bulak Balchowicz's troops.
Balachowicz's intelligence was commanded by Colonel Engelhardt.
From June 1919 to August 1919, Balachowicz's unit "managed" Pskov.
Above intelligence officer in November 1917 (Petersburg) till October 1918 (nearby PSKOV) likely Boris Aleksandrovich Engelhardt b. 1877, d. 1962, the first revolutionary commandant of Petrograd during the February Revolution of 1917.
In October 1918 Estonians also established contact with the Bolshevik govermment. Julius Seljamaa was the Estonian representative in Petrograd. In London, Piip made contact with Maxim Litvinov. These relations ended with the Soviet attack on Estonia on November 22, 1918.
Balachowicz brothers had fought with Bolsheviks near by Pskov in June 1918 till October 1918.
One year earlier in November 1917 Wiktor Konstantynowicz in Petersburg, then under Jozef Balachowicz till May 1919.
In May 1918: both of brothers Jozef Balachowicz and Stanislaw Balachowicz served in Luga in own unit and revolted against Bolsheviks in the same month. Here my great-grandfather Wiktor Konstantynowicz and Colonel Boris Engelhardt (Colonel Engelhardt escaped from Petrograd in June/July 1918, but was working for the Balachowiczs since November 1917 in Petrograd).
By order of Leon D. Trotsky, in early summer 1918, Stanislaw Balachowicz formed the Luzhsk Cavalry Guerrilla Regiment based on his subordinates.
In July 1918, Stanislaw's unit was assigned to suppress anti-Bolshevik peasant revolts close to Luga and Struga Belye.
By the end of October 1918, Stanislaw's regiment had reached over 1,100 men. Meanwhile, in October 1918, information reached Staff Captain S. Bulak-Balachowicz about the formation of the Pskov Volunteer Corps by the Whites in Pskov. He decided to desert from Bolshevik service and join the Whites. Stanislaw Balachowicz sent Lieutenant Vidiakin and Lieutenant Permikin, to the White Corps headquarters, who informed them of the partisans' march toward Pskov. On the night of November 5/6, 1918, two cavalry units of the Regiment, 446 men, entered Pskov. The White Corps granted amnesty to S. Bulak-Balachowicz's soldiers.
In November 1918, it led to the resignation of the commander of the Northern Corps, General Alexei J. Wandam / Vandam. Alexei Vandam, 1867-1933 born Aleksei Yefimovich Yedrikhin, was a major general. The supporters of Stanislaw Balachowicz wanted to push through his candidacy for the new commander of the Corps, but this position was assumed by Colonel G. G. von Nef.
Stanislaw's brother Jozef Balachowicz was transfered to Petrograd in the middle of November 1917, keep on within the 1st Polish Corps.
Jozef Balachowicz maybe had gotten married in Petrograd 1918, and also met brother in Petrograd in December 1917.
Jozef Balachowicz served in Petrograd in a Polish cavalry troop under command of Przysiecki and was disarmed by Bolsheviks in December 1917. All details are lacking about Jozef Balachowicz since January 1918 until the beginning of May 1918, probably in Petrograd or with his brother Stanislaw after March 1918; Jozef was then in Luga, in May 1918.
In November 1917 Wiktor Konstantynowicz in St Petersburg served to Jozef Balachowicz. Wiktor together with Jozef Balachowicz since January 1918 until the beginning of May 1918, probably in Petrograd or with Jozef Balachowicz and Stanislaw Balachowicz in March 1918; then Wiktor Konstantynowicz and Jozef Balachowicz was in Luga, in May 1918.
We back to Colonel Boris Engelhardt b. 1877 in the family estate of Zarevo in the Smolensk Governorate, as the son of Alexander Petrovich Engelhardt, a general and the inspector of artillery + Klavdija Karlovna Scheidemann. Boris was Orthodox, and he had brothers Aleksandr and Yuri, and a sister Elizaveta. They were living in rural Smolensk province. Engelhardt retired on January 31, 1917, with the right to wear the uniform, and he was a State Duma deputy. The mother of Colonel Boris was Klavdija Karlovna Scheidemann, 1852-aft. 1918, the daughter of Karl Friedrich Scheidemann + Ekaterina Pavlovna Kurdjumov, 1827-1904 in village Kozackoe in the Putivl county of the Kursk province. Above Klavdija Karlovna Engelhardt had 2 sisters: Varvara Lubich Yarmolovich Lozinska / Lozina-Lozinska and Ekaterina Potocki married Nikolay Potocki, 1844-aft. 1891, the son of PLATON Potocki, b. 1806 + Anna Storozenko;
Platon was the son of Aleksandr Potocki b. ca 1775, the grandson of Wasyl Potocki b. ca 1745;
Wasyl Potocki was the son of Grzegorz Potocki b. ca 1720 / Grigory Potocki.
Grzegorz Potocki was the son of Franciszek Potocki.
We back to Boris Alexandrovich Engelhardt, a colonel, the first revolutionary commandant of Petrograd on 27 February 1917. The Temporary Committee of the State Duma, formed earlier that day under Chairman Mikhail Rodzianko, selected Engelhardt for his military experience and perceived loyalty to parliamentary authority. Boris Alexandrovich Engelhardt, rejected the Bolshevik seizure of power during the events of 25-26 October 1917, as an illegitimate coup.
Remaining in Petrograd immediately after the Bolsheviks' occupation of key sites like the Winter Palace and Smolny Institute, Engelhardt refused to submit to the new regime which arrested of Provisional Government ministers on 26 October / 8 November 1917. In middle November 1917 Boris Engelhardt was intelligence officer of the Balachowiczs in Petrograd. My grandfather Jerzy / Marian Konstantynowicz was in Petrograd in June 1917 - middle November 1917, then in Minsk Litewski. My great-grandfather Wiktor Konstantynowicz nickname Staroch-Siedoch was in Petrograd with the Balachowiczs in November 1917 till early 1918.
Engelhardt contributed to early anti-Bolshevik networks of Jacyna-Balachowicz team. "Engelhardt's memoirs later portray this period as a pivotal betrayal, underscoring causal factors like Provisional Government weaknesses and Bolshevik exploitation of war weariness over ideological fervor alone".
Engelhardt left Petrograd in June 1918 with the Balachowiczs, and in October / November 1918 moved to the south to Kiev. He became head of the political section of the Volunteer Army's representation in Kyiv in November 1918. By December 1918, he continued in a similar capacity in Odessa. On March 18, 1919, Engelhardt joined the Armed Forces of South Russia as assistant to the head of the propaganda department under the Special Council at the Commander-in-Chief.
Earlier Boris settled in his estate Pecherskaya Buda in the Mstislavsky County of the Mogilev Governorate, where he became seriously interested in agriculture and visited Denmark.
The estate Pecherskaya Buda / Pieczerska Buda in the Mscislau / Mstislavl / Mstislavsky County of the Mogilev Governorate, 38 km north-east to Soino, ex-Konstantynowiczs estate, then to the Holynskis; 29 km north-east to Pietrowiczi; 45 km south-east to Monastyrszczina-Dudino of the Holynskis, see the assassination of J. F. Kennedy. Pecherskaya Buda, now in the Khislavichskiy rayon, Smolenskaya oblast; belonged to the Engelhardt family in the Mstislavl County (uezd) of the Mogilev Governorate, 12 km southeast of Khislavichi / Kislawicze / Chislawiczi / Choslawicze.
From 4 April 1917, Boris Engelhardt worked in the Military Commission under the chairmanship of General Alexei Polivanov. In the summer of 1918, he fled from Petrograd. In November 1918 in Ukraine. Engelhardt lived in exile in France where he worked as a taxi driver, then in Latvia as a trainer at the Riga Hippodrome. Engelhardt was arrested and served administrative exile in the Khorazm Region from 1940 to 1946.
After Pskov was yet again lost to the Bolsheviks in mid-July 1919, general Yudenich ordered Stanislaw Balachowicz to be arrested even though only a few days earlier he promoted him to major general. At the beginning of August 1919 once again Balachowicz evaded being captured. He handed over his soldiers to his brother Jozef Balachowicz, and they moved to the Estonian-controlled Ostrov. There he once again created a partisan unit of 600 men strong. On August 23, 1919 Stanislaw Bulak-Balachowicz is relieved of command of the Corps in Pskov by Yudenich. Balachowicz joins the partisans.
General Rodzianko on June 1, 1919, formally assumed command of the Corps (renamed the Northwestern Corps, and subsequently the Northwestern Army); in August 1919, Rodzianko was in conflict with Lieutenant General Nikolai N. Yudenich. General A. P. Rodzianko was preparing a plan for the autumn 1919 offensive on Petrograd. On October 2, 1919, Rodzianko became lieutenant general, deputy commander of General N. N. Yudenich's Army; Rodzianko took command of the 3rd Division, which captured Gatchina and Tsarskoye Selo - here my great-grandfather Wiktor Konstantynowicz.
In September 1919, Rodzianko's unit captured the railway node in Porkhov and broke the Pskov-Polotsk rail road, which added greatly to the White Russian's initial success. On November 5, 1919 his unit yet again entered the area between Pskov and Ostrov and destroyed the three remaining railway lines linking Pskov with the rest of Russia. Stanislaw Balachowicz handed over his soldiers to his brother Jozef Balachowicz, and they moved to the Estonian-controlled Ostrov. There he once again created a partisan unit of 600 men strong in September 1919.
On January 22, 1920, general Yudenich signed an order of dissolution of his army. On January 28, 1920, general Stanislaw Balachowicz together with several Russian officers and the Estonian police arrested him.
Stanislaw Balachowicz fought against Bolsheviks again since May 1919, and Stanislav Balachowicz conquered the Gdow (103 Km north of Pskow) station during offensive of Gen. Yudenich for Petrograd on May 13th, 1919; after conquered Pskov (= Pskow) on May 29th, 1919; the Balachowicz's group administered Pskov since June till August 1919 (until August 23rd); after had clashed with Gen. Yudenich and proceeded in guerrilla war against all: "reds" and "whites", near by Pskov - Werro (Voru probably, 36 Km west of Petschory) - by Velikaja river (here in September and October 1919 together with Estonian Army).
Wiktor Konstantynowicz in May 1919 in Gdow under Yudenich.
On 25 May 1919 Estonians took Pskow. On 13 June 1919 battle at Krasnaya Gorka south-west to Kronstadt. 29 August 1919 White Russian and Estonian withdrew from Pskow;
in November - December 1919 the 4th Division together with White Russian fought around NARWA until armistice on 03 January 1920. Here my great-grandfather Wiktor Konstantynowicz.
On 28 November 1918 - 4 Estonian Division in Narwa; 05 December - Johvi; on 13 December 1918 - Hunda river, north to Rakvere; 24 December - north-west to Tapa; 02 January 1919 - 40 km east to Tallinn; the 4th Division on seafront, east to Tallinn; January 1919 - Finnish troops with 4th Division close to Kehra; 08 January 1919 - counter-attack of the 4th Division alongside sea; 14 January 1919 - in Rakvere take rest out of front line; 12 May 1919 - 4th Div. in Narwa; 13 May - White Russian attacked on east, south of Narwa:
my great-grandfather Wiktor Konstantynowicz served the Balachowiczs in November 1917 till May 1919. Then Wiktor Konstantynowicz in May 1919 served the North-Western Army of White movement enlisted on May 20, 1919 in GDOW. In December 1919 till 1922 Wiktor Konstantynowicz served 4th Estonian Division in Staff of Division, after 1920 in Viljandi.
On 19 May 1919 White Russian in Jomburg. On 21 May beginning of battle south-west to Petrograd. On 25 May 1919 Estonians took Pskow. On 13 June 1919 battle at Krasnaya Gorka south-west to Kronstadt. 29 August 1919 White Russian and Estonian withdrew from Pskow; in November - December 1919 the 4th Division together with White Russian fought around NARWA until armistice on 03 January 1920. On 12 December 1918 British Navy came to Tallinn. Wiktor Konstantynowicz was officer of the HQ of the 4th Infantry Division in December 1919 till 1921/1922 (in Viljandi) - Wiktor Konstantynowicz served of the North-Western Army of White movement enlisted on May 20, 1919 and in December 1919 at the headquarters of the 4th Infantry Division in NARWA.
In November 1917 Wiktor Konstantynowicz in Petersburg under Jozef Balachowicz till May 1919 (on 12 December 1918 British Navy came to Tallinn) -
his son Jerzy Konstantynowicz aka Marian Konstantynowicz in November 1917 in Petersburg; in December 1917 in Minsk Litewski; in January 1918 in Stary Bychow. And Jerzy escaped in November 1918 from Miezonka to Minsk, under General Wejtko, and at the beginning of December 1918 in Lapy, Zambrow and then in Wilno in Dec. 1918/January 1919.
November 1918, in mid-November 1918, the newly formed Estonian Army replaced the Germans on the front line against the Bolsheviks. S. Balachowicz surrendered to the Estonian Army. Around mid-November 1918, Balachowicz fought the Soviets near Dorpat under the command of General Laidoner
(Estonian, Johann Laidoner, born 1884, died 1953 at Lubianka - murdered along with Jankowski from Poland; general from 1901 in the Russian Army; graduated from the General Staff Academy in Russia; from December 1917 to February 1918 he commanded an Estonian division within the Russian Army, and from March to October 1918 there is no data; in November 1918 he returned to Estonia; from 1940 to 1953 in Soviet camps, including Lubianka).
December 1918:
the Soviets advance behind the Germans towards Riga, which they captured on January 3, 1919, which stabilizes the Estonian front in the Dorpat area (here, Balachowicz's unit).
January 1919, Balachowicz has been fighting the Soviets near Dorpat since mid-November 1918; he is subordinated to the Estonian Army. From November 17, 1918, the Soviets advance westward, following the retreating German army; on January 3, 1919, the Soviets occupy Riga. This cut off Balachowicz's path to Poland, which had been independent for three months.
Balachowicz remains in the Estonian Army (from mid-November 1918 to March 1, 1919).
On March 2, 1919 in Estonia, Balachowicz's group subordinates itself to Russian General Rodzianko (White), whose forces are part of General Yudenich's Army. Stanislaw's brother, Jozef Balachowicz, is promoted to lieutenant colonel and then colonel in Yudenich's Army.
Fighting with the Soviets at the front, mostly positional, continues until early May 1919.
Prince von Lieven's group also joins Yudenich's forces. Rodzianko Alexander, born 1879; died ?; in November 1918 in Riga, he forms anti-Bolshevik battalions alongside the German 8th Army; in March 1919, he commands the southern group of the "Russian Northern Volunteer Corps" in Estonia;
in May 1919, he commanded the Corps occupying Pskov, and in November 1919, he suffered defeat during the retreat of Yudenich's army from Petrograd to Estonia.
On May 13, 1919, Balachowicz captured the Gdow station during Yudenich's Petrograd offensive (all communists in Gdow were hanged on telegraph poles). On May 29, he captured Pskov by raiding from the north.
An 'red' expedition was launched against Bulak-Balachicz's troops.
Balachowicz's intelligence was commanded by Colonel Engelhardt; from June to August, Balachowicz's unit "managed" Pskov.
After conquered Pskov (= Pskow) on May 29th, 1919; the Balachowicz's group administered Pskov since June till August 1919 (until August 23rd); after had clashed with Gen. Yudenich and proceeded in guerrilla war against all: "reds" and "whites", near by Pskov - Werro (Voru probably, 36 Km west of Petschory) - by Velikaja river (here in September and October 1919 together with Estonian Army); they served again Estonia in October 1919 (the 32nd Division) until February 02nd, 1920.
Stanislaw Balachowicz at the same time conducted talks with a Byelorussian administration in Riga, and also with Polish agency (captain Myszkowski). The Balachowicz's group in the middle of February 1920 threaded its way through Estonia (from Reval i.e. Tallinn, Rewel) and Latvia, to Dyneburg (= Dzvinsk or Daugavpils) on circa February 20th, 1920 and they made oath of fidelity to Polish Army, however just on March 02nd, 1920 the Balachowicz's group had gone on to Polish units in Daugavpils; they came to a halt in Brest in March 1920. The Balachowicz's Corps (group) fought against Bolsheviks at east Polish front since June 1920; went back through Luninec, Brest and Leczna (together with the Orenburg Cossacks under command of Jakovlev - here since August 09th, 1920 till August 16th, 1920); after they liberated Wlodawa on August 17th, 1920 and Kamin - Kasyrs'kyj on September 15th, 1920; Pinsk on September 16th, 1920; Derevok and Ljubesh (= Lubieszow) on September 22nd, 1920 and again near by Pinsk on September 26th.
The rest in Luninec since September 30th and change of name on "People's Voluntary Allied Army" of Major-General Stanislaw Bulak - Balachowicz: colonel Mikosz commanded the "Minsk regiment", aide of Corps: Grotkowski, cavalry of captain Saradin, lieutenant Lis - Blonski as messenger, colonels: Pawlowski, Matwiejew, Zgun (i.e. Shgun), Peremykin, "the Spark" and captain Wojciechowski.
I remind you that my grandfather, Jerzy Konstantynowicz, aka Marian Stankiewicz, or Marian Konstantynowicz with the nickname Colonel Piotr Siedlecki/Colonel Stankiewicz, b. 1897/1898 in Tallinn,
was the son of Wiktor Konstantynowicz, aka Staroch Siedoch with the nickname 'Konstantyn' (Wiktor Konstantynowicz served of the North - Western Army of White movement enlisted on May 20, 1919 in GDOW and in December 1919 at the headquarters of the 4th Infantry Division in NARWA).
Wiktor's brother, Apollon Konstantynowicz, died in 1902, and had a son, Eugeniusz Konstantynowicz, aka Constantinowitz, who settled in Paris. Jerzy and Eugene/Eugeniusz were cousins.
My genealogical branch also includes Wiktoria Konstantynowicz older, b. 1846, the daughter of Ivan / Jan Konstantynowicz b. ca 1790/1800, the brother of Dominik Konstantynowicz b. 1800/1805, both the grandsons of Antoni Konstantynowicz of the Mscislau branch.