The Bar Uprising in 1768-1771, with Skorzewska-Ciecierska, Bratoszewice, Glowno, Margonin and Berlin in 1768. Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski and his granddaughter Marianna Nostitz-Jackowska married Swiatopelk-Mirska - her grandmother Marcianna Antonie Barbara Nostitz-Jackowska Kczewska of Straszewo.
The family branch: Marcianna Antonie Barbara Nostitz-Jackowska Kczewska, Antoni Skorzewski married Anna Nostitz-Jackowska, Andrzej Kiedrzynski b. 1715/1720 married Franciszka Nostitz-Jackowska; and Tomasz Bogumil Swiatopelk - Mirski married Marianna Nostitz-Jackowska. Pyotr Dmitrievich Svyatopolk-Mirsky, Wiera Bagration Gruzinsky Bagratyd.
Erekle II Bagrationi, Bezhan Dadiani - Prince of Mingrelia, Agrippina Constantines Japaridze, Konstantin Friedrich Peter von Oldenburg, Giorgi IV Dadiani - Konstantynowicz and Kiedrzynski genealogy.

Jan Nepomucen Ksawery Nostitz-Jackowski
was the son of
Marianna Kczewski / Marcianna Antonie Barbara Nostitz-Jackowska Kczewska, born in Straszewo, near by Kwidzyn; the wife of Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski, ca 1729 - 1802 in the Nogat river close to Malbork. The son of Michal Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1705, d. ca 1766. The grandson of Jan Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1670.
Antoni Skorzewski, 1710 - 1766 m. Anna Nostitz - Jackowska, ca 1710/1715 - 1768. Anna was the daughter of above Jan Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1670.
Franciszka Nostitz-Jackowski married Kiedrzynska had one sister, named above Anna Skorzewska born Nostitz-Jackowska. Franciszka JACKOWSKA married Andrzej Kiedrzynski b. 1715/1720, then he was the owner of Bieganin close to RASZKOW.

Franciszek Ksawery SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI, b. ca 1760, married to Katarzyna Badowska, 1764 - 1843; they had the son Tomasz Bogumil Swiatopelk - Mirski, 1788, d. 1868, m. Marcianna / Marianna Nostitz-Jackowska.
Marianna was the daughter of Jan Nepomucen married 2nd to Petronela nee Drywa-Zakrzewska in 1804, born 1776 / 1780. Jan Nepomucen Ksawery Nostitz-Jackowski was the son of
Marianna Kczewski / Marcianna Antonie Barbara Nostitz-Jackowska Kczewska + Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski.
Above Tomasz Bogumil Jan Swiatopelk-Mirski 1788-1868, Duke in 1861, had the son Dmitrij Hariton Ruryk Miron back to Russia in 1840, 1841 served at Caucasus; Dmitrij Hariton Ruryk Miron = Dmitri / Dmitry Ivanovich / Dmitrij, born in 1824 or 1825 - d. 1899, Infantry General;
and the grandson
Pyotr Dmitrievich Svyatopolk-Mirsky (1857 - 1914), the governor of Penza and Vilna governments, Minister of Interior of Russia.

Dmitrij Hariton Ruryk Miron = Dmitrij's brothers and sisters:
1. Boleslawa Rodys 1831 - 1915, wife of Wilhelm Rodys, and the mother of Pelagia Joanna Findeisen.
2. Ekaterina d. 1879;
3. Vladymir 1823 - 1861.
4.
Mikolaj / Nicholas Ivanovitch Sviatopolk-Mirski 1833 - 1898; a godson of Tsar Nicolas II, and was "aide de camp" of the Tsar, General-Adjutant 1874 (1877-1878 war), the member of the State Council of Imperial Russia in 1898; and in 1881-1898 The Don Cossack chief; he died at his estate Mir;
1st m. Princess Vera Ilyitchnina Gruzinsky / Grouzinzky in Tiflis, Georgia on 4 May 1860; ie. Wiera Bagratyd / Pss Vera b. Tbilisi 1842.
the daughter of ELIZBAR / ILIA Grigorievich Bagration Gruzinsky and Anastasja.
Mentioned above ELIZBAR / ILIA Grigorievich Bagration Gruzinsky b. 1790, d. 1854, was the son of Giorgi XII Bagrationi (King of Kartli and Kakheti) and Mariam.
Named above Giorgi XII Bagrationi King of Kartli and Kakheti, b. 1746, d. 1800, the son of Erekle II, King of Georgia and Anna Abashidze.
Erekle II Bagrationi / Iraklij, known as Herculius II, b. 1720 in Telavi, in Kakheti, Georgia; d. 1798; was the son of
Teimuraz II, King of Kakheti and Kartli.
Teimuraz II was the son of
Erekle I, King of Kartli and Kakheti b. 1637, d. 1709 in Iran.
Erekle I was a grandson of the late king Teimuraz I of Kakheti,
returned from exile in Russia to claim his succession. He was soon summoned to Iran by Shah Suleiman I. The shah would install Erekle as King of Kakheti and therefore attempted, though vainly, to seize the throne of Imereti.

And the branch of Wybicki - Nostitz-Jackowski - Trampczynski - my family Kiedrzynski:

Jozef Rufin Wybicki, 1747 - 1822, jurist, poet, the author of "Dabrowski's Mazurek", which in 1927 was adopted as the Polish national anthem.
Wybicki was born in Bedomin, close to Nowa Karczma and Koscierzyna; the son of Piotr Ernest Wybicki, 1700 in Sikorzyno, close to Kartuzy - 1758;
the grandson of Maciej Wybicki and Elzbieta.

Maciej Wybicki, b. 1660 in Koscierzyna, d. bef. 1736;
the son of Jan Wybicki b. ca 1630 - ca 1700, and Katarzyna;
the grandson of Maciej Wybicki OLDEST.

The line of Wybicki - Nostitz-Jackowski:

Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski younger, was the son of Jan Nepomucen Ksawery Nostitz-Jackowski and Anna;
above Aleksander was the half brother of MARCIANNA Nostitz-Jackowska;
Marcjanna Swiatopelk-Mirska nee Nostitz-Jackowska, was the wife of Tomasz Bogumil Jan Swiatopelk-Mirski, and the mother of
Dimitry Swiatopelk-Mirski, and Mikolaj Swiatopelk-Mirski.

Above Jan Nepomucen Ksawery Nostitz-Jackowski b. 1770,
was the son of
Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski OLDER and Marcianna Antonie Barbara KCZEWSKA, Nostitz-Jackowska.
Above Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski, ca 1729 - 1802 in Nogat,
the son of
Michal Nostitz-Jackowski and Eleonora.
Mentioned Michal Nostitz-Jackowski, b. ca 1705, died ca 1766, was the son of Jan Nostitz-Jackowski, b. ca 1670.

Antoni Skorzewski, 1710 - 1766 m. Anna Nostitz - Jackowska [Anna Skorzewska born Nostitz-Jackowska], ca 1710/1715 - 1768. Anna was the daughter of above Jan Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1670. Anna Skorzewska Jackowska had one sister Franciszka Nostitz-Jackowski married Kiedrzynska. Franciszka JACKOWSKA married Andrzej Kiedrzynski b. 1715/1720, then he was the owner of Bieganin close to RASZKOW. Her son Jakub Kiedrzynski was the posesor of Orpiszewek close to PLESZEW. Jakub's brother was IZYDOR Kiedrzynski - my line.

TADEUSZ Swiatopelk-Mirski b. ca 1760 and Jan SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI b. ca 1770, m. Tekla Burgundyfera Despot-Zenowicz, probably were the brothers of Franciszek Ksawery SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI, b. ca 1760, married to Katarzyna Badowska, 1764 - 1843, who had the son
Tomasz Bogumil Swiatopelk - Mirski, 1788, d. 1868.

And
Jan Nepomucen Ksawery Wybicki, 1782 in Wadzyn, close to Brodnica - 1852 in Swierczyny, close to Brodnica.
The son of Jakub Wybicki and Marianna.
Jan Nepomuzen WYBICKI was the father of Marianna Teofila Nostitz-Jackowska

[Marianna Teofila Nostitz-Jackowska, 1825 in Konojadki - 1898, the daughter of Jan Nepomucen Ksawery Wybicki;
the wife of Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski.
Mentioned Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski JUNIOR, was the son of Jan Nepomucen Ksawery Nostitz-Jackowski, b. 1770, and the grandson of Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski, SENIOR, ca 1729 - 1802 in Nogat; the great-grandson of
Michal Nostitz-Jackowski, ca 1705 - ca 1766;
the great-great-grandson of Jan Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1670, and Rozalia Trzebska].

Above Jakub Wybicki, b. 1754 / July 1755 - d. 1814 in Wadzyn, in the Brodnica County.
He was the son of Jan Wybicki, younger, b. 1712 in Sikorzyno, close to Kartuzy,
and the grandson of Maciej Wybicki, b. 1660 in Koscierzyna, d. bef. 1736;
and the great-grandson of
Jan Wybicki OLDER, ca 1630 - ca 1700;
who was the son of Maciej Wybicki.

Another faultless genealogy:

Maciej PSTROKONSKI, b. ca 1680, son of Jan Stanislaw and Grabinska, owner of Dobroszyce, Wola Rudnicka, part of Skrzynno in the Wielun county, and also of Wilczkow in the Kalisz province,
m. 1st to Izabela Skrzynska, the daughter of Mikolaj and Katarzyna Madalinska,
the 2nd married to Konstancja Zaremba.

MACIEJ Pstrokonski died in 1752; left from second marriage daughter Bona, m. Antoni Otto Trapczynski;
and MACIEJ had next children -
Wiktoria [b. ca 1710 !], m. Marcin Kiedrzynski b. ca 1710;
Franciszka Pstrokonska, m. Franciszek Gajecki / FRANCISZEK GAJEWSKI;
Maciej junior;
Antoni Pawel Pstrokonski, b. in Wilczkow in 1736; and
Franciszek Ksawery Pstrokonski, senior, official in MOZYR in 1750, m. Agnieszka Nieniewska, the daughter of Andrzej NIENIEWSKI, official in Piotrkow, and Anna Myszkowska.

Remember:

In 1830, Jozef Otto Trampczynski died; the owner of Karsy; buried in Kucharki; born in 1733.

And now on
MICHAL Arcichowski or Michal Arciechowski, b. ca 1717, inf. 1748, died in Chodziez
[northern Grand Poland and close to ex-Prussian border !], in 1771. Before 1747 he was married to Antonine (Agnieszka ?) Golinska, d. before 1779, with son Anastazy,
and daughters:
Marianna Arcichowska in 1779 m. to Kasper Kiedrzynski / KACPER KIEDRZYNSKI
[see family of Izydor Kiedrzynski !];
Nepomucena in 1778 m. Zygmunt Grudzinski;
Michalina;
Karolina in 1779 was unmarried.

Kasper Kiedrzynski was the brother to
Izydor Kiedrzynski - my family;
Jakub Kiedrzynski;
and
they were children of Andrzej Kiedrzynski, b. ca 1715/1720 + Franciszka Nostitz-Jackowska, b. ca 1715, the daughter of Jan Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1670.

BIEGANIN:

In 1698, Stefan Dominik Przespolewski, the heir, was married to Jadwiga Koszutska - Leszczyc, who in 1698 sold the estate to Maciej Kucharski for PLN 38600. Through the marriage of Izabela Kucharska and Andrzej Droszewski = Droszewo Droszewski, the estate passed on to Droszewski;
and in 1748, a divorced heiress sold Bieganin to Jozef Strzelecki for PLN 24000.
That same year, 1748, Strzelecki sold the land of Bieganin, to Andrzej Kiedrzynski b. ca 1715/1720, of the Ostoja coat of arms.

Five children of named Andrzej Kiedrzynski and Franciszka Nostitz-Jackowski - Kiedrzynska were born in Bieganin, among others
1.
Izydor Kiedrzynski, b. 1749, probably in Bieganin - died bef. 1802, his widowed wife in JEDLNO, Helena Kiedrzynska, moved house from Jedlno to RASZKOW, and then back to Wola Wiazowa in 1820;
2.
Florian Kiedrzynski
and 3.
Dorota Kiedrzynska Madalinska Psarska.
4.
Ludwika Kiedrzynska, married Maciej Otto Trampczynski; she was born in BIEGANIN, ca 1748/1755 as the daughter of Andrzej Kiedrzynski, b. ca 1715/1720.

One of the daughters, Ludwika Kiedrzynska, married Maciej Otto Trampczynski (1740 - 1789), the son of Jan Otto-Trampczynski and Rozalia GARCZYNSKA.
Maciej's son -
Jozef Trampczynski was born in 1779 in Gora, close to SREM - see PLATER [not in Lower Silesia] ["died" - it was mistake of course];
the great-grandson was born in Piersko, at the Szamotuly County.
Next generation of the Trampczynskis in Deblowo, in the Gniezno County, ie. famous
Wojciech Trampczynski = Stefan Wojciech, b. 1860, the Speaker of Parliament in Poland in 1919 - 1922; 1922 - 1927 of Senat.
Acted in 1918 in the Great Poland.

Even in 1766, an old heiress of BIEGANIN - Izabela Kucharska collected money from Trampczynski secured on the estate by Andrzej Kiedrzynski [b. 1715/1720];
in 1774 - her son, Franciszek Droszewski, also accepted this sum.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the heir of the village BIEGANIN was Feliks Gorzenski, lieutenant Colonel of the Polish Army. His wife Anna died young, in 1809, leaving 3 minor sons and two daughters. The heir is mentioned in the records as late as 1830, then we find only the leaseholder Edmund Dembinski in 1843.
5.
Andrzej Kiedrzynski, younger, b. ca 1750, the owner of the half of Kiedrzyn close to northern Czestochowa, the son of Andrzej Kiedrzynski, older, b. 1715/1720.
Andrzej Kiedrzynski, the 3rd, was the son of named Franciszka Jackowska.
6.
But we know in Raszkow, in 1751 in June, Juljana Petronella Kiedrzynska was born, the daughter of Andrzej Kiedrzynski and unknown Kiedrzynska, both owners of Bieganin.

Marcin Kiedrzynski senior, b. ca 1710, was the cousin of Ignacy Kiedrzynski b. ca 1730 and to Andrzej Kiedrzynski born ca 1715/1720
[Andrzej was the son of Jan Kiedrzynski b. ca 1670/1680].

Maciej Kiedrzynski born ca 1700 / 1710 close to Czestochowa, was the son of above Jan Kiedrzynski born ca 1670/1680, too.

Marcin Kiedrzynski, b. ca 1710, it's the branch of Jakob Kiedrzynski / Jakub Kiedrzynski, senior, b. 1668 - owner of Dymki in the Lututow parish since 1698, inf. 1709 Wielun.
Dymki and Lututow - Dymki estate of the Kiedrzynskis is situated 5 km east of Lututow, in the Wieruszow county.

Adam Kiedrzynski born ca 1680, died ca 1723;
Jan Kiedrzynski b. ca 1670/1680;
and
Jakub Kiedrzynski, senior, b. 1668, d. 1729, the owner of Dymki in the Lututow parish since 1698, were the brothers.

Andrzej Kiedrzynski b. 1715/1720, was a cousin to MARCIN Kiedrzynski, senior, b. ca 1710, died in 1788.

Mentione above Marcin Kiedrzynski, b. ca 1710, and Kazimierz Kiedrzynski [Kazimierz Kiedrzynski m. Katarzyna Swierczkowska] were the brothers
[and probably with the 3rd brother - Jan Kiedrzynski, junior, born ca 1700/1710, who married to Ludwika Sielnicka / Sitnicka or Sielinski].

In 1792, Franciszka Kiedrzynska nee Nostitz-Jackowski, widow after Andrzej Kiedrzynski, who was the owner of Bieganin / Biegacino;
and Tomasz Kiedrzynski, the owner of Kaczki Posrednie, in the Turek parish, of SZADEK county;
carried out a lawsuit against Andrzej Kiedrzynski, the 3rd, the son of named Franciszka Jackowska Kiedrzynska, who was the owner of the half of Kiedrzyn near to Czestochowa.
They wrote down Bieganin was bought by the Kiedrzynskis in 1748, ie. Andrzej Kiedrzynski, senior, b. 1715/1720, from Jozef Strzelecki.

Ca 1750, in Bieganin [close to RASZKOW - parish, and Skrzebowa] was living Katarzyna nee Newlinski, married Smolewicz, widowed after death of Stanislaw Smolewicz, and Franciszka Newlinska, her sister,
both daughters of
Mikolaj Newlinski [b. 1674 ?] and his wife Elzbieta KIEDRZYNSKA [Elzbieta was the sister to Jan Kiedrzynski, b. ca 1670/1680 ?], next of kin to mentioned Andrzej Kiedrzynski, b. ca 1715/1720;
Elzbieta NEWLINSKA nee Kiedrzynska, was living here 15 years or more - ca before 1733, was bpt. here
[Elzbieta's mother was from the Raszkow parish ?] and she was buried in the Raszkow parish.

PAWEL Kiedrzynski b. 1739, died in September 1809 in MEKA, the Sieradz parish,
had a brothers:
Jan Antoni Maciej Kiedrzynski, b. on 27 May 1738 in Wilczkow, the Gluchow parish;
Florian Kiedrzynski, b. 1740 in NOSKOWO;
Jozef Kiedrzynski, b. 1736, d. bef. 1791;
Stanislaw Kiedrzynski, b. 1739, d. 1774 [in WILKOWO POLSKIE + ZAMOYSKA];
and a sister Bona Kiedrzynska 1st married Trampczynska, 2nd to Lipnicki.
Bona Trampczynska- Lipnicka nee Kiedrzynska, b. 1735, d. 1785;
they both were children of
Marcin Kiedrzynski b. ca 1710, died in 1788 + Wiktoria Pstrokonska / Wiktoria Poraj Pstrokonska / Wiktoria Kiedrzynska
[b. 1715/1720 or ca 1720] of WILCZKOW.

The Conspiracy of the Illuminati and of Russians - 1738, 1765, 1776, 1779. Misraim in 1738 and Podhajce, Rohatyn, Skala Podolska with Samuel Falk and Jakob Frank.

The German Illuminati were called to life by Adam Weishaupt on May 1, 1776. They used the name 'Ordo Illuminati Germaniae'. The symbol of the Enlightened was the pyramid with the omniscient eye at the top (identical to that found on dollar banknotes).
Weisshaupt / WEISHAUPT collaborated with Count Alessandro di Cagliostro [compare his visit to Adam Poninski, Poniatowski in Warsaw, and in Curland]. Cagliostro with Manuel Pinto, the Grand Master of the Order in Malta - the Illuminati net with Carsten Niebuhr, 1761-1767 - were the core of Illuminati Conspiracy and of Russian intelligence. Tadeusz Grabianka [during 1778/1779 - 1807] and the Templars [1785-1790-1805] tried to take over this enemy organization of Germans and Russians.

Weisshaupt's goal was the New World Order, a permanent revolution [compare PARVUS and Jean Phillipe Garran de Coulon] and destruction of the current order [see Nestor Trubecki and Lenin]. The organization of the Illuminati was hierarchical, the individual degrees were isolated from each other.
It was forbidden to talk about the organization and its activities [compare the speech of John F. Kennedy in April 1961 on the secret societes ie. Russian communist network - the President expalin in the next day !]. The sect had three classes divided into two grades.

When in 1650, Earl William Sinclair was killed at the Battle of Dunbar, the Templars was taken by GRAHAM-Dundee-MONTROSE clan.

In 1689, "James Grahame of Claverhouse, Viscount Dundee, died at the battle of Killiecrankie wearing the Grand Cross of the Order".
He is James Graham, d. 1689, but not in 1684. VISCOUNT DUNDEE was Grand Master of 'the Order of Templars in SCOTLAND'. James Graham, 3rd Marquess of Montrose (1657-1684/1689 !), was only son of the 2nd Marquess.

There is clear documentary evidence of famous Knight Templars in Scottish history particularly within the Christian Jacobite movement: these include mentioned above James of Claverhouse (Bonnie Dundee), the Grand Prior of Scotland who was murdered by a Unionist assassin at the Battle of Killiecrankie in 1689. Graham of Claverhouse was a Grand master of a Jakobite 'Convent' of Templars in the area of Montrose under the authority of Dom Calvet. After his Dom Calvet's death, the office passed on
Mar [John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1675-1732) Scottish Jacobite]
and subsequently on
Atholl.

Above MAR ie. John, The Earl of Mar as Regent
[John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1675-1732) Scottish Jacobite, was the eldest son of Charles, Earl of Mar, b. 1650, d. 1689, the 22nd earl (in the 1st creation) and the 5th earl (in the 7th)].

It is also asserted that MAR and ATHOL
[Atholl / Murray ie. James Murray, 2nd Duke of Atholl, 1690 - 1764, styled Marquess of Tullibardine]
succeeded JAMES GRAHAM,
and that
Prince Charles Edward STUART was installed Grand Master at Holyrood in 1745.

John Murray, 2nd Marquess of Atholl, 1660-1724,
was the eldest son of the 1st Marquess; created Duke of Atholl in 1703.
John's son was
James Murray, 2nd Duke of Atholl, 1690 - 1764, styled Marquess of Tullibardine between 1715 and 1746, was a Scottish peer, and Lord Privy Seal.

Mentioned
John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1675-1732), in 1729 went to Aix-la-Chapelle, then France, but now Aachen, near Koln. Scottish Jacobite,
was the eldest son of
Charles, Earl of Mar (who died in 1689).
They came from Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar and Anne Drummond. Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, was born in 1556 in Stirling.

Andrew Michael Ramsay b. 1681, in Ayr,
in 1695-1698 moved to Edinburgh.
In 1737, "Templar Knight, Andrew Michael Ramsay, Prince Charles Edward Stuart's tutor, held a public speech in Paris. In his speech, he claimed that Freemasonry had spread among the Crusaders and that they had founded the Lodge of St John.
Knight Ramsay was a Scott born in Ayr near Kilwinning".

The system of the Strict Observance grew out of what is known as Templarism. Templar Masonry commenced to grow up in France soon after true Freemasonry was introduced.
This was about 1725.
However, no Grand Lodge was established till 1752.

At the same time -
Louis-Cesar-Constantin de Rohan was the Knight of Malta before 1713.
Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697 - 1779), was the Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg in 1756-1779.

At the same time
Jean Luc Louis de Toux de Salvert / Toux de SALVERTE
acted together with
Jan Karol Mniszech (1716 - 1759), in 1742 in WISNIOWIEC by the Horyn river.

De Toux de Salverte stayed for some time in Bavaria [1745-1748], where he organized the Masons lodges, then he went to Poland and settled in Podhorce [RZEWUSKI], at the court of Waclaw Rzewuski.

At the same time,
Rabbi Samuel Jacob Falk or Szmuel Jakub Falk, 1708-1782, known as Hayyim Samuel Jacob Falk,
Kabbalist and alchemist, born in Pidhaytsi / PODHAJCE in Podolia, in 1708, was in BAVARIA [maybe in Furth / Fiurda, close to Nuremberg, the centres of the two cities being only 7 km; ca 1738/1740 ?], in BRUNSWICK; and [in 1735] in Westphalia
[SAMUEL FALK was in London after 1736/1737 or he arrived here before 1742 to Emanuel Swedenborg. Falk was living here until his death in 1782].

Falk's assistant was Tsvee Hirsch of KALISZ / Kalish.
Samuel Falk had performed in Brunswick, a special knowledge of chemistry.
The German Count Alexander Leopold Anton von Rantzau gave him refuge in Holzminden in 1736, were Samuel Falk made his kabbalistic performances witnessed by Alexander's son - Count Georg Ludwig Albrecht von Rantzau / de Rantzow - who gives a detailed account of these demonstrations.

From as early as 1738, traces of the Rite of Misraim can be found, which include alchemical, occult and Egyptian references, with a structure of 90 degrees.

It was SAMUEL FALK who sent CAGLIOSTRO on the mission of Egyptian Freemasonry.

Cagliostro with Althotas, the member of the Knights of St. John, visited Turkey in 1762, and they back to Malta.
Cagliostro again visited Malta after trips to North Africa
[compare Venture de Paradise in North Africa and in STAMBUL at the same time]
and Europe, where new Grand Master de ROHAN-POLDUC, grant him a chivalrous dignity. In 1776 Giuseppe Balsamo came to London [here Samuel Falk]. He learned about Freemasonry. He was admitted to the London 'Expectation' lodge on April 12, 1777 thanks to his influential friends. In England, he took the name of Count di Cagliostro. He wanted to reform this movement. In 1777 he was sent to prison for a short time; from London in 1778, went to the Netherlands, came to Paris in 1778. He found there a patron -
Cardinal Louis de Rohan.
From Paris in 1778, came to Germany, and the Great Poland to ADAM PONINSKI. He went to Konigsberg and in COURLAND, Mitau / Mitava [von MEDEM], and went to Saint Petersburg. Then from Warsaw, in a few months Cagliostro appears in Strazburg / Strasbourg in 1780; he met Cardinal Rohan, to play a prominent role in Paris in 1781.
In 1782, Cagliostro founded the Order of Egyptian Masonry and stood at its head. As the Great Kopta he organized the Egyptian rite lodges in: England, France, Germany and Russia.

Donme / DONMEH, the secretive ethnic group descended from followers of a Jewish clan
who make up much of the secular elite of Turkey. Donme is the Turkish word for apostate and refers to the Jews of the Near East who followed Sabbatai Zevi into Islam in 1666, but secretly remained Jews who continued practicing Jewish rituals.

Sabbatai Zevi, b. 1626, d. 1676, was a Sephardic rabbi, though of Romaniote origin. Alexandria, Athens, Constantinople, Jerusalem, and Smyrna were as temporary centers for DONME.

ZEVI settled in Cairo, where he resided for about two years, 1660 - 1662. Meanwhile Sabbatai secretly continued his plots, playing a double game.
Various groups called Donmeh continue to follow Sabbatai Zevi today in Turkey and in Greece.

Following the death of Shabbati Zevi, one of his disciples, Jacob Frank (1726 - 1791), continued the Sabbatean movement.

Jacob Frank (1726 - 1791) and the Frankists also became involved in international political intrigue, and sent secret emissaries to the Russian government and the Eastern Orthodox Church offering to help in the overthrow of Poland and the Catholic Church.

By 1786, Frank suffered temporary financial problems, and moved his court to Offenbach, near Frankfurt. There Frank's money problems were solved. The source of Frank's immense wealth is not clear. He may have used his movement's system of secret messengers to make the constant political turmoil involving Austria-Hungary, Turkey and the Balkans.

Jacob Frank then began collaborating with Adam Weishaupt, the Jewish Jesuit. The parents of Adam Weishaupt were Marranos.
The German Illuminati Order was not invented by Adam Weishaupt, but rather renewed and reformed.
Meyer Amschel Rothschild was acted in Frankfurt am Main, as early as 1764. The leader of the Cabala at that time, Jakob Frank, a Polish born Jew with the family name of Leibowicz, lived in Offenbach, the south of the city of Frankfurt, from 1786/1787.
Johann Adam Weishaupt was at Ingolstadt in 1770.
The Prieure de Sion is the secret society in Paris which oversees all other secret societies. It is the mysterious Illuminati, which had its origins in the Society of Ormus which was birthed in Alexandria, Egypt, whence it relocated to Calabria, Italy.

Meyer Amschel financed Adam Weishaupt and Jakob Frank laid the cabalistic theological foundation for the Order of the Illuminati.

The Donmeh / Donme, were a group of Sabbatean crypto-Jews in the Ottoman Empire. The movement was centered in Thessaloniki.
The first was formed in Izmir (Smyrna). The first schism created the sect of the Jakubi, founded by Jacob Querido (1650 - 1690), the brother of Zevi's last wife. The second split was of Berechiah Russo (1695 - 1740).
Missionaries from the Karakashi / Konioso of Russo were active in Poland in the first part of the 18th century and taught Jacob Frank (1726 - 1791).
The Lechli, of Polish descent, lived in exile in Thessaloniki and Constantinople.
Jacob Querido d. in 1690, in Alexandria, Egypt, but he was born in Thessaloniki. Querido converted to Islam taking his name as Yakup in 1687. In Turkey the modern form of Illuminati is known as the Donmeh.

FRANKISTS:

Anatol Rapoport, b. 1911, a Russian-Jewish-born American mathematical psychologist. Rapoport was born in Lozova, the Kharkov Governorate, Russia / Kharkiv Oblast into a secular Jewish family. His father was Munya Haim Ber (later Boris) Naftulevich Rapoport (1888-?) and the mother from Czerkasy. In 1921/1922 Anatol moved to US; he was a member of the American Communist Party for three years. A notable scholar of the Rapoport branch included R. Khaim Kohen Rapoport, who lived in Lviv and died there in 1771. He was one of the key "talmudists" involved in the Frankist debates set up by the Archbishop Dembowski in 1757. The Rapoport dynasty traces its roots back to Rabbi Jacob Emden (1697-1776).

ELISHA SCHOR, the first known of the Wolowski family, was a descendant of Zalman Naphtali Schor, rabbi of Lublin. For many years Elisha Schor held the position of Maggid in the community of ROHATYN / Rogatin, and was among the leaders of Shabbateanism in the southeastern part of the Polish Kingdom. In 1755, with his sons and his son-in-law Hirsch Shabbetais, the husband of his daughter Hayyah, joined the sect of Jacob Frank / JAKOB FRANK, whom he regarded as the loyal successor of Shabbateanism.
It was at Elisha's initiative and with his participation that the disputation with the rabbis was held at Kamieniec Podolski / Kamenets Podolski in June 1757; he also signed the Patshegen ha-Ta'anot ve-ha-Teshuvot ("Summary of the Arguments and the Replies").

An outright messianic movement developed around the person of one Shabbetai Tzvi (1626 - 1676) and his prophet, Nathan of Gaza. Nathan became a Roman Catholic, and the movement largely collapsed.
Jacob Frank's born as Yakov ben Judah Leib Frankovich (1726 - 1791). He was born in Podolia in Korolivka / Korolowka, a village located on the Tupa River in the Borshchiv District of Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. Korolivka is situated close Holovchyntsi village. Holovchyntsi - 45 km west to Skala Podolska of Kossakowska.
Jakob Frank was the son of a rabbi who traveled in the Middle East, in 1738. But in 1730 they moved home to CZERNIOWCE.
On Jakob's return to Poland in 1755, he founded the Frankists, a heretical Jewish sect that was an anti-Talmudic outgrowth of the mysticism of Sabbatai Zevi.
Frank born Jakub Lejbowicz in 1726, claimed to be the reincarnation of messiah Sabbatai Zevi (1626-1676). Jacob Frank maybe was born in Buchach / BUCZACZ, 39 km south-east to PODHAJCE. His father was a Sabbatean, and moved to CZERNIOWCE / Czernowitz, in 1730. Frank began to reject the Talmud.
Jakob Frank in 1738 joined his father on a business journey to Thessaloniki and he was introduced to Sabbatean circles in Thessaloniki.
Jakob Frank returned to Poland in 1755. As a traveling merchant in textile and precious stones he often visited Turkish territories, in Tesaloniki / Salonica and Smyrna. But they settled in Vallachia, part of the Ottoman Empire, and in Bukovina and Bucharest were he was learning the local Cabbalistic traditions of Judaism and learning Ladino, the language of the Sephardic Jews in the Balkans, and Turkish with Hebrew.

"In 1755 as a Sabbatian Messiah, Frank probably didn't know Polish nor Yiddish ... In the early 1750s, Frank became intimate with the leaders of the Sabbateans, like Osman Baba (d. 1720) in 1752, and the Donmeh in Salonica".
In Landskron / LANCKORONA his activity ended in a scandal. Frank was forced to leave Podolia. About 2000 Jews in Lvov in 1759, were accused of belonging to the Frankist cult, ie. the Sabbateans. The main concept in Sabbatean theology was from Shabtai Zvi.

"The sexual adventures reached the ears of the senior rabbis of Poland, after the Frankists held a rough sexual ceremony described by David Kahana, in 1756, in Lanckorona / Lanzkron, at Podolia".

Jacob Frank was jailed because his sexual antics.
He then converted to the Russian Orthodox Church.
By Dan Cohn-Sherbok in 1997:
In 1765 Frank planned to establish links with the Russian Orthodox Church and with the Russian government through a Russian ambassador in Warsaw, Prince REPNIN. At the end of the year a Frankist delegation went to Smolensk and Moscow. And they promised to instigate some pro-Russian activity among the Jews, but no details.
The clandestine links between the Frankist movement and the Russian authorities date from this time.
These plans became known to the Jews of Warsaw in 1767, and counter-delegation was sent to St Petersburg. Frankist propaganda spread once more through Jews in Volhynia, Hungary, Moravia and Bohemia. Liks were formed with secret Shabbateans in Germany.

Teomim of Horodenka was in ALTONA in 1764.

St. Germain, an Alsatian Jew, Simon Wolff by name, born at Strasbourg, had the title of the Count of St Germain during the early 1740s, called an Italian, a Spaniard, a Pole, was in London in 1745. St. Germain understood Polish and visited ALTONA close to Hamburg.
Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro) was the Freemason, and he called himself Philalethes. The 1785 congress convened by the Amis Reunis and the Philalethes was also attended by the Anton Mesmer, Comte St. Germain and Comte Cagliostro, another student of Rabbi Falk.
Cagliostro, had known all the secrets of Dr. Samuel Falk.
Catherine the Great was reportedly also associated with the Comte St. Germain. St. Germain was in St Petersburg, where he participated in a conspiracy when the Russian army assisted Catherine in usurping the throne from her husband Peter III of Russia.

At the same time
Althotas also been identified with Kolmer, the instructor of Adam Weishaupt, a German leader of the Illuminati, and at other times Althotas was identified with the Comte de Saint Germain. Althotas was born in southern of Denmark. Then he was living in Turkey, and EGYPT [Misraim in 1738 - London ?].
Tadeusz Grabianka was in Hamburg and Altona under the name of Slonskimp as the Illuminati.
Cagliostro had been initiated into the rite by the COMTE St. GERMAIN. The Comte de Saint Germain born ca 1691/1712, d. 1784, was a European alchemist. In 1779, St. Germain arrived in Altona in Schleswig, to Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel, who also had an interest in mysticism and in secret societies.

In Turkey, in the 2nd half of the 17th century, Donmeh / Donme, a group of Sabbatean crypto-Jews in the Ottoman Empire, was created as the political and religious movement.
The movement was centered in Thessaloniki were Jakob Frank was in 1738. Jakob Frank in 1738 joined his father on a business journey from Czerniowce to Thessaloniki and he was introduced to Sabbatean circles in Thessaloniki.

At the same time
SAMUEL FALK, known Frankist, was in London [after 1736/1737 or he arrived here before 1742] to Emanuel Swedenborg.
Teomim of Horodenka was in ALTONA [Hamburg] in 1764 and in 1767, as the Frankist. Here were living mainly Ashkenazic Jews.
Jonathan Eybeschutz born in Cracow in 1690, died in named Altona in 1764, was a Talmudist, Rabbi of the "Three Communities": Altona, Hamburg and Wandsbek. Jonathan Eybeschutz's grandson was Baron Thomas von Schoenfeld, an apostate Jew who inherited his grandfather's collection of Sabbatean kabbalistic works.
He founded a Masonic lodge called the Asiatische Bruder, one of four Illuminati lodges in Vienna.
After his uncle's death in 1791, he was offered the leadership of the Frankist movement which he refused.

ALTONA was visited by St Germain [St Germain known Catherine the Great of Russia]; the FRANKISTS movement; Tadeusz Grabianka of the Illuminati; maybe ALTHOTAS from Denmark was in Altona - he was friendly to Cagliostro and Manuel Pinto in MALTA.
In 1779, St. Germain arrived in Altona in Schleswig, to Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel. Altona is the westernmost part of Hamburg.

"Mateusz Mieses mentioned that a German work published in 1714 mentioned a Polish priest who allegedly converted to Judaism in Amsterdam. Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz also talked about Marcin Mikolaj Radziwill (1705 - 1781), who allegedly celebrated Sabbath and kashruth".

Marcin Mikolaj Radziwill, b. 1705, was the alchemist. The FRANKISTS leaders maintained a relationship with Prince Marcin Mikolaj Radziwill, b. 1705, who "showed interest in religious issues and who visited Yaakov Frank in 1759".
Marcin Mikolaj Radziwill of Ostrow Wielkopolski was the supporter of the FRANKISTS.
In 1765, Jakob Frank, known Sabbatean, planned to establish links with the Russian Orthodox Church and with the Russian government through a Russian ambassador in Warsaw, Prince REPNIN. At the end of the year a Frankist delegation went to Smolensk and Moscow.

Marcin Mikolaj Radziwill, b. 1705 in Ciemkowicze, General Lieutenant, d. 1782 in Sluck, the son of
Jan Mikolaj Radziwill [the co-owner of OSTROW WIELKOPOLSKI with the Przebendowskis],
and Dorota Henryka Przebendowska [b. ca 1680 ?] 2nd voto Franciszek Bielinski [1683 - 1766].

Marcin Mikolaj Radziwill, b. 1705, came from the same branch of the Radziwills as Stefania Julia Radziwill, the lady-owner of Miezonka in the Berezyna parish [in 1742, the land belonged to the Konstantynowiczs. Berezyna and Lubuszany were owned by the Potockis came from Artur Potocki, the Templar. Lubuszany is situated at half way from BEREZYNA to MIEZONKA] and as Stanislaw Radziwill, b. 1722, and his family: Soltan - Piottuch-Kublicki - Szumski - Konstantynowicz [the 40' of the 19th century].

Above Franciszek BIELINSKI, junior, b. 1683, was the son of
Kazimierz Ludwik Bielinski, 1650-1713,
and the grandson of
Franciszek Bielinski, senior, b. ca 1620, and Anna Akerstoff.

Above Kazimierz Ludwik Bielinski, b. ca 1650, d. 1713, the Crown Marshal in 1702-1713, in 1682 he married Ludwika Maria MORSZTYN, the daughter of Andrzej Morsztyn.
Kazimierz's sons:
1.
Franciszek Bielinski, junior, b. 1683 - 1766, the Crown Marshal in 1742-1766, the Chelmno governor in 1725-1732, m. above Dorota Przebendowska;
2.
Michal Bielinski [b. ca 1690] died 1746/1747, the Chelmno province governor in 1738, Sztum office, 1725 the King court, 1736-1742 in Kozlowka palace near by Lubartow;
m. 1st to Aurora Maria Rutowska, the daughter of Fryderyk August II and Fatima,
the grand-daughter of
Jan Jerzy II Saxon / Sas and Anna Zofia of Danmark, 2-v. Claude Marie de Bellegarde;
m. 2nd time to Tekla Peplowski, the grand-daughter of Jadwiga Niemyski, of the Kozlowka estate.

Michal's BIELINSKI [b. 1690] children:
1.
Stanislaw Kostka Bielinski [b. ca 1740 ?] died 1812 in Vicebsk / Witebsk, served on the court of the King Stanislaw August Poniatowski; the Marshal of the Parliament in 1793, m. Katarzyna nee Golicyn, b. 1775, d. 1825 [1770-1827] in Saratow.

His daughter was
Julia Stanislawowna Bobrynska nee Sonocka Bielinska / Bielinska, b. after 1790 / bef. 1804 - d. 1892 [1795-1892]; m. 1822; after death of husband she moved to Paris;
she was married to Pavel Alekseevich Bobrinski / Pawel Aleksiejewicz Bobrynski ie. Pawel Bobrynski / Bobrinski born on October 27, 1801, in Saint Petersburg
ie. Paul Bobrinsky, b. 1801 - died in Florence 1830
(see Oginski and Chodzko - Venture, Breguet, Sulkowski),
m. 1822 to Julia Junosza - Bielinska / Junosza Bielinski / Julia Junosha-Belinskaya, b. 5.2.1804 - Paris 15.9.1899 ?).

Pawel's daughter was
Julia Pawlowna Bobrynska / Julia Broel - Plater, Golabek - Jezierska, nee Bobrinski / Bobrynska, 1823 - 1899, married Waldemar Golabek-Jezierski, Count, b. 1822, died 1855 in Warsaw. He was son of Jan Nepomucen Pawel Golabek-Jezierski, Count, and Karolina.
Julia BOBRZYNSKA JEZIERSKA 2nd time married Cezar August Broel - Plater in 1859;
Cezar / Cezary August Plater was born on September 8, 1810, in Wilno or in Dusetos or was born as Cezary Augustus in 1808, died in 1877, a brother of Wladyslaw PLATER, has already been mentioned in association with Emilia PLATER.

Stefania Malachowska (1819 - 1852) was the daughter of Ludwik Jakub Malachowski and she was the 1st wife of count Cesar August Broel-Plater / Cezar August Broel - Plater.
Mother of count Ludwig Casimir Broel-Plater;
Maria Swiatopelk-Czetwertynska;
countess Hedwig Stefania;
Kazimierz Broel-Plater and
Jozef Broel-Plater.

Above Count Cezary Augustus PLATER (1808/1810 in WILNO - 1877 in GORA), a brother of Wladyslaw, has already been mentioned in association with Emilia Plater. At the time of Emilia's illness he proceeded to Warsaw where he signed "the access to the insurrection by the the citizen's of the province of Vilna", and two days later was elected as a Member of Parliament.
In Paris he established the Lithuanian Society and was a great help to Poles who had emigrated to France, making representations to the French Government on their behalf.
After returning to Poland he became active in Poznan politics for 25 years.
CEZAR AUGUST was the son of Graf Kazimierz Wladyslaw von Broel Plater, 1779 - 1819 in St Petersburg.
The grandson of Jan von Broel Plater b. 1759, d. 1789.
Jan had also a daughter Kunegunda Oginska, b. 1783 - Kunegunda Oginska d. 1842/1865; wife of Gabriel Jozef Andrzej Oginski, the son of Ignacy Oginski.

BIALACZOW:

KONSKIE was owned by the grandson of the chancellor, Jan Stanislaw Malachowski, the son of Mikolaj, the owner of the Konskie in 1793 for over half a century. He brought Italian architect Franciszek Marie Lanci, and in his estate built the
Egyptian Orangery, decorated with hieroglyphs and statues [the Illuminati ?];
the estate was grown in the Malachowski period, and later Tarnowski, subsequent owners of Konskie - east to ZARNOW.

The Opoczno County of Sandomierz Province, remained part of it until the Partitions of Poland. Bialaczow was a private town, 8 km south to Opoczno. In 1727 Bialaczow was owned by Malachowski, and during the 19th century.
In the late 18th and early 19th century it belonged to Stanislaw Malachowski, who in neighboring villages opened several early industry factories. Inf. in 1787 on Stanislaw Malachowski. In 1795, Bialaczow found itself in the Austrian Empire, and later on, it became part of the Duchy of Warsaw; since 1815 in the Russian-controlled Congress Kingdom. Its coat of arms was devised by Stanislaw Malachowski in 1787.
Stanislaw Malachowski built industrial plants in Petrykozy, Ruda / Ruda Bialaczowska, Parczow.

In 1888, Bialaczow with the palace took Ludwik Broel-Plater, and his grandson Zygmunt Plater built a brickyard and sawmill in Petrykozy.

Above Stanislaw Malachowski (1736 - 1809) the owner of Bialaczow and others estates in the Opoczno county. Before him Bialaczow belonged to Odrowaz, Kochanowski, Dembinski, then to Malachowski and Plater.
Above
Count Zygmunt Broel-Plater, 1907-1980,
was the son of
Edward Cezar Marian Broel-Plater born in 1871 in NIEKLAN in the KONECKI county and he died in 1958 + Janina Tyszkiewicz, b. 1877 in WAKA - d. 1928;
and the grandson of mentioned
Ludwik Kazimierz Alojzy Broel-Plater, 1844-1909;
and the great-grandson of
Cezar August Broel-Plater, 1810-1869 married to Stefania Malachowska, 1819-1852,
the daughter of Ludwik Jakub Jan Malachowski, 1785-1856;
the granddaughter of Antoni Malachowski, 1740-1796
and the great-granddaughter of
Jan Malachowski, 1698-1762 + Izabela Humiecka, 1700-1783.

Mentioned Cezar August Broel-Plater or Cezary Plater, born in Wilno, died in 1869 in Gora close to SREM, insurgent in 1830. The son of
Kazimierz Wladyslaw Broel-Plater, 1779-1819 in St Petersburg + Eleonora Apolinara Zaba, 1784-1847 in Wilno.

Cezar August PLATER m. 1st in 1843 in Dresden, to Stefania Malachowska, born 1819; and he was married 2nd time in 1859 to
Julia Pavlovna Bobrinskaya, born 1823 in Saratov, d. in 1899 in Nice, France,
the daughter of
Pavel Alexeievich BOBRINSKI, 1801-1830, m. Julia Bielinska, 1804-1899,
and Julia BIELINSKA was the daughter of STANISLAW BIELINSKI.

CEZAR AUGUST PLATER had 2 sons including Cezary Broel-Plater, and Ludwik Kazimierz Alojzy Broel-Plater, b. in 1844 in Gora.

Above Pavel / Pawel Bobrzynski / Paul Bobrinsky b. 1801, had sibilings:
A.
Wassili Bobrinsky, 1st m. 1824 to Pss Lydia Gortschakova b. 1807, 2nd m. 1830 to Sofia Sokownina b. 1812, 3rd m. 1869 to Alexandra Utschakova.
B.
Alexei Bobrinsky, 1800 - 1868, m. 1821 to Css Sophia Samojlowa, b. 1799.

2.
We back to Michal's BIELINSKI [b. 1690] children [1. Stanislaw Kostka Bielinski, b. ca 1740, died 1812 in Vicebsk / Witebsk, served on the court of the King Stanislaw August Poniatowski]:
Elzbieta Bielinska [Izabela Elzbieta Bielinska, 1740-1814] m. 1779 in Mogilany to Franciszek Wielopolski;
3.
Franciszek Bielinski / Franciszek Onufry Bielinski, b. 1740/1742 in Krzemieniec, died in 1809, in 1776 the member of Nat. Educ. Com., in 1794 the Kosciuszko Uprising, owner of Kozlowka until 1799, and the Otwock palace, m. Krystyna Sanguszko.

My family - Kiedrzynski - was living close to named above Ostrow Wielkopolski from the 40' of the 18th century - the Sobotka parish; the Raszkow parish.
They intermarried with the Nostitz-Jackowski family and the Pstrokonski clan [after ca 1736].

Jan Nepomucen Ksawery Nostitz-Jackowski born 1770, was the son of Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski and Marianna nee Kczewska / Marcianna Antonie Barbara Nostitz-Jackowska [Marianna Kczewski / Marcianna Antonie Barbara Nostitz-Jackowska Kczewska, born in Straszewo, near by Kwidzyn - Malbork. The wife of Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski].

Aleksander Jackowski was born in 1729 ie. Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski, b. ca 1729 - d. 1802 in the Nogat river close to Malbork.
The son of Michal Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1705, d. ca 1766.
The grandson of Jan Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1670.

Antoni Skorzewski, 1710 - 1766 m. Anna Nostitz - Jackowska [Anna Skorzewska born Nostitz-Jackowska], ca 1710/1715 - 1768. Anna was the daughter of above Jan Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1670.

Anna Skorzewska Jackowska had one sister Franciszka Nostitz-Jackowski married Kiedrzynska.
Franciszka JACKOWSKA married Andrzej Kiedrzynski b. 1715/1720, then he was the owner of Bieganin close to RASZKOW.
Her son Jakub Kiedrzynski was the posesor of Orpiszewek close to PLESZEW.
Jakub's brother was IZYDOR Kiedrzynski - my line.

TADEUSZ Swiatopelk-Mirski b. ca 1760 and Jan SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI b. ca 1770, m. Tekla Burgundyfera Despot-Zenowicz, probably were the brothers of Franciszek Ksawery SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI, b. ca 1760, married to Katarzyna Badowska, 1764 - 1843, who had the son
Tomasz Bogumil Swiatopelk - Mirski, 1788, d. 1868.

Franciszek Ksawery SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI, b. ca 1760, married to Katarzyna Badowska, 1764 - 1843; they had the mentioned son Tomasz Bogumil Swiatopelk - Mirski, 1788, d. 1868, m. Marcianna / Marianna Nostitz-Jackowska [net to my family Kiedrzynski]. Tomasz Bogumil Jan Swiatopelk-Mirski (1788-1868) fought in the November Uprising in 1830.

Marianna Nostitz-Jackowska had 3 other sibilings: Daniela Joanna Marciana / Marcjanna Nostitz-Jackowska, born 1807 - died 27.10.1853; her brother was Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski, 1821 - 1910, with his daughter Leonarda Kielczewska.

Marianna was the daughter of Jan Nepomucen married 2nd to Petronela nee Drywa-Zakrzewska in 1804, born 1776 / 1780.

Jan Nepomucen had one brother Hipolit Nostitz-Jackowski.

Jan Nepomucen Ksawery Nostitz-Jackowski
was the son of
Marianna Kczewski / Marcianna Antonie Barbara Nostitz-Jackowska Kczewska, born in Straszewo, near by Kwidzyn. Marianna KCZEWSKI was daughter of Andrzej Kczewski and Marianna;
wife of Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski.

Aleksander Jackowski was born in 1729 ie. Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski, ca 1729 - 1802 in the Nogat river close to Malbork.
The son of Michal Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1705, d. ca 1766.
The grandson of Jan Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1670.

Antoni Skorzewski, 1710 - 1766 m. Anna Nostitz - Jackowska, ca 1710/1715 - 1768. Anna was the daughter of above Jan Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1670.
Franciszka Nostitz-Jackowski married Kiedrzynska had one sister, named above Anna Skorzewska born Nostitz-Jackowska.
Franciszka JACKOWSKA married Andrzej Kiedrzynski b. 1715/1720, then he was the owner of Bieganin close to RASZKOW. Above
Tomasz Bogumil Jan Swiatopelk-Mirski 1788-1868, Duke in 1861.
His son:
Dmitrij Hariton Ruryk Miron back to Russia in 1840, 1841 served at Caucasus. Dmitri / Dmitry Ivanovich / Dmitrij, born in 1824 or 1825 - d. 1899, Infantry General and politician, Caucasus and Russo-Turkish wars, member of the State Council of Imperial Russia;
his son
Pyotr Dmitrievich Svyatopolk-Mirsky (1857 - 1914), the governor of Penza and Vilna governments, Minister of Interior of Russia.
Dmitrij's brothers and sisters:
1.
Boleslawa Rodys 1831 - 1915, wife of Wilhelm Rodys, mother of Pelagia Joanna Findeisen

[Pelagia Joanna b. 1849 in Lublin - 1875 in Smilowice, wife of Gustaw Adolf Findeisen, and she was mother of
a.
Jadwiga Pawinska
(1868-1924, married in 1886, social activist,
had a son Thaddeus, philologist;
her husband
Pawinski Joseph (1851-1925), a doctor of the Hospital of the Infant Jesus and St. Spirit in Warsaw, the Polish co-founder of cardiology. Born in Zgierz, was the son of John and Amalia Krohn and was brother of Adolf; schools in Leczycy and in Warsaw, studied medicine at Imperial Univ. in Warsaw 1869-1874. He worked then at the clinic of diagnostic under Ignacy Baranowski.
His brother was Adolf Stanislaw Pawinski, b. 1840 in Zgierz, d. 1896 in Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Polish historian, archivist
and assistant professor of the Warsaw School of Economics and professor of general history of the Imperial University of Warsaw. In 1862 Pawinski moved to the University of Dorpat in Estonia, 1864 he received the degree of Candidate of Sciences.
Theodore Witte from Dorpat, admitted Pawinski to study abroad. First, he moved to Berlin, where he met Ranke. Later, he attended lectures of Jaffe and Droysen. He then went to Gottingen, 1868, after returning to Polish has been an associate professor at the Warsaw School of Economics and the Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw),
b.
Stanislaw Findeisen (1873-1970) + Alicja Paulina Handke 1896 - 1994
(her parents Hugo Handke and Matylda Zalern; Alicja Paulina Handke born in Pultusk and died in Warszawa;
her son:
Wladyslaw Findeisen, b. January 28, 1926 in Poznan,
Polish engineer, a professor of technical sciences, rector of the Technical University of Warsaw (1981-1985), automatic, co-founder of systems theory in the context of the wider science of control / adjustment, the chairman of the Primate Social Council, a senator I and II term in Warsaw. Knight of the Order of the White Eagle);
c.
Tadeusz Findeisen 1875-1948 + Aniela Niemirowicz-Szczytt - Jastrzebiec 1889-1975:
his children:
Gustaw Findeisen b. 1912 Smilowice, d. 1992 in Warszawa;
Andrzej Findeisen 1915 - 1944 with daughters:
c1. Bellert Zieleniewska,
c2. Grocholska]

and next daughter of above Boleslawa Rodys 1831 - 1915, was Zofia Joanna Saturnina Sliwicka;
and next brothers and sister of above Dmitrij Hariton Ruryk Miron:
2. Ekaterina d. 1879;
3. Vladymir 1823 - 1861.

4.
Mikolaj / Nicholas Ivanovitch Sviatopolk-Mirski 1833 - 1898; a godson of Tsar Nicolas II, and was "aide de camp" of the Tsar, General-Adjutant 1874 (1877-1878 war),
the Caucasus wars,
member of the State Council of Imperial Russia, 1881-1898 The Don Cossack chief;
1891 he bought at Princess Mary Lvovna Hohenlohe-Schillingsfurst the estate of Zamir, located in the Minsk government, the Novogrudek county, after death of Adjutant-General Prince Peter L. Sayn-Wittgenstein Berleburg;
1898 Member of the State Council;
he died at his estate Mir;
1st m. Princess Vera Ilyitchnina Gruzinsky / Grouzinzky in Tiflis, Georgia on 4 May 1860; 1842-1861 or 1863,
the daughter of Ilija Georgijevich,
with son Ilija, junior;
2nd m. in St. Petersburg in 14 April 1868 to Cleopatre Mikhailovna Khanykov, 1845-1910.

We show other Straszewo / Dietrichsdorf, in the Kwidzyn county, close to Ryjewo.
The owners:
Jerzy Konopacki in 1604, Albert Schach von Wittenau in 1676, widowed Margareta Schach von Wittenau in 1682,
Antoni Kczewski bef. 1768,
General Ksawery Trzcinski / Xawery Kanden-Trzcinski in 1768.

From 'Archiwum Radziwillowskie' I read on P. Kczewski wrote a letter to K. Radziwill, in Dzierzgon in 1717; in 1718 Bishop Teodor Potocki acted together with the governor of Malbork, Piotr Kczewski. P. Kczewski wrote to K. Radziwill from Nowy Dwor in 1716; and in Szynwald in 1717.

Named above Straszewo is situated at half way from Malbork to Kwidzyn.

Compare:
Jozef Nostitz-Jackowski, 1767 - 1833 in Skarlin, 13 km to Nowe Miasto Lubawskie,
was the son of
Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski and Dorota.
JOZEF was the husband of Jozefina CISOWSKA of NARAMICE, the Wielun county;
JOZEF was the half brother of Jan Nepomucen Ksawery Nostitz-Jackowski married to Marcianna Antonie Barbara Nostitz-Jackowska, nee Kczewska.
Marcianna was born in 1745 in Straszewo, close to Aleksandrow County, or close to Kwidzyn. Marcianna wa the daughter of Andrzej Kczewski died in 1761, and Marianna PAWLOWSKA, Kczewska died in 1787, the daughter of Kazimierz PAWLOWSKI.

Above Andrzej Kczewski, ca 1700 - 1761 in NOGAT; the son of Michal Stanislaw Kczewski [the Inflanty official] Jr., and Barbara Elzbieta.
Andrzej was the father of
Bogumila Marianna Kalkstein;
and Marcianna Antonie Barbara Nostitz-Jackowska.

Above Michal Stanislaw Kczewski Jr., ca 1660 /1670 - 1732, the son of Michal Wladyslaw Kczewski, Sr., b. ca 1630, and Zuzanna.
Michal junior was the husband of Barbara Elzbieta REXIN, Kczewska and Christine RYBINSKA.

Above Jozefina Nostitz-Jackowska, b. CISOWSKA in 1772 in Naramice, d. 1846, ie. Naramice, a village in the Biala community, within the Wielun County; 16 km south-east to GALEWICE. In 1809, General Jozef Biernacki (1774-1834) moved home here; in 1861, Honoriusz Biernacki was the owner.

Marcin Mikolaj Radziwill, b. 1705, was the alchemist.
He married 1st to BELCHACKA, 2nd to Martha Maria Trebicka or Marta Trembicka.
He was the owner of Ostrow Wielkopolski and Przygodzice close to southern border of named Ostrow [9 km to south].
Przygodzice owned Jan Jerzy Przebendowski, General-major in 1728, the Malbork governor in 1697-1703, the Chelmno governor in 1693, the father of Dorota Henrietta Przebendowska [1682-1755] married Jan Mikolaj Radziwill.
Marcin Mikolaj Radziwill was the son of Jan Mikolaj Radziwill and named Dorota Henryka / Dorota Henrietta Przebendowska, 2nd voto Franciszek Bielinski.

Przebendowska married Radziwill in 1704. Jan Mikolaj Radziwill was now the co-owner of Przygodzice. In 1755, Marcin Mikolaj Radziwill took Przygodzice.

Raszkow of Kiedrzynski - Arnold - Skorzewski line is situated 13 km north-west to named Ostrow Wielkopolski. BRYGIDA BARDZKA Walknowska had with JAKUB Kiedrzynski two daughters:
1.
Juliana Konstancja Kiedrzynska ARNOLD, b. 1770/1772 in Sobotka, married 2nd in 1798, to Jan Arnold, 1751/1758-1840, the owner of Pecherzow.
Juljanna Kiedrzynski [2nd], b. ca 1770 / or in 1772-1811, was 1st married Ruszkowska, widowed, the owner of Wierzchoslaw / Wierzchoslawice. Witness Maciej Bogdanski, official in KALISZ.
Jan ARNOLD leased - in 1789 - from Weronika Garczynska, wife of General Garczynski, Gostkowo. Gostkowo is a village 11 km north-east of Torun. Above Jan / Jan Antoni Arnold was the owner of Raszkow, and of Pecherzew. Pecherzow / PECHERZEW - 8 km north-east to Turek and 19 km north to DOBRA. Jan Arnold was born in 1751/1758, widowed bef. 1798.
Jan was married in Oct. 1798 to Julianna Kiedrzynska, born 1772 or in 1770, widowed bef. 1798 after the death of her husband Ruszkowski [marriage ca 1790 - 1796], and she was the owner of Wierzchoslaw / Wierzchoslawice. Julianna was born in 1772 in the Sobotka parish, close to Raszkow. Sobotka - 17 km north-east to RASZKOW; 4 km south-west to KARSY of Bona Kiedrzynska.
Julianna Arnold Ruszkowska Kiedrzynska had the daughter Teofila Domicela Arnold, in April 1801 in the Raszkow parish.
Jan Arnold, the son of Maciej Arnold and Bogumila, was the leaseholder of Raszkow in 1802 from Helena Kiedrzynska, widowed after death of her husband in Jedlno, Izydor Kiedrzynski, my branch.
Julianna Arnold Ruszkowska Kiedrzynska had the next daughter Helena Arnold, b. in Piaski in May 1802 [Piaski, 4 km north to Ostrow Wielkopolski of the Radziwills];
and the son Mateusz Jozef Arnold, in September 1803 in the Raszkow parish.
Mentioned Wierzchoslawice - close to Gniewkowo; 16 km north-east to INOWROCLAW, and 26 km north-east to PAKOSC. Wierzchoslawice belonged in 1846 to Geschke, and in 1860 to Handtke.
2.
Petronela Kiedrzynska.
Above PETRONELA KIEDRZYNSKA married to Melchior Jan Pradzynski [compare the Pradzynskis owners of Wola Wiazowa, and the Kiedrzynskis in WOLA WIAZOWA - the Kiedrzynski family of the author to this domain].

MACIEJ's Mielzynski children:
1.
Elzbieta Mielzynska, m. Franciszek Wessel, official in Zakroczym. Elzbieta Mielzynska, 1687-1716. Franciszek Wessel, official in Zakroczym, 1680-1724, was the brother of Augustyn Adam Wessel; and of Wojciech Wessel who was the father of
famous Teodor Wessel, 1730-1791 - the supporter of Adam Poninski junior.
ELZBIETA had the son Stanislaw Wessel, b. 1716, and the granddaughter Jozefa Wessel married to Jan Kajetan Benedykt ILINSKI b. 1731, with the son
Jozef August Ilinski, the Tadeusz Grabianka's supporter.
Count August Ilinski, b. 1766 in Romanow in the Nowogrod Wolynski county, and died in St Petersburg in 1844;
2.
Urszula MIELZYNSKA + Antoni Walknowski. Urszula MIELZYNSKA Walknowski was the mother of Owidiusz Wierusz-Walknowski - the husband of BRYGIDA BARDZKA. BRYGIDA BARDZKA was the daughter of Wojciech Marek Bardzki d. 1770. Brygida married 2nd to Jakub Kiedrzynski of KALISZ, the son of Andrzej Kiedrzynski, b. 1715/1720.
Ewa Franciszka Agnieszka Rokossowska married 1st Bonawentura Wierusz-Walknowski, who was the brother of named OWIDIUSZ WALKNOWSKI.
Bonawentura Wierusz-Walknowski b. 1720, was the son of Antoni WALKNOWSKI and Urszula Mielzynska.
3.
Marianna Krystyna;
4. and son
Krzysztof Ignacy Mielzynski b. 1670, d. in Pawlowice in 1721, in 1693 official in KCYNIA; in 1717 governor of Przemet.

Marcin Mikolaj Radziwill of Ostrow Wielkopolski was the supporter of the FRANKISTS.

In 1765, Jakob Frank, known Sabbatean, planned to establish links with the Russian Orthodox Church and with the Russian government through a Russian ambassador in Warsaw, Prince REPNIN. At the end of the year a Frankist delegation went to Smolensk and Moscow.

Eustachy Chrapowicki senior / Eustachy Jozef Chrapowicki, 1730-1791, senior, the judge in Polotsk, in 1765 the Swolna estate owner,
inf. in Starodub in 1765, 1775, married twice: in 1779, 2nd to Teresa Szczyt / Teresa Niemirowicz-Szczytt 1730-1778, with a son
Jozef Chrapowicki {junior}, 1750-1812, who married 2nd Pss Magdalena Oginska, b. ca 1750 / 1760 {her brother was Ignacy Oginski b. 1755, d. 1787, m. Jozefa}.
Jozef Chrapowicki junior, divorced with 1st wife Franciszka Hryniewiecka (she m. Woynillowicz).
JOZEF junior Chrapowicki + MAGDALENA's sons:
A.
Antoni Chrapowicki, b. ca 1780 {Anthony, 1775-1851}, married Ewelina SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI, b. ca 1790 / ? 1800 {Ewelina Kamilla Ewa Swiatopelk-Mirska}.
Antoni Chrapowicki married twice, 1st to unknown Wolska b. 1790; 2nd to Ewelina.

Ewelina SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI was a daughter of Stanislaw Wojciech SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI (1756-1805), the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Writer, and Stanislawa Koszczyc.
B.
Michal Chrapowicki

{Michal Mikolaj Chrapowicki b. 1780 / Michal Chrapowicki, Marschal of Dzisna county, and Minsk Province, owner of Jasnogorki and Korolla in Zmudz, and Prozorok in the county of Dzisna, m. 1st Joanna Okuszkowna / Joanna Okuszko, with a son
Kazimierz Chrapowicki
and a daughter.

Named Kazimierz Chrapowicki 1817-1881 married to Adela Ciechanowiecka 1823-1887.
KAZIMIERZ's half-brother was Arkadiusz Chrapowicki / Arkady, m. to Stefania JULIA Radziwill.

Michal Chrapowicki with his second wife, Jozefa Korsak, had the son Arkadyusz married Stefania Julia Radziwill, 1825-1896.
STEFANIA RADZIWILL was the owner of MIEZONKA - see Dominik Konstantynowicz, his son Antoni Konstantynowicz, the grandson Stanislaw Konstantynowicz + Anna Malkiewicz}.

We back to Stanislaw Wojciech Swiatopelk Mirski b. 1756,
who had brothers:
Tomasz b. 1738, the Brasław marshal,
Boguslaw b. ca 1750, an official in Brasław,
and sister Anna b. ca 1760 married Tadeusz Swiatopelk-Mirski b. ca 1760.

Mentioned TADEUSZ Swiatopelk-Mirski b. ca 1760, was the son of Jan Stanislaw SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI, b. ca 1720, d. 1761, and Joanna Rymsza.

TADEUSZ Swiatopelk Mirski b. ca 1760 maybe was the brother of Jan SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI b. ca 1770, m. Tekla Burgundyfera Despot-Zenowicz,
who had son JAN Swiatopelk Mirski and
a granddaughter
Natalia Swiatopelk Mirska, b. 1828, married Eugeniusz BOUVIE / Bouvier of SZUMSK
- see the Szumskis and Konstantynowicz.

Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Bouvier, born in 1770 [maybe ca 1775 ?] in Vesoul and killed on November 18, 1812 during the Battle of Krasnoi in Russia, is a French soldier, created baron of Empire by Napoleon in 1810. Probably he is the same figure as Eugene's parents:
Jean Baptiste Joseph de BOUVIE, Officer and doctor, who had a child with EVELYNE MORASKA / Ewelina Morawska / Evelyne de MORASKA, b. ca 1795, d. in 1879
[her son was the child born out of wedlock ?].

Jan Swiatopelk-Mirski / Iwon Mirski, b. ca 1787 / 1790, the owner of Kamienpol, died in MIORY in 1849, the Braslaw county; the marshal of the DZISNA county in 1812,
married Michalina Osmulska (1799-1835),
with daughter Natalia Mirska b. ca 1828, m. Eugene Bouvie - Bouvier / Eugeniusz Bouvie, b. 1813, that is Natalia de Bouvie (Swiatopelk-Mirski).

Natalia Mirska / Nathalia Herminie Micheline Jeronime SWIATOPELK MIRSKA, Pss, born ca 1828 in Kamienpol in the Vilnius governorate; died in 1887 in Versailles, FRANCE.
NATALIA was the wife of Eugeniusz de Bouvie, and mother of Michel Adalbert Jean de Bouvie born 1859.
Sister of Klaudia Jesman and Wieslaw Swiatopelk-Mirski.

Named Michel Adalbert Jean Chrysosthome de BOUVIE was born in Vilnius / WILNO in 1859.
His father, mentioned Eugene Louis Dominique de BOUVIE, baron, born in 1813, near Vilna / WILNO - 32 km - in Choumsk, that is SZUMSK / Sumskas / Slobodka - Polany [of the SZUMSKI family - see Konstantynowicz], died in 1879 - Loivre, Marne, Champagne- Ardenne, FRANCE. Doctor and surgeon; De Bouvie, baron, was living in Wilno, in 1857.

Named SZUMSK, owned, at the beginning of the 19th cent., by Ludwik Szumski, d. 1825; he built a palace, and Wincenty Smokowski [see Konstantynowicz and Oginski !] painted a polychromes in the SZUMSK Palace.

Eugene's father:
Jean Baptiste Joseph de BOUVIE, Officer and doctor, born ca 1785 or in 1770. Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Bouvier, born in 1770 in Vesoul, created baron of Empire, maybe his son was born 1813 in Wilno, after death of father; the child born out of wedlock.

Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Bouvier was the son of Claude Joseph Bouvier, merchant in Vesoul, native of Poligny (Jura) and Jeanne Barbe Leclerc, also from a family of merchants established in Vesoul at the end of 17th century, originating from Lorraine.

Note on the SZUMSKI family:

Oktawia Piottuch-Kublicka b. ca 1810, married 1st to Jozef Szumski b. ca 1780 / 1800
[maybe the brother of IGNACY SZUMSKI / Ignatius Shumsky, b. ca 1800, of Chobienice],
and she was married second to Dominik Konstantynowicz of MIEZONKA [the 40' of the 19th cent.].
Her sister Emilia Piottuch- Kublicka b. 1803 + Wincenty Smokowski.

Jozef Szumski b. ca 1780 / 1800, supposedly lost a large landed estate. He never left the home without the box of dueling pistols. He known Duke Wittgenstein; that is
Ludwik Adolf Fryderyk Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn (1799-1866) who in 1828 married Stefania Radziwill, daughter of Dominik Radziwill.
Stefania was the land owner of 12 thousands of square kilometers; she had children:
Maria (1829-1897) and
Piotr Sayn Wittgenstein (1831- 1887).
Stefania died in 1832, and in 1834 Ludwik Adolf Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn married Pss Leonilla Bariatinska with 4 children:
Fryderyk Sayn Wittgenstein (1836-1909),
Antonina (1839-1918),
Ludwik Sayn Wittgenstein (1843-1876),
and Aleksander Sayn Wittgenstein.

JOZEF's son, Wilhelm Szuman Szumski / WILHELM SZUMSKI [b. ca 1835 / 1840 ?], was no longer the landowner; he was the administrator of estates. He was the main manager of the prince Wittgenstein who had a huge land and forests, and a number of estates in the SLUCK county!

Son of above WILHELM SZUMSKI -
Ignacy Szumski / Ignatius Shumsky [b. ca 1880 ?] who was born in the Wittgenstein estate - property Isern / Iserna near the town of Sluck / Slutsk - 15 km.
Named Wilhelm and his wife Wilhelmina Szuman Szumski had 6 children:
Maria, Jozef, Jadwiga, Ignacy, Felicja, and Michalina.
above Maria m. Dubiski;
above named Jozef Szumski, younger, was doctor and was living at Caucasus;
Jadwiga m. Borowiski, lived in Nieswiez, died after 1920.
Ignacy Szumski, younger, studied in Sluck; then in Dorpat / Tartu in Estonia; worked at Caucasus; but Borowiski / Borowski who was doctor for Poklewski in Talica, taken named Ignacy Szumski, younger, to Wincenty Poklewski KOZIELL.

Mentioned above Wincenty Poklewski Koziell [Wincenty Stanislaw Koziell Poklewski - he was born 1853 and died 1929, see my page on the Revolution 1917], was the son of insurgent of 1863, who was exiled to Siberia. The Koziell Poklewski family had a mine of gold and platinum in the Urals, its own breweries in Talica, own houses in the larger cities, its own railway line, built at his own expense, the station Poklewskaja.

The KOZIELL POKLEWSKI home:

Alfons POKLEWSKI, the Roman Catholic religion, was born 1809 or 1810 in the Bykov area of the Vitebsk District that is Bykowszczyzna [then here were the Konstantynowiczs], in the Vicebsk government, after high school in Polock, then in Vilnius, and St Petersburg, 1838 West Siberie and Perm, Ural, Tobolsk, Tiumen, Jekaterynburg (near to the Szumski family), Omsk, Tomsk, Czelabinsk acc. to Antoni Kuczynski. Died in 1890.
His father name Tomasz Koziell Poklewski that is Foma Koziell Poklewski, officer in Polock and was born ca 1780.
His next of kin: Jozef son of Jan and Jozefa nee von Tolensdorff, was exiled to Siberie after 1863.

Alfons Koziell Poklewski had 5 children:
1.
WLADYSLAW Poklewski - Koziell, b. 1866 in Belarus, tsarist colonel, served in Russian Army as engineer; Polish Army since November 1918, general in 1919;
2.
Wincenty Stanislaw Koziell Poklewski, was born 1853 and died 1929, the son of Alfons Koziell Poklewski, 1809 or 1810 - 1890. Wincenty Stanislaw was a member of the State Administration of Trade 1907 - 1912,
according to Tatiana Pietrovna Mosunov and he was related to Hotowski i.e. Gatovskij, Slotwinski from Ravanicy / RAWANICZE, and Malkiewicz, too.

Vincent Stanislav Koziell Poklewski, 1853 - 1929. State Councillor, entrepreneur, since 1890 managing 'Heirs of A. F. Poklevski Kozell' Company. Since 1878 in the public service. Shadrinsk 1878-1881; Ufa 1885-1886; Vjatsk classical gymnasium 1892-1898.
Since 1883 - of the Perm province; the Shadrinsk County in 1905-1907, the Kamyshlovsky County; in 1903 to 1918 Yekaterinburg classic men's gymnasium. Honorary member of the Ural Society of Naturalists.
Chairman of the Siberian Branch of the Yekaterinburg Trade Bank, a member of the board of the Volga-Kama Bank.
In Tyumen, Yekaterinburg; in 1907-1912 Member of the State Council of Trade.
He owned in 1903 in Vitebsk province, the Bykovschizna estate / Bykowszczyzna;
in the Minsk province in Bobruisk County - Krasny Brzeg / Krasnyj Bereg;
in the Vyatka province - the iron mining and ironworks in Glazov County - Upper and Lower Zalazinskii iron foundry.
In Ufa province at the Sofia village farm;
the Orenburg province - Demarin estate.
In the province of Perm - Tyushevskii estate.
In Tobolsk province of Turin county; in the district of Tobolsk;
in the province of Perm - Ertarskaya and Sarsinskaya factory.
Stone houses in St. Petersburg, Perm, Ekaterinburg, Kamyshlov, Shadrinsk, Verkhoturye, Krasnoufimsk, Nizhny Tagil, Kushvinsky plant, Birsk, Tobolsk, Tyumen, Kurgan, Semipalatinsk, Omsk, Pavlodar. Trading House "Heirs of A. F. Poklewski-Koziell" / Pakleuski Kozell - the Company founder was Alfons Fomich Poklevskii-Kozell / Alfons Koziell Poklewski who in 1869 bought a large estate in Kurgan, built here a stone wine warehouse.

Vincent Stanislav Koziell Poklewski also owned gold mines in several provinces, copper and silver mines. Since 1919 in exile.
His wife Jozefa Maria, the daughter of Michael Gatovsky, that is Maria Hattowska, 1858-1949, lived in Yekaterinburg.
3.
Stanislaw Koziell Poklewski, the second son of Alfons Koziell Poklewski.
Stanislaw Koziell Poklewski was born 1868 and died after 1930, in 1897-1901 Tokio, in 1901-1909 London, 1909-1912/13 Persia, in 1913 to November 1917 in Romania!
Witte saw alliances with Russia as potentially deadly entrapments, opposed the Anglo - Russian Convention. On his return from Portsmouth in 1905, in Paris, such an entente was proposed by the Russian diplomat Stanislaw Poklewski - Koziell.
The Russian emperor Nicholas II believed the British are enemies.
Then Stanislaw Poklewski / Poklevski Koziell long urged Graf Witte, that Russia should enter - after the Peace of Portsmouth - in agreement with England, in order to put an end to the misunderstanding in Persia, Afghanistan, Tibet and other issues. King Edward was near by this diplomat. Witte honestly said that it is desirable to establish good relations between Britain and Russia, but without spoiling the existing relationships to the continental European powers.

Witte presented Poklevski-Koziell in Paris:
"That should be in my opinion, our policy in the west and in the east it is necessary to set up good relations with Japan. Russia desired peace, at least for a few decades...".

An agreement between Russia and England proposed Stanislaw Poklewski Koziell and under his influence Izvolsky.
In 1911, Poklewski-Koziell would be in Tehran as one of Morgan Shuster's primary adversaries.
In Paris, Witte also met the Russian Ambassador to Paris, Alexander Izvolsky, who made a proposition for an Anglo-Russian entente.

Stanislaw Poklewski-Koziell, was personal friend with Edward VII, supported Izvolsky financially.
On the British side, in 1905, Sir Edward Grey, who was at the center of the Milner group, became Foreign Secretary.
4.
And one daughter, Anna Poklewska - Koziell, born ca 1860 married to Antoni Riesenkampff, b. ca 1860, with daughter Aniela nee von Reisenkampf, 1890 - 1963, married to Jozef Aleksander Wielopolski, 1886 - 1961.

Izabella Malkiewicz born 01st May 1908 in Moskwa / Moscow / Moscou;
Mother-in-God was Maryla Koziell Poklewska / Maryla Koziell Poklevski married to Slotwinski / Slotvinski.
Her sister Irena Malkiewicz, actress.
In Moscow her father had a car; she known very well French language. In 1911, she was the first time in Swolna Stara, to Zarakowski, Konstantynowicz and Malkiewicz families.
In 1912 and 1913 in Stare Zaborze / Zaborze, close to Swolna.
In 1913 in Oswiej / Osvieja, in empty palace.
In 1914 in Rawanicze to Slotwinski family, the Berazino parish. She known Miezonka and history about Anna Malkiewicz married Konstantynowicz; Anna died when was born first baby, named Marian Konstantynowicz.
Lived in Moscow to September 1918; October 1918 in Wilno / Vilnius.
January 1919 Vilna / Wilno was captured by Bolshevik troops, and Jozef Malkiewicz left under Soviets. The Malkiewicz family escaped to Warsaw. 1937 served the Red Cross in Warsaw. September 1939 served Field Hospital No 104 of Colonel Szarecki; on 08 September 1939 left Warsaw.
On 16 September in Kopyczynce and back to Trembowla, and again 18 - 19 September 1939 in Trembowla (to November the 01st, 1939); here was general Wladyslaw Sikorski - and Chruszczow - in Hospital No 104.
In April 1942 to 1943 - The J. Przybylski office in Warsaw; here general Zymierski - Rola of the Soviet military intelligence service; from Spring 1942 Izabella Malkiewicz / Izabela Horodecka - Malkiewicz as 'Teresa' served Polish counter-intelligence service;
on 17 March 1943 served to 993/W Special Unit.
Izabella was famous for activity during the Second world war in Warsaw. Her mother Genowefa Malkiewicz Werakso, the daughter of Jan Werakso from Minsk in Belarus; painter
(Izabella Horodecki - Malkiewicz was great granddaughter of Wiktor Waraksa / Viktor Weraksa, b. circa 1820, the son of Jan Weraksa, b. ca 1795).
Her father Wladyslaw Alojzy Malkiewicz b. 23 February 1875 in Swolna Stara / Svolna; lived in the Dryssa county; 1879 in Pluszcze with the Pluszczewski family; in 1885 Wilno, after Moscow near by the Konstantynowiczs; married 1907, stayed in Moscow to September 1918.
Izabella's husband Zygmunt Horodecki. Deputy Prosecutor of Warsaw Court to 05 September 1939; in Kowno 1940; 14 June 1941 jailed in Soviet Union; Palestine and Monte Cassino, Ankona / Ancona. His brother was colonel of Polish Army in 1939.

Maryla Koziell Poklewska / Maryla Koziell Poklevski married to Slotwinski / Slotvinski. Born ca 1880?

Note:
Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon, b. 1862, acted as Foreign Secretary from 1905 to 1916. 1905, Grey and the Russian Ambassador Count Alexander Benckendorff talked on the idea of an agreement with Russia; negotiations began Sir Arthur Nicolson as the new British Ambassador in 1906 to Russia;
"...Grey's intention was to re-establish Russia as a factor in European politics on the side of France and Great Britain to maintain a balance of power in Europe...".
The ambassador in St. Petersburg was Sir Arthur Nicolson, in 1906 to 1910. Arthur Nicolson, 1st Baron Carnock, b. 1849, son of Admiral Sir Frederick Nicolson, by his wife Mary Loch.
Sir Arthur Nicolson married, in 1882, Mary Katherine Hamilton, the daughter of
Captain Archibald Rowan Hamilton, of Killyleagh Castle, County of Down / COUNTY DOWN, Ireland.

Wincenty Poklewski KOZIELL of Talica, taken to an office above named Ignacy Szumski;
Ignacy Szumski m. in Talica in 1898 to Cecylia Sniegocka / Celina from TALICA, born ca 1875 / 1880 ?, the daughter of Tomasz Zagloba Sniegocki [b. ca 1840 ??], insurgent of 1863, and his wife
JOLANTA TRZCINSKA / Jolanta nee Prandot Trzcinski, who had an estates near by the GOPLO lake in the Great Poland - Prussia, that is Popowo and Ostrowo [OSTROWO by the Goplo lake; 2 km north of POPOWO !].
Jolanta was next of kin to Stefania Sempolowska.
Jolanta had son Zygmunt Szumski b. in 1898; and in 1902 in Jekaterynburg was born Jadwiga Szumska, the 1st married Siedlecka, the 2nd Plocharska, died 1984 in Lodz.

Ignacy Szumski was fought in 1905, then he lived in Perm [see the Szostak family from Miezonka];
his son Wladyslaw Szumski was born in 1907, in PERM,;
next son Jozef Szumski, junior, b. 1909.

TADEUSZ Swiatopelk-Mirski b. ca 1760 and Jan SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI b. ca 1770, m. Tekla Burgundyfera Despot-Zenowicz, probably were the brothers of
Franciszek Ksawery SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI, b. ca 1760, married to Katarzyna Badowska, 1764 - 1843,
who had the mentioned son
Tomasz Bogumil Swiatopelk - Mirski, 1788, d. 1868.

Mentioned Ewelina Kamilla Ewa Swiatopelk-Mirska, b. ca 1800,
was the daughter of
Stanislaw Wojciech SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI, MP, 1756-1805;
the granddaughter of
Maria Billewicz b. after 1710 + Cyprian Swiatopelk-Mirski.

Above Stanislaw Wojciech Swiatopelk Mirski b. 1756, had brothers:
Tomasz b. 1738, the Braslaw marshal,
Boguslaw b. ca 1750, an official in Braslaw,
and sister Anna b. ca 1750/1760 married Tadeusz Swiatopelk-Mirski b. ca 1760 [1750 ?],
who was the son of
Jan Stanislaw Swiatopelk-Mirski, 1690/1720-1761 + Joanna Rymsza.

Named Stanislaw Wojciech was also the brother of
Jozef Swiatopelk-Mirski,
and Kazimierz Swiatopelk-Mirski.

Above Cyprian Swiatopelk-Mirski b. ca 1710
[maybe Cyprian's brother was Jan Stanislaw SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI, b. ca 1720 [1690 ?], d. 1761, m. Joanna Rymsza],
was the son of Samuel Swiatopelk-Mirski,
and the grandson of
Michal Jan Swiatopelk-Mirski, ca 1650 - 1722,
and the great-grandson of
Samuel Swiatopelk-Mirski, b. ca 1620, d. after 1646;
the great-great-grandson of
Aleksander Sr. Swiatopelk-Mirski, b. ca 1590, who was a son of Abraham Mirski, b. ca 1560.

Named above Cyprian Swiatopelk-Mirski + Maria Billewicz had the son Stanislaw Wojciech SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI,
who had also a daughter
Maria Swiatopelk-Mirska, 1790 - 1821, married Stanislaw Szumski b. in SZUMSK in 1790-1871
[see Bouvie and the Konstantynowiczs].

Stanislaw Szumski was the son of Wawrzyniec Szumski b. ca 1760 and of Ludwika Koszczyc. Wawrzyniec Szumski married two times, also with the son JOZEF Szumski, 1790-1842.
See about Szumski - Konstantynowicz - Piottuch Kublicki branch and named SZUMSK at my websites.

Oktawia Piottuch-Kublicka b. ca 1810 + Jozef Szumski b. ca 1780 / 1800 + 2nd to Dominik Konstantynowicz of MIEZONKA. OKTAWIA was daughter of Jozef Piottuch-Kublicki.

Stanislaw Wojciech SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI (1756-1805), was the son of Cyprian Swiatopelk-Mirski,
and the grandson of
SAMUEL Swiatopelk - Mirski.

Mentioned Maria Billewicz b. after 1710, married Cyprian Swiatopelk-Mirski.

Franciszek Ksawery SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI, b. ca 1760, married to Katarzyna Badowska, 1764 - 1843; they had the mentioned son Tomasz Bogumil Swiatopelk - Mirski, 1788, d. 1868, m. Marcianna / Marianna Nostitz-Jackowska [net to my family Kiedrzynski].
Tomasz Bogumil Jan Swiatopelk-Mirski (1788-1868) fought in the November Uprising in 1830.

General Prince Nikolai Ivanovitch Sviatopolk - Mirskii (Polish, b. at Miastkow, 5th July 1833; m. second, Cleoptra Mikhailovna Khanikova / Chanikow, and d. at Mir, 15th July 1898). Ataman of the Don Cossacks,
third son of Prince
Tomasz Boguslaw Jan Sviatopolk-Mirskii, and by his second wife, Princess Marcianna, nee von Nostitz-Jackowska.
She d. at Vladicaucase, 1863.

Jan Nepomucen von Nostitz-Jackowski married Anna nee Tucholka. Then Jan Nepomucen married 2nd to Petronela nee Drywa-Zakrzewska in 1804, she was born 1776 / 1780.
They had one daughter Marianna Marcjanna nee Nostitz-Jackowska, b. ca 1800, married
Tomasz Bogumil Jan Swiatopelk-Mirski, b. 26.12.1788 - d. 1861 / 1878. Above named Ivan Swiatopelk - Mirski or Jan Swiatopelk, and Marianna Marcjanna had a sons:
1.
Dmitri Ivanovich Svatjopolk-Mirski. Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Svyatopolk-Mirsky, 1825 - 1899, was a Imperial Russian Army general. Sviatopolk-Mirsky and his wife, Georgian princess Sofia Orbeliani, had one son,
Pyotr Dmitrievich Svyatopolk-Mirsky, future Minister of the Interior of Russia.
and 2.
Nikolaj Swiatopelk - Mirski.
General Prince Nikolai Ivanovitch Sviatopolk - Mirskii (Polish, b. at Miastkow, 5th July 1833; m. second, Cleoptra Mikhailovna Khanikova / Chanikow, and d. at Mir, 15th July 1898). Ataman of the Don Cossacks, third son of Prince Tomasz Boguslaw Jan Sviatopolk-Mirskii, and by his second wife, Princess Marcianna, nee von Nostitz-Jackowska. She d. at Vladicaucase, 1863.

Above Jan Nepomucen Ksawery Nostitz-Jackowski born 1770, was the son of
Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski and Marianna nee Kczewska / Marcianna Antonie Barbara Nostitz-Jackowska
[Marianna Kczewski / Marcianna Antonie Barbara Nostitz-Jackowska Kczewska, born in Straszewo, near by KWIDZYN - wife of Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski].

Aleksander Jackowski was born in 1729 ie. Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski, ca 1729 - 1802 in the Nogat river close to Malbork.
The son of Michal Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1705, d. ca 1766.
The grandson of Jan Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1670.

Antoni Skorzewski, 1710 - 1766 m. Anna Nostitz - Jackowska, ca 1710/1715 - 1768. Anna was the daughter of above Jan Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1670.

Franciszka Nostitz-Jackowski married Kiedrzynska had one sister, named above Anna Skorzewska born Nostitz-Jackowska.
Franciszka JACKOWSKA married Andrzej Kiedrzynski b. 1715/1720, then he was the owner of Bieganin close to RASZKOW. Her son Jakub Kiedrzynski was the posesor of Orpiszewek close to PLESZEW.
Jakub's brother was IZYDOR Kiedrzynski - my line.
My family - Andrzej Kiedrzynski born ca 1715/1720, was the son of JAN Kiedrzynski, b. ca 1680 close to Czestochowa. Andrzej Kiedrzynski b. ca 1715 / 1720, was the landowner of Biegacino in 1760, that is Bieganin / Bieganino, ca 23 km west of Kalisz, and 16 km south of Orpiszewko / Orpiszewek.
Andrzej Kiedrzynski married Franciszka Jackowska / Franciszka Nostitz - Jackowska, b. ca 1715/1720.

The Grand Master of the Asiatic Brethren, and leading member of the Illuminati, was Prince Karl / CHARLES of Hesse-Kassel / Hessen-Kassel,
the brother of Wilhelm I of Hessen-Kassel.
Both were the sons of Frederick II of Hessen-Kassel, from his wife, Mary of Hanover, Princess of Great Britain, the daughter of George II King of England, and therefore cousin to Frederick II the Great of Prussia.

"Give me control of a nation's money and I care not who makes it's laws" - Mayer Amschel Bauer Rothschild.
Mayer Amschel Rothschild / Anschel (b. 1743 or in 1744), was a German Jewish banker and the founder of the Rothschild banking dynasty. In 1770, "Mayer Amschel Rothschild draws up plans for the creation of the Illuminati and entrusts ... Adam Weishaupt, ... with its organization and development...".

In 1791 - the formation of TEMPLAR's first Grand Conclave, with Thomas Dunckerley as Grand Master. In 1805 their Royal Patron, Duke of Kent [Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn / Edward Augustus], became TEMPLAR Grand Master himself. The modern revival of Templarism in Scotland starts with Alexander Deuchar, of the Grand Assembly of the High Knights Templar in Edinburgh; in 1811 with a Charter from the Templar Grand Master in England, the Duke of Kent, Alexander Deuchar established the Grand Conclave of Knights of the Holy Temple and Sepulchre, and of St. John of Jerusalem [see Wankowicz and Swolna]. In 1813 Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, became Grand Master of the Premier Grand Lodge of England, and in December 1813 - named Prince Edward [Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn / Edward Augustus] became Grand Master of the Antient Grand Lodge of England.
Mentioned above the Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn / Edward Augustus, b. 1767, died in 1820, was the fifth child of King George III of the United Kingdom and the father of Queen Victoria!

Baron von Estorff advised the Landgrave that Mayer Amschel Rothschild showed an exceptional ability to increase wealth through his investments. Mayer Amschel arranged to hire 16800 Hessian soldiers to assist the nephew of Federick's wife, King George III of England, in suppressing the American Rebellion.
When Frederick II of Hessen-Kassel died in 1785, Rothschild obtained total influence over his successor, Karl's [Charles of Hessen-Kassel] brother Elector Wilhelm IX, who he managed to make one of the wealthiest monarchs of his time.
In 1769, Mayer Amschel Rothschild had become an agent for the Hessen-Kassel court [Frederick II of Hessen-Kassel died in 1785] of Prince William IX of Hesse - Kassel. Prince WILHELM IX / William IX was the grandson of George II, and also a cousin to George III of England, who was a nephew to the King of Denmark and also a brother in law to the King of Sweden. Prince William handed his wealth to be managed by the Rothschilds.

Wilhelm X Landgraf von Hessen-Kassel-Rumpenheim that is Prince William of Hesse-Kassel, b. 1787, was the first son of Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Caroline of Nassau-Usingen. Above Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel, b. 1747, was a Danish general. He was born as the youngest son of Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel / Landgrave Frederick II, and Princess Mary of Great Britain, he was the last surviving grandchild of George II of Great Britain, dying one month before Queen Victoria (granddaughter of his first cousin King George III) ascended to the throne. Mentioned
Frederick II / Landgraf Friedrich II von Hessen-Kassel, b. 1720, was Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) from 1760 to 1785. He raised money by renting soldiers to Great Britain to help fight the American Revolutionary War, he combined Enlightenment ideas with Christian values
[see ALTONA and St Germain; St Germain and Catherine the Great of Russia; ALTONA and the FRANKISTS movement; ALTONA close to Hamburg and Tadeusz Grabianka; ALTHOTAS from Denmark and Cagliostro and Manuel Pinto in MALTA].

By 1785, the Illuminati was banned and all of the Bavarian lodges of the Grand Orient were closed down. Around the same time, Mayer Rothschild moved with his family to a five story house in Frankfurt, which he shared with the Schiff family.
Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744 - 1812) was also a financial advisor of Landgrave of Hesse Hanau - Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel (1747 - 1837). Landgrave was born as the youngest son of Hereditary Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel (the future Landgrave Frederick II) and Princess Mary of Great Britain. He was the last surviving grandchild of George II of Great Britain.
Frederick II of Hessen-Kassel married Maria Princess of Hanover, cousin of Frederick II the Great King of Prussia, and the daughter of [mentioned above] George II King of England.

In December 1745, Frederick [Frederick of Hesse / HESSEN] landed in Scotland with 6000 Hessian troops to support his father-in-law, [named above] George II of Great Britain, in dealing with the Jacobite rising.

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, his [Mayer Amschel Rothschild] five sons began expanding the family business:
1809, Nathan Mayer Rothschild 1st (1777-1836) in London;
1812, Jakob Rothschild (1792-1868) in Paris; 1820,
Salomon Rothschild (1774-1855) in Vien;
in 1821, Kalman Rothschild or Carl Mayer von Rothschild (1788-1855) in Naples;
oldest Amschel Mayer Rothschild (1773-1855) in Frankfurt.
The family supported the creation of the state of Israel. Edmond James de Rothschild is the patron of the first settlements in Palestine in Riszon le-Cijjon, ca 1887 (see Oliphant and Odessa - the TEMPLARS).

Baron Solomon Benedict de Worms (1801 - 1882) was an Austrian aristocrat, plantation owner in Ceylon
[see tea and Azbelev - Duflon and Konstantynowicz family; Pilsudski and Sieroszewski in Japan];
stockbroker in London. His father was Benedikt Moses Worms (1769 - 1824) and his mother,
Schonche Jeannette Rothschild.
He had two brothers, Maurice Benedict de Worms (1805-1867) and Gabriel Benedict de Worms (1802-1881).
His maternal grandfather was Mayer Amschel Rothschild.

The Russian Army commandant in 1877 against Turkey, was Nikolaj Nikolajevic senior, Romanov; that is Mikolaj Mikolajewicz Romanow, b. 1831, d. 1891; Grand Duke, General Adjutant - 1856, General Field Marshal - 1878.
Third son of Tsar Nicholas I and Tsarina Aleksandra Fedorovna, born as
Charlotte / Charlotta Princess of Prussia.
His older brothers were Tsar Alexander II and Grand Duke of Russia, Konstanty Mikolajewicz. Michal Mikolajewicz, b. 1832, was the next brother.

Eugene's ARMAND of Moscow brother - Emil E. ARMAND [both were the sons of Maria Wilhelmina Paszkowska married Armand ca 1840, and the grandsons of General Franciszek Paszkowski] was married to Zofia Hacker / Sophia nee Osipovna Hecke (Hakker, Hacker, Hekke) from Estonia.
They had six children:
LEW ARMAND / Leo (1880 - 1942) married Japaridze-Saparov, ie. Saparova Tamara Arkadevna, Japaridze married 2nd to Leo Emilievich ARMAND.
Saparov Arkady (1854 - before 1921), was married to Varvara Maypariani with the daughter Tamara Arkadevna SAPAROV married 1st to
Ivan Konstantinovich Japaridze,
and
TAMARA SAPAROV - JAPARIDZE was 2nd married to Lev ARMAND / Lion Emilievich Armand
(Inessa Armand relatives - see LENIN and Anna Konstantynowicz nee Armand).
Ivan Iaparidze was the son of Constantine Japaridze / Constantin Japaridze / Konstantyn
(Ivan b. ca 1860;
his father Konstantyn died in 1860 !)
from the upper Racha region of Georgia.

Ivan Japaridze b. ca 1860, had sister Agrippina, Countess von Zarnekau, b. 1855, nee Agrippina Constantines Japaridze, and Ivan Japaridze's parents were
Constantine 1st Japaridze and Melania Japaridze;
named father Constantine died 1860.

Mikolaj Mikolajewicz Romanow, b. 1831, had the brother Michal Mikolajewicz Romanow b. 1832, d. December 1909; Grand Duke of Russia, field marshal, chairman of the Council of State (1881-1905). In 1862-1882 he was the general-governor of the Caucasus. He worked in Tbilisi. Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich had a son Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich - Sandro / Sasho who was a key figure in the development of the Russian air force;
Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro), b. 01 April 1866 in Tbilisi, died 1933, Nice, France. Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro): Chief of the Commercial navigation and ports (1902-1905), during the First World war was in charge of the aviation in the army: paid much attention to the development of aviation industry in Russia [Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company], on his initiative, established flight schools, began preparing the first national flight training and 1914 appointed head of the organization of aviation business in the armies.
Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro) was the Freemason, and he called himself Philalethes. The 1785 congress convened by the Amis Reunis and the Philalethes was also attended by the Anton Mesmer, Comte St. Germain and Comte Cagliostro, another student of Rabbi Falk. Cagliostro, had known all the secrets of Dr. Samuel Falk. Catherine the Great was reportedly also associated with the Comte St. Germain. St. Germain was in St Petersburg, where he participated in a conspiracy when the Russian army assisted Catherine in usurping the throne from her husband Peter III of Russia.
Receiving education at home in Georgia, Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro) often went for long voyages: 1886 - 1889 made a voyage round the world on the corvette 'Rynda' and in 1890 - 91, at his own yacht 'Tamara' traveled to India, described in his journals.

Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich b. 1832, the fourth son of Tsar Nicholas I, died in Cannes on 18 December 1909; the funeral was in Russia; Field Marshal. Mentioned
Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia was partner of Countess Olga Kalinowska
[see 1840 in St Petersburg; Trubecki, Konstantynowicz, Oginski and Wola Pszczolecka]
but she happened to be the mistress of Tsarevitch Alexander, the son of Tsar Nicholas I. Olga was pregnant by either the Tsarevitch or his father Nicholas I. On 10 October 1848 or in 1849 Olga gave birth to Prince Bogdan or Michael-Bogdan - Oginski by name and Romanov by gene.

Mikolaj Mikolajewicz married his cousin Aleksandra Oldenburg
[see Oldenburg in St Petersburg and the Duflon & Konstantynowicz Company].
Aleksandra was the daughter of Konstantin Friedrich Peter Georgievich Oldenburg (1812-1881).

Above Konstantin Friedrich Peter von Oldenburg, 1812-1881, m. Therese Wilhelmine Friederike Isabella Charlotte von Nassau, 1815-1871, with children:
1.
Alexandra Friederike Wilhelmine von Oldenburg, m. Nikolaj Nikolajewitsch of Russia, 1831-1891.
Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia / Nicholas Nicolaievich the Elder, 1831 - 1891, was the third son of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia and Alexandra Feodorovna. Field Marshal and the commander of the Russian army of the Danube in the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-1878;
with son: Peter Nikolajewitsch, 1864-1931.
2.
Alexander Friedrich Konstantin von Oldenburg, 1844-1932, with son Peter Friedrich Georg von Oldenburg, 1868- 1924;
3.
Konstantin Friedrich Peter von Oldenburg, 1850-1906 m. in 1882, Agrippina Djaparidse / Agrippina JAPARIDZE, 1855-1926,
with daughter Alexandra von Oldenburg, Grafin von Zarnekau, 1883-1957.

The JAPARIDZES
- see Armand - PASZKOWSKI - DEMONSI home in Moscow and Konstantynowicz line of Moscow - Swolna - Miezonka [1842/1918] - Lida [until morning of 18 September 1939].

Konstantin Friedrich Peter Oldenburg or Constantine Petrovich of Oldenburg began a flirtation with Agrippina; Agrippina's husband, Prince Tariel 'Daniel' Dadiani, was one of the officers under Duke Constantine's command; Dadiani were a branch of the Bagrationi Dynasty; Agrippina was Tariel Dadiani's second wife but Agrippina in 1882 divorced Dadiani. 1882, Constantine OLDENBURG entered into a morganatic marriage with Agrippina Japaridze; by the early 1890s, they were doing business in Odessa and Alexandrovsk (Zaporozhe).
See the Armands and Konstantynowiczs in Moscow and Alexandrovsk.

TADEUSZ Swiatopelk-Mirski b. ca 1760 and Jan SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI b. ca 1770, m. Tekla Burgundyfera Despot-Zenowicz, probably were the brothers of Franciszek Ksawery SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI, b. ca 1760/1764, married to Katarzyna Badowska, 1764 - 1843, who had the son Tomasz Bogumil Swiatopelk - Mirski, 1788, d. 1868.

Franciszek Ksawery SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI, b. ca 1760/1764, married to Katarzyna Badowska, 1764 - 1843;
they had the son Tomasz Bogumil Swiatopelk - Mirski, 1788, d. 1868, m. Marcianna / Marianna Nostitz-Jackowska [net to my family Kiedrzynski].

Marianna was the daughter of Jan Nepomucen married 2nd to Petronela nee Drywa-Zakrzewska in 1804, born 1776 / 1780.

Jan Nepomucen Ksawery Nostitz-Jackowski was the son of Marianna Kczewski / Marcianna Antonie Barbara Nostitz-Jackowska Kczewska, born in Straszewo, near by Kwidzyn. Marianna KCZEWSKI was daughter of Andrzej Kczewski and Marianna; wife of Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski.

Aleksander Jackowski was born in 1729 ie. Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski, ca 1729 - 1802 in the Nogat river close to Malbork. The son of Michal Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1705, d. ca 1766. The grandson of Jan Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1670.

Antoni Skorzewski, 1710 - 1766 m. Anna Nostitz - Jackowska, ca 1710/1715 - 1768. Anna was the daughter of above Jan Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1670.

Franciszka Nostitz-Jackowski married Kiedrzynska had one sister, named above Anna Skorzewska born Nostitz-Jackowska. Franciszka JACKOWSKA married Andrzej Kiedrzynski b. 1715/1720, then he was the owner of Bieganin close to RASZKOW [my family].

Tomasz Bogumil Jan Swiatopelk-Mirski 1788-1868, Duke in 1861 = JAN Siemionowicz Swiatopelk Mirski / Tomasz Teofil Jan MIRSKI, m. Marcjanna Nostitz-Jackowska.
His sons:
A.

Dmitrij Hariton Ruryk Miron back to Russia in 1840, 1841 served at Caucasus. Dmitri / Dmitry Ivanovich / Dmitrij, born in 1824 or 1825 - d. 1899, Infantry General and politician, Caucasus and Russo-Turkish wars, member of the State Council of Imperial Russia;
his son
Pyotr Dmitrievich Svyatopolk-Mirsky (1857 - 1914), the governor of Penza and Vilna governments, Minister of Interior of Russia [see on January 1905].
B.

Mikolaj Swiatopelk Mirski, 1833 - 1898, m. 1st to Wiera Bagratyd / Pss Vera b. Tbilisi 1842. He bought MIR in 1895 from the family of Dominik Radziwill and his daughter Stefania.

Mikolaj Swiatopelk-Mirski b. 1833, d. 1898, was the son of Tomasz Bogumil Swiatopelk - Mirski, 1788, d. 1868, m. Marcianna / Marianna Nostitz-Jackowska.

Mikolaj was the husband of named Wiera and 2nd to Kleopatra (Kapitolina).

Above Wiera Bagration Gruzinsky, m. Swiatopelk Mirska, b. 1842 in Tbilisi, Georgia; d. 1863; the daughter of ELIZBAR / ILIA Grigorievich Bagration Gruzinsky and Anastasja.

Mentioned above ELIZBAR / ILIA Grigorievich Bagration Gruzinsky b. 1790, d. 1854, was the son of Giorgi XII Bagrationi (King of Kartli and Kakheti) and Mariam.

Named above Giorgi XII Bagrationi King of Kartli and Kakheti, b. 1746, d. 1800, son of Erekle II, King of Georgia and Anna Abashidze.

Erekle II Bagrationi / Iraklij, known as Herculius II, b. 1720 in Telavi, in Kakheti, Georgia; d. 1798; was the son of Teimuraz II, King of Kakheti and Kartli.

Teimuraz II was the son of Erekle I, King of Kartli and Kakheti b. 1637, d. 1709 in Iran. In 1674, Erekle I [see below], a grandson of the late king Teimuraz I of Kakheti [see below], returned from exile in Russia to claim his succession. He was soon summoned to Iran by Shah Suleiman I. The shah would install Erekle as King of Kakheti and therefore attempted, though vainly, to seize the throne of Imereti.

Note to above Wiera BAGRATYD:

Wiera Bagratyd / Pss Vera b. Tbilisi in 1842, come from
Iraklij 2nd Bagration / Erekle II, king of Kacheti / Heracles II Bagratouni, 1744 -62, king of united Georgia 1762-98 (EREKLE II / Iraklij 2nd Bagration was born Telavi on 7 Nov 1720 and died in Telavi 11 Jan 1798)
m. 1st in 1739 to Pss Kethevan Mkheidze (d. 1744),
m. 2nd in 1745 to Pss Ana Abashidze (1730 - Tbilisi on 6 Dec 1749) and
m. 3rd in 1750 Pss Darejan Dadiani (20 Jul 1734 - St. Petersburg 8 Nov 1808).

Named Darejan Dadiani (20 Jul 1734 - St. Petersburg 8 Nov 1808 or 1738 - 8 November 1807) / Darejan Dadiani-Mingrelia,
was the daughter of
Otia Dadiani Hertog van Mingrelia / Katsia-Giorgi Dadiani,
a younger son of
Bezhan Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia in western Georgia
[see more on BEZHAN].

Mentioned Bezhan Dadiani [see above] died 1728, of the House of Dadiani, was Prince of Mingrelia from 1715 to 1728. He acceded to power in a coup against his own father, Giorgi IV Dadiani, and came to dominate western Georgian politics by asserting tutelage over King Alexander V of Imereti until being murdered by Ottoman agents.

Above Giorgi IV Dadiani died 1715, was Prince of Mingrelia from 1691 to 1704 and from 1710 to 1715. Giorgi was a son of Katsia Chikovani, the lord of Lechkhumi by his wife Mzekhatun, daughter of Prince Levan III Dadiani.

Mamuka, 1719 - 1769, was a member of the Bagrationi dynasty of Imereti, a kingdom in western Georgia. He was installed as a rival king to his brother, Alexander V of Imereti from 1746 until being deposed in 1749.
Mamuka married in 1732 Darejan Dadiani, daughter of Bezhan Dadiani [see more above and also below], Prince of Mingrelia.

Explanation to Georgian genealogy:

Alexander, son of Bakar or Aleksandr Bakarovich Gruzinsky, born 1726 died 1791, was a Russian-born Georgian prince of the Mukhrani branch of the Bagrationi royal dynasty. Aleksandre was born ca 1724 / 1728, in Moscow. Alexander was married to Princess Daria Aleksandrovna nee Menshikov, d.1817.

Named
BAKAR was the son of Vakhtang VI King of Kartli, b. 15 Sept. 1675 - died on March 26, 1737.

Vakhtang VI married in Imereti, in 1696, a princess Rusudan (died in Moscow, on December 30, 1740). They had children:
Named above Prince Bakar (1699 / 1700 - 1750), ruler of Kartli;
Prince George (1712 - 1786), general of the Russian Empire;
Princess Tamar (1696) married, in 1712, Prince Teimuraz, the future king of Kakheti and Kartli;
Princess Anna (Anuka) (1698), married, in 1712, Prince Vakhushti Abashidze;
Princess Tuta (1699), married the Imeretian nobleman of the ducal family of Racha, Gedevan, Duke of the Lowlands.

Now on DADIANI:

Bezhan Dadiani [see below] died 1728, was Prince of Mingrelia from 1715 to 1728.
He acceded to power in a coup against his own father, Giorgi IV Dadiani, and came to dominate western Georgian politics by asserting tutelage over King Alexander V of Imereti until being murdered by Ottoman agents.

Bezhan was the second son of Giorgi IV Dadiani by his wife, Sevdia Mikeladze, whom Giorgi divorced, in 1701, to marry Tamar, daughter of the powerful prince Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze, sometime King of Imereti. In 1704, Giorgi made his eldest son, Katsia, prince of Mingrelia and installed Bezhan as lord of Lechkhumi.
Giorgi returned as prince of Mingrelia after Katsia's death in 1710, but his renewed authority was challenged by Bezhan, who enjoyed support of King George VII of Imereti.

Mamuka, 1719 - 1769, was a member of the Bagrationi dynasty of Imereti, a kingdom in western Georgia. He was installed as a rival king to his brother, Alexander V of Imereti from 1746 until being deposed in 1749.
Mamuka married in 1732 Darejan Dadiani, daughter of Bezhan Dadiani [see more above and also below], Prince of Mingrelia.

Now we back to
Mikolaj Swiatopelk Mirski, 1833 - 1898, m. 1st to Wiera Bagratyd / Pss Vera b. Tbilisi 1842.
He bought MIR in 1895 from the family of Dominik Radziwill and his daughter Stefania.
Mikolaj Swiatopelk-Mirski b. 1833, d. 1898, was the son of
JAN Siemionowicz Swiatopelk Mirski / Tomasz Teofil Jan MIRSKI, and Marcjanna Nostitz-Jackowska.
Husband of named Wiera and 2nd to Kleopatra (Kapitolina).

Above
Wiera Bagration Gruzinsky, m. Swiatopelk Mirska, b. 1842 in Tbilisi, Georgia; d. 1863;
the daughter of ELIZBAR / ILIA Grigorievich Bagration Gruzinsky and Anastasja.
Mentioned
Tomasz Teofil Jan Swiatopelk-Mirski 1788 - 1868, was the son of Franciszek Ksawery Mirski and Katarzyna.
Mentioned above
ELIZBAR / ILIA Grigorievich Bagration Gruzinsky b. 1790, d. 1854, was the son of Giorgi XII Bagrationi (King of Kartli and Kakheti) and Mariam.
Named above
Giorgi XII Bagrationi King of Kartli and Kakheti, b. 1746, d. 1800,
son of Erekle II, King of Georgia and Anna Abashidze.

Erekle II Bagrationi / Iraklij,
known as Herculius II, b. 1720 in Telavi, in Kakheti, Georgia; d. 1798;
was the son of Teimuraz II, King of Kakheti and Kartli.

Teimuraz II was the son of Erekle I, King of Kartli and Kakheti b. 1637, d. 1709 in Iran.

In 1674, Erekle I [see below], a grandson of the late king Teimuraz I of Kakheti [see below],
returned from exile in Russia to claim his succession. He was soon summoned to Iran by Shah Suleiman I. The shah would install Erekle as King of Kakheti and therefore attempted, though vainly, to seize the throne of Imereti.

Note to above Wiera BAGRATYD:

Wiera Bagratyd / Pss Vera b. Tbilisi in 1842, come from Iraklij 2nd Bagration / Erekle II, king of Kacheti / Heracles II Bagratouni, 1744 -62, king of united Georgia 1762-98
(EREKLE II / Iraklij 2nd Bagration was born Telavi on 7 Nov 1720 and died in Telavi 11 Jan 1798)
m. 1st in 1739 to Pss Kethevan Mkheidze (d. 1744),
m. 2nd in 1745 to Pss Ana Abashidze (1730 - Tbilisi on 6 Dec 1749) and
m. 3rd in 1750 Pss Darejan Dadiani (20 Jul 1734 - St. Petersburg 8 Nov 1808).

Named Darejan Dadiani (20 Jul 1734 - St. Petersburg 8 Nov 1808 or 1738 - 8 November 1807) / Darejan Dadiani-Mingrelia, was the daughter of
Otia Dadiani Hertog van Mingrelia / Katsia-Giorgi Dadiani, a younger son of
Bezhan Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia in western Georgia [see above on BEZHAN].

Mentioned Bezhan Dadiani [see above] died 1728, of the House of Dadiani, was Prince of Mingrelia from 1715 to 1728. He acceded to power in a coup against his own father, Giorgi IV Dadiani, and came to dominate western Georgian politics by asserting tutelage over King Alexander V of Imereti until being murdered by Ottoman agents.

Above
Giorgi IV Dadiani died 1715, was Prince of Mingrelia from 1691 to 1704 and from 1710 to 1715.
Giorgi was a son of Katsia Chikovani, the lord of Lechkhumi by his wife Mzekhatun, daughter of Prince Levan III Dadiani.

See:
Konstantin Friedrich Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg (1812 - 1881).
Duke Konstantin Friedrich Peter Georgievich von Holstein-Gottorp of Oldenburg was the grandfather of Duke Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg as well as grandfather of Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich, General of the Imperial Russian Army during World War I.
Konstantin Friedrich Peter Oldenburg or Constantine Petrovich of Oldenburg began a flirtation with Agrippina; Agrippina's husband, Prince Tariel 'Daniel' Dadiani, was one of the officers under Duke Constantine's command;
Dadiani were a branch of the Bagrationi Dynasty;

Agrippina was Tariel Dadiani's second wife but Agrippina in 1882 divorced Dadiani. 1882, Constantine entered into a morganatic marriage with Agrippina Japaridze; by the early 1890s, they were doing business in Odessa and Alexandrovsk (Zaporozhe).
See the Armands and Konstantynowiczs in Moscow and Alexandrovsk.

Prince Tarieli Taia Aleksandri Dadiani, b. 1842, m. first to Princess Sopio Dadiani b. 1838 daughter of Prince Levanti Shervashidze of the Guria. On June 28, 1882, Agrippina divorced Dadiani.
His father: Prince Aleksandri Manuchari Dadiani.
And his grandfather:
Major-General H. E. Prince Nichola Giorgi Dadiani / Nikolai Georgievitch Dadianov / Bolshoi Niko, Lord of Kurdzu, b. 1764 - Duke of Mingrelia, fourth son of Katsia II Dadiani, Duke of Mingrelia, m. first a daughter of Prince Shervashidze; m. second to Ana Dadiani, daughter of Prince Kakhaberidze-Chijavadze; he d. after 1804, having six sons and three daughters. Above named the fourth son (he d. after 1804) of Katsia II Dadiani, Duke of Mingrelia, m. first a daughter of Prince Shervashidze; m. second to Ana Dadiani.

Above Katsia II Dadiani of monarchs of Mingrelia: 1758-1788 or 1744-1788;
was friend of David II (1756-1795), of the Bagrationi Dynasty, who was King of Imereti in the western Georgia. David II was the son of George IX of Imereti. With the support of Katsia II Dadiani, prince of Mingrelia, he seized the throne and proclaimed himself king on May 4, 1784. David's policy drew many leading aristocrats, including the Mingrelian prince Grigol Dadiani into opposition.

Princess Thamar b. 1790, d. 1818, second daughter of Prince Katsia II Dadiani, Duke of Dukes of Mingrelia, married before May 1808 to General Prince Giorgi Shirvashidze / Safar Ali Bey, Prince of Abkhazia, who signed a petition for protection from Russia in 1808, having four sons and six daughters.

Mentioned Major-General H. E. Prince Nichola Giorgi Dadiani / Nikolai Georgievitch Dadianov / Bolshoi Niko, Lord of Kurdzu, b. 1764, Ambassador to Russia 1805-1806, Major Gen. Russian Army, married first time to Princess Mariami Dadiani (d. 1802), daughter of Rustami Shervashidze, Duke in Guria, and married second to Princess Kethevan Dadiani, daughter of Prince Marshania.

His son Prince Besarioni Nichola Dadiani, b. 1810 [he was the brother of mentioned above Prince Aleksandri Manuchari Dadiani], had
a son Prince Niko Besarioni Dadiani, b. 1830, Chief of Police of Zugdidi in 1857;
and the grandson
Prince Aleksandri Kviti Niko Dadiani, b. 1864, m. Princess Nino Dadiani (b. 1868), younger daughter of Prince Tarieli Taia Dadiani, by his second wife, Princess Agrafina Countess von Zarnekau, daughter of Prince Konstantini Japaridze - he had two sons and four daughters.

Mentioned
Katsia II Dadiani died 1788, of the House of Dadiani, was Prince of Mingrelia from 1758 to 1788.

Katsia was a son of Otia Dadiani on whose death he succeeded as prince-regnant of Mingrelia in 1758. Otia Dadiani died 1757, of the House of Dadiani, was Prince of Mingrelia from 1728 until his death. Like his predecessors, Otia Dadiani was embroiled in a series of civil wars that plagued western Georgia.

Otia was the eldest son of Bezhan Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia [see above on BEZHAN], by his wife Tamar Gelovani.

Above
Bezhan Dadiani died 1728, of the House of Dadiani, was Prince of Mingrelia from 1715 to 1728. He acceded to power in a coup against his own father, Giorgi IV Dadiani, and came to dominate western Georgian politics by asserting tutelage over King Alexander V of Imereti until being murdered by Ottoman agents.
Named
Giorgi IV Dadiani died 1715, was Prince of Mingrelia from 1691 to 1704 and from 1710 to 1715.

And we back to SWIATOPELK MIRSKI !

Compare:

Mary / Marija Michailovna Katenin b. ? and died 1903; married 1868 or 1869 to His Highness Prince Nikolaoz / Nikolai Ilyich Gruzinski / Nikolai Ilyich Bagration Gruzinskij of Georgia b. 1844, d. 1916 -
his father Elizbar / Ilija Bagration-Gruzinskij who was b. 1790 and died 1854,
son of
Georgij XII Bagration - Kachietinskij who born 10 October 1746 and died 28 December 1800;
he come from named above
Iraklij 2nd Bagration [Erekle II, king of Kacheti 1744-62, king of united Georgia 1762-98], b. 1720 d. 1798 - see above on EREKLE II.

Note:

Vakhtang VI King of Kartli, b. 15 Sept. 1675 [see above on his son BAKAR],
the son of Prince Levan, he ruled as regent for his absent uncle, George XI, and his brother, Kaikhosro, from 1703 to 1712.

Named Levan known by his Muslim name Shah-Qoli Khan, born c. 1653 - d. 1709, was the fourth son of the king of Kartli Shahnawaz (Vakhtang V). He was a titular king of Kartli in 1709. In 1675, Levan was confirmed as a regent of Kartli during the absence of his reigning brother, George XI (Gurgin Khan).

Vakhtang V born Bakhuta Mukhranbatoni, in 1618, was the King of Kartli (eastern Georgia) from 1658 until his death, who ruled as a vassal for the Persian shah.

He was the son of Teimuraz I, Prince of Mukhrani [see above]. Vakhtang was the first Georgian ruler of the Mukhranian branch of the house of Bagrationi, and succeeded his cousin, David, as the Lord of Mukhrani (Mukhranbatoni) in 1629.

Named Teimuraz I b. 1572, of the House of Mukhrani, a branch of the royal Bagrationi dynasty of Kartli, and Prince (Mukhranbatoni) of Mukhrani from 1580 until his death.

Note:
Above Erekle I [see above], a grandson of the late king Teimuraz I of Kakheti, returned from exile in Russia to claim his succession. He was soon summoned to Iran by Shah Suleiman I as King of Kakheti.

During Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878), the Army commandant in 1877, was Nikolaj Nikolajevic senior, Romanov; that is Mikolaj Mikolajewicz Romanow, b. 1831, d. 1891; Grand Duke, General Adjutant - 1856, General Field Marshal - 1878. Third son of Tsar Nicholas I and Tsarina Aleksandra Fedorovna, born as Charlotte / Charlotta Princess of Prussia. His older brothers were Tsar Alexander II and Grand Duke of Russia, Konstanty Mikolajewicz.

The Knights of the Order of the Garter are the leaders of the Illuminati hierarchy.
Queen Victoria, Alexandrina Victoria, b. 1819, was the daughter of Edward, Duke of Kent.

Edward was the son of George III
{George's father Frederick, Prince of Wales and mother Augusta of Saxe-Gotha}
and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 1744 - 1818.

George III of the United Kingdom and Charlotte of Mecklenburg- Strelitz had also a son Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge who married to
Auguste Wilhelmine Luise von Hessen-Kassel, b. 1797,
the daughter of
Frederick III of Hessen-Kassel / Friedrich III von Hessen- Kassel, born in 1747.

Charlotte's [Charlotte of Mecklenburg- Strelitz b. 1744] brother was Charles II Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz,
whose daughter married the heir of the Prussian crown, Frederick William III.
Above Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 1744 - 1818, was the daughter of Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg, Prince of Mirow.

Frederick II of Prussia was succeeded by his nephew, above Frederick William II, who married Louise of Brunswick- Wolfenbuettel.
She was the sister of FERDYNAND Duke of Brunswick, the Grand Master of the Strict Templar Observance, and who had convened the great Masonic convention at Wilhelmsbad in Hessen-Kassel.

Frederick Wilhelm II of Prussia was the father of named Frederick William III, who became a member of the Order of the Garter. Of Frederick William III and Louise' four children, three married the brothers and sisters of Csar Alexander I.
Frederick William III's daughter, Charlotte of Prussia, married Paul's son, Czar Nicholas I, who succeeded Alexander I, and who also belonged to the Order of the Garter.
Frederick's son Wilhelm I married Augusta of Saxe-Weimar, the daughter of Nicholas' sister Maria Romanov.
A third child of Frederick, Friedrich Karl Alexander of Prussia, married Maria's Romanov other daughter, Marie Luisa Alexandrina von Saxe-Weimar.

The son of Csar Nicholas, Constantine Nicholaievitch Romanov, Grand Duke of Russia / Duke Konstanty, fathered Olga Constantinovna Romanov, who married George I King of Greece.
George of GREECE was a member of the Order of the Garter, as was his father, Christian IX of Denmark.

Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick 1721 - 1792, was mentioned in Robison's secret Illuminati membership list, as the patron of the Asiatic Brethern, an Illuminati offshoot. The Sabbatian Vienna Lodge of the Asiatic Brethren was founded by Jacob Frank's cousin, Moses Dobrushka, alias Von Schoenfeld.
Jonathan Eybeschutz born in Cracow in 1690, d. Altona, 1764, was a Talmudist, Rabbi of the "Three Communities": Altona, Hamburg and Wandsbek. Jonathan Eybeschutz's grandson was Baron Thomas von Schoenfeld.
Count Thadee Lessige GRABIENSKA [Tadeusz Grabianka], Nobleman of Liva, known in Holland under the name of Janiewske [Janiewski]; he was in England under the name of Soudkowski [Sudkowski]; in France and some parts of Germany under the name of Ostap;
in Hamburg and Altona under the name of Slonskimp.
Cagliostro had been initiated into the rite by the COMTE St. GERMAIN. The Comte de Saint Germain born ca 1691/1712, d. 1784, was a European alchemist. In 1779, St. Germain arrived in Altona in Schleswig, to Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel, who also had an interest in mysticism and in secret societies. He had invented a new method of colouring cloth. St. Germain was an Alsatian Jew, Simon Wolff by name, and was born at Strasbourg.

In 1768-1789 two Frankists agents were in Prague and Possnitz.
Jakob Frank was freed by the Russians from Czestochowa in August 1772, and he left the town early in 1773.
He came to Warsaw and in March 1773 escaped to BERNO to Dobruschka until 1786.
In March 1775 met with Austrian Empress. At 1786/1787 established himself in OFFENBACH with the Prince Ysenburg.

Jakob Frank acted together with the Russian Orthodox Church and with the Russian government in 1773 in Czestochowa and Warsaw, but in 1765 Frankist delegation went to Smolensk and Moscow, acc. to Robert Akers.

In 1738, the future Frederick the Great, then Crown Prince, was initiated as a Freemason in Brunswick; "... he invited Baron von Oberg and the writer Jakob Friedrich von Bielfeld, who were instrumental to his candidature, to form La loge premiere / La loge du Roi notre grand maitre at Rheinsberg Castle, with Oberg as Master. He led the lodge himself from 1740. The foundation of the Grand Lodge - 1740, when, with the King's permission, the lodge Aux Trois Globes was formed under the auspices of Charles-Etienne Jordan".
A new lodge created in Meiningen, Frankfurt an der Oder, Wroclaw, Dresden and Neuchatel.
In 1744 they therefore took the name Great Royal Mother Lodge of the Three Globes. In 1738 Masonry of all kinds was condemned by Pope Clement XII. Masonry in Germany is only first revived in 1738, and the first lodge formed in Brunswick that year under the patronage of the Grand Master of SCOTLAND.
In 1737, Oration of Chevalier RAMSAY indicating TEMPLAR origin of Freemasonry; in 1738, Duc d'ANTIN, becomes the Grand Master of the French Freemasonry in the place of Lord HARNOUESTER.
In 1719, James Francis Edward Stuart married at the chapel of the Episcopal Palace in Montefiascone, near Viterbo, to Maria Clementina Sobieska (1702 - 1735), the daughter of Jakub Sobieski, the granddaughter of King John III Sobieski of Poland.
Grand Masters in France - beginning in 1725 - and the two first names placed, in the preceding yearbooks, on the list of Grand Masters, ie. Lord Derwentwater in 1725, and Lord Harnouester in 1726.
The arrest of many freemasons in France in 1738.
Duke d'Antin claimed the Grand Master before 1736. In 1742 in France was more than 200 Lodges. In 1743 RAMSAY died at St Germain. His partisants at Lyon / LYONS contrived the degree of KADOSCH TEMPLAR or holy Templar. These, with innovation of RAMSAY in 1728, afforded materials for the super structure of Freemasonry.
In 1738, Frederick, Crown Prince of Prussia, initiated into Masonry at Brunswick.
1740, Voltaire pays his first visit to Frederick, now King of PRUSSIA.
In 1741, Baron von Marschall arrives in Paris with a plan for reviving the Templar Order under the Scots Masonry.
In 1743, Baron von Hund arrived to PARIS with fresh plans for reviving of the Templar Order.
At Lyons / Lyon in 1743 - degree of the Knight KADOSCH.
1750-1753 Voltaire spend 3 years with Frederick the Great.

Masonry was prohibited in Sweden in 1738.

"... The French writer Louis Figuier, author of L'alchimie et les alchimistes (Paris, 1854), stated that Althotas was no imaginary character, that the Roman Inquisition collected many proofs of his existence, but none regarding his origin or end. ... the name Althotas is composed of the word "thot" with the syllables "al" and "as," which if read cabalistically are sala, meaning messenger or envoy; the name as a whole therefore signifies
"Thot, the Messenger of the Egyptians."
... Althotas has also been identified with Kolmer, the instructor of Adam Weishaupt (a German leader of the Illuminati ) in magic, and at other times with the Comte de Saint Germain".

Count Allesandro Cagliostro (1743-1795) "... fled to Messina, where he assumed the title and the identity of Count Cagliostro. ... It was in Messina that the young man met the mysterious Althotas, a man of Asian appearance ... who upon their first encounter proceeded to reveal the events of Cagliostro's past. As they became better acquainted, Althotas said that he didn't believe in ordinary magic, but maintained that the physical laws were mutable and could be manipulated by the powers of mind. The two traveled together to Egypt ...".
In MEDINA, Cagliostro's governor, an Eastern Adept named Althotas, told him that he was of noble Christian.
"I cannot," Cagliostro testified, "speak positively as to the place of my nativity, nor to the parents who gave me birth." His enemies said that he was Joseph Balsamo.

"According to Cagliostro's own account, he lived as a child named Acharat in the palace of the Mufti Salahayyam in Medina. ... Cagliostro to believe that he was born in Malta. Althotas treated him like a son ... when he came to La Valetta (Malta) in 1766, he and Althotas were welcomed and hosted, by Cardinal Pinto...".

Finally Althotas invited Cagliostro to accompany him to Malta. In 1766, he arrived at Rhodes, and thence embarked for Malta. He was graciously received by the Grand Master, Pinto. "Althotas appeared in the dress and insignia of the Order of Malta. I have every reason to believe that the Grand Master Pinto was acquainted with my real origin".

Althotas, possibly a Greek, but he was speaking a mixture of languages. Grand Master Pinto engaged Altotas to assist him in his laboratory. They were admitted into the Order by Pinto, the Grand Master of the Knights of Malta.
At Malta they assisted the Grand Master Pinto.

"... Some have speculated that Cagliostro was the son of Grand Master Pinto and a noble lady of Trebizond, but Cagliostro never expressed this view himself. While still on Malta, Althotas died. Minutes before his passing he declared to Cagliostro, 'My son, keep forever before your eyes...'."
Then "Cagliostro left Malta in the company of Chevalier d'Aquino for Sicily, the Greek islands, and eventually Naples, the Chevalier's birthplace. While the Chevalier was occupied with personal matters, Cagliostro proceeded to Rome".

"The earliest record of the Rite of Misraim dates back to 1738, but the ritual claims great antiquity involving the Templars and elements of ancient Egyptian knowledge".

Manuel Pinto da Fonseca was a friend of Cagliostro. He met Balsamo-Cagliostro in MESSINA. Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta from 1741, was considered by Count Cagliostro as a true Illuminati.

The Rite of Misraim was filled with alchemical, occult and Egyptian references, with a structure of 90 degrees. Joseph Balsamo, called Cagliostro, gave the Rite the impulse necessary for its development.

In 1764 Rabbi Nachman made Aliyah to Israel
[acc. to Dr. N. M. Gelber]. With him were Rabbi Menahem Mendel from Przemyslany / Peremyshliany, at half way from Busk to Rohatyn; and Rabbi Simhah. The group set sail from Galacz in Romania at present, to Constantinopol, and they sailed together with immigrants to Palestine in Jaffa.

Someone wrote that Teomim of Horodenka was in ALTONA in 1764.
In 1766 Aharon Yitzchak ben Moshe, from the family of Rabbis, the Teomims, left Horodenka for Altona in Germany as a messenger and preacher for the Shabbetean movement. In 1767, he arrived in Altona from Poland. From there Aharon Yitzhak proceeded to Hamburg.
Soon after there were rumors that Aharon Yitzhak was a preacher of the Shabbetai movement. Rav Moshe Teomim had a position as the Rabbi of Horodenka.

In 1779, St. Germain arrived in Altona in Schleswig, to Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel. Altona is the westernmost part of Hamburg. In 1640, Altona came under Danish rule. A major Jewish community developed in Altona starting in 1611, mainly Ashkenazic Jews.

Horodenka was also one of the centers of the Frankist movement.

"Mateusz Mieses mentioned that a German work published in 1714 mentioned a Polish priest who allegedly converted to Judaism in Amsterdam. Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz also talked about Marcin Mikolaj Radziwill (1705 - 1781), who allegedly celebrated Sabbath and kashruth".

Marcin Mikolaj Radziwill, b. 1705 in Ciemkowicze, General Lieutenant, d. 1782 in Sluck,
the son of Jan Mikolaj Radziwill,

[Jan Mikolaj was the son of
Dominik Mikolaj Radziwill, b. 1643,
and Dominik had also the son
Mikolaj Faustyn Radziwill b. 1688,
and the grandson Stanislaw Radziwill (1722 - 1787),
and the great-granddaughter
Franciszka Teofila SOLTAN m. Stanislaw Soltan
born in 1756 in Berdyczow, died 1836 in Jelgava, CONSPIRATOR, who was the father of
Adam Leon Ludwik Soltan, CONSPIRATOR;
and Karolina Piottuch-Kublicka, b. ca 1790, the wife of Jozef Piottuch-Kublicki
- see my family in Miezonka]

and Dorota Henryka Przebendowska 2nd married Franciszek Bielinski.

Marcin Mikolaj Radziwill, b. 1705, was the alchemist. The FRANKISTS leaders maintained a relationship with Prince Marcin Mikolaj Radziwill, b. 1705, who "showed interest in religious issues and who visited Yaakov Frank in 1759".

"In a list of Jews who converted to Christianity after the debate in Lvov, there is not a single name of a Jew from Horodenka. It appears that they remained loyal to the Frankist movement without changing their religion".

In 1766 Aharon Yitzchak ben Moshe, of Rabbis, the Teomims, left Horodenka for Altona in Germany as a messenger and preacher for the Shabbetean movement of Shabbetai-Zvi. First he stopped at Frankfurt am Mein. When he came to Altona he was being forced out of Altona, he went to Yosef Nata, an agent of the Prince of Hallenburg, and then to Hamburg.

Remember:

Stefania Julia Radziwill Princess, b. 1825 [the owner of MIEZONKA], m. ca 1840 to Arkadiusz Chrapowicki born 1821, and 2nd to Kajetan Oskierka born 1821,
with son Adolf Oskierka / Oskierko b. ca 1868 - d. 1901 in Lourdes.
Above Arkadiusz Chrapowicki, 1821 - ca 1900, was the son of Michal Chrapowicki b. ca 1790, d. ca 1850, and Jozefa KORSAK.
The grandson of Jozef Chrapowicki b. ca 1750, d. 1812, and Magdalena Oginska [the 1st wife was Anna Radziwill, Narbut].

Michal Chrapowicki with his second wife, Jozefa Korsak, had the mentioned son Arkadyusz Chrapowiecki married Stefania Julia Radziwill, 1825-1896. STEFANIA RADZIWILL was the owner of MIEZONKA
- see Dominik Konstantynowicz, the owner of Miezonka in 1842, and his son Antoni Konstantynowicz, and the grandson Stanislaw Konstantynowicz + Anna Malkiewicz.

Arkadiusz CHRAPOWICKI married Stefania Julia Radziwill, 1820-1896, the owner of Miezonka until 1842 [1832-1842 the Czapskis were leaseholders]
- the daughter of Mikolaj Radziwill b. 1801, and Wiktoria Emilia Narbutt.
Stefania was also wife of OSKIERKA.

Stefania Julia Radziwill was the granddaughter of Mikolaj Radziwill, older, b. 1747, and Franciszka Butler
[Mikolaj Radziwill, general major of Lithuania, 1747-1811. Son of Stanislaw Radziwill, b. 1722, and Karolina POCIEJ married Radziwill].

The great-granddaughter of Stanislaw Radziwill, born 8 May 1722 in Dzyatlava, died in 1787,
who was the son of
Mikolaj Faustyn Radziwill.

Stanislaw Radziwill was the father of Anna Olimpia Mostowski, and of Franciszka Teofila Radziwill SOLTAN.

Named Franciszka Teofila Soltan nee Radziwill, b. ca 1751, married Stanislaw Soltan, b. 1756. The mother of Adam Leon Ludwik Soltan; Karolina Piottuch-Kublicka; Helena Soltan; and Anna Soltan.

Named KAROLINA Piottuch - Kublicka, nee SOLTAN was the mother of
Emilija Augusta Justina Kublicka;
Adolf Kublicki;
Valentina Kublicka / Walentyna Piottuch-Kublicka;
Anna Benislawska and
OKTAWIA Piottuch Kublicka, the daughter of JOZEF Kublicki and Karolina Piottuch-Kublicka.

Oktawia Kublicka was the wife of JOZEF SZUMSKI [with the son Wilhelm Szumski] and DOMINIK Konstantynowicz [sometimes as Vincentas Konstantinovicius] of MIEZONKA.
This is the line to DOMINIK Konstantynowicz, the owner of Miezonka in 1842 {here the Konstantynowicz family in 1842 - November 1918} - he was from a branch of Miezonka, Kazan, Moscow and Tallinn-Nomme with Viljandi in Estonia.

Kazimierz Chrapowicki, 1817-1881 married to Adela Ciechanowiecka, 1823-1887. KAZIMIERZ's brother was Arkadiusz Chrapowicki / Arkady, m. to Stefania Radziwill. Kajetan Oskierka, b. 1820/1821 + Stefania Julia Radziwill of MIEZONKA, 1825-1896
[Miezonka belonged to the Konstantynowiczs in 1842 - November 1918; before 1842 the village was rented from Stefania Julia Radziwill Chrapowicka, Oskierka by family Czapski / Hutten-Czapski, whose family affinities lead us to Augustyn Dzialynski and Pakosc as well as to the area around Pleszew].
Kajetan Oskierka was the son of Dominik Oskierka b. ca 1770 + Salomea Gizycka.
Dominik Oskierka was the owner of Krasnopol in the Zytomierz county - see HIERONIM STEBNICKI; in 1751 Bartlomiej GIZYCKI built here a church; official in Wyszogrod; Krasnopol belonged to Lubomirski. Close to MOLOCZKI and STRUMILOWKA owned by Lady OSKIERKO.
Dominik Oskierka had a sister Aniela Oskierka, 1770-1804, married Ignacy Kajetan Prozor, b. ca 1770,
with the son
Maurycy Prozor, 1st senior, born in 1801 in UK, the TEMPLAR church
- died in 1886 + Anna Chlopicka, b. ca 1810.

Bogdan Hutten Czapski "was the grandson of two Polish generals - Jozef Grzegorz Longin Hutten-Czapski (1760-1810) and Stanislaw Kostka Mielzynski (1778-1826), associate of Kaiser Wilhelm II, and servant of the Kingdom of Prussia until the end of WWI".

Very interesting that the family of Countess Maria Dorota Leopoldyna Czapska (nick-name Dorota Obuchowicz, Maria Strzalkowska, and Dorota Thun), b. 1894 in Praga, died 1981, Maisons-Laffitte, Polish historian, sister of Jozef Czapski,
the grand-daughter of Emeryk Hutten-Czapski,
met and was talking in Belarus with (in 1892) Bogdan Hutten-Czapski, the next of kin of the Belarussian branch of the Czapskis, who described an estate of the Czapski family close to Minsk;
she was living in Paris, 1925 - 1930.

Maria Leopoldyna Hutten-Czapska / Dorothy Maria Leopoldina Czapska / Countess Hutten-Czapski, b. 1894 / 1895 in Prague, died in 1981, was the daughter of
George and Josephine; above George / Jerzy Hutten-Czapski 1861-1930,
was the son of Emeryk Zachariasz 1828-1896 and Elzbieta Karolina Meyendorff, b. 1833 in Sankt Petersburg, d. 1916;
and mentioned Jerzy was grandson of
Fabianna Obuchowicz b. ca 1800 and Karol Hutten-Czapski, 1777-1836;
also Jerzy was grandson of
Jerzy Wolter Konrad Meyendorff b. 1795 (Georges de Meyendorff d. 1863, diplomate) and Zofia Stackelberg b. 1806.
Above named baron Jerzy Wolter Konrad Meyendorff b. 1795, died in Wurzburg, Bawaria.

In May 1900, Alfred Graf von Schlieffen (acc. to Bogdan Hutten Czapski) gave the political leadership - Chancellors Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe- Schillingsfurst and Bernard von Bulow -
"an early opportunity to object to the politically risky portion of his military thinking ... Accepted by Gerhard Ritter, Fritz Fischer, and Norman Rich, he sought to determine what the Reich political leadership thought about violation of Belgian and Dutch neutrality".

Jozef Kazimierz Sulpicjusz Napoleon Hutten-Czapski / Jozef Napoleon, b. 1797 d. 1852, was the father of famous Bogdan Hutten - Czapski.
Bogdan Franciszek Serwacy Hutten-Czapski / Bogdan Graf von Hutten-Czapski was born 1851, d. 1937.
Bogdan was grandson of Marianna Kornelia Plawinska and Jozef Grzegorz Longin Hutten-Czapski, Count, 1760 - 1810,
who was the son of
Antoni Michal Hutten-Czapski, 1725 - 1792 [more below !];
he was brother of Franciszek Stanislaw Kostka Hutten-Czapski, b. ca 1725
and named FRANCISZEK was the father of
Karol Hutten-Czapski / KAROL CZAPSKI, b. 1777,
and the grandfather of Adam Jozef Erazm Hutten-Czapski, Count, b. 1819,
and the great-grandfather of Henryka Julia Plater-Zyberk, b. 1847, the wife of Wojciech Jan Plater-Zyberk,
who was son of Henryk Waclaw Ksawery Plater- Zyberk, b. 1811 and Adelaida von Keller, b. 1817 in St Petersburg,
who was the daughter of
Sophie Eleonore Marie von Borch
and the grand-daughter of
ELEONORE BROWNE / Css Eleonore Christine Browne, von BORCH, born 1766 in Riga.

Karol Hutten-Czapski was also the father of famous Emeryk Zachariasz Hutten-Czapski, Count, and Karol Ignacy Hutten-Czapski.

Above mentioned Emeryk Zachariasz Mikolaj Seweryn Hutten-Czapski, Count, b. 1828, was son of Karol Jozef Czapski,
and Karol Czapski was owner of Stankow / Stan'kava in Belarus; b. 1777, died in 1836 in Danilovichi / Danilowicze, ca 11 km east-south-east of Stan'kava / Stankowo of the Hutten-Czapskis, and 18 km south-east of Dzyarzhynsk / Dzierzynsk / Kojdanow of the Hutten-Czapski family; west of Dukora of the Oginski family; ca 40 km south-west of Minsk in Belarus now. In 19th cent. it was the Minsk government, the Ihumen county (Cerven now), the Uzda region.

KAROL was the son of Franciszek Stanislaw Kostka Czapski Hutten of the Chelmno province in Poland, and Weronika Joanna Radziwill, the daughter of Michal Kazimierz Radziwill, nick-name Rybenko;
Karol Czapski married to Fabianna Obuchowicz, the daughter of Michal Obuchowicz of Minsk in Belarus;
Karol was brother of
Stanislaw, 1779-1844 / 1845, Colonel of the Polish Army; Marshal of the Minsk county, married Zofia Obuchowicz, the owner of Kiejdany
- mentioned Stanislaw had a son
Marian Czapski Count, born in Lachwa in 1816 Belarus now, d. 1875, Wieckowice in the Posen province / Poznan province, studied in Wilno / Vilnius, 1845 owner of Kiejdany close to Minsk, exiled to Siberie in 1864, Tomsk to 1867, 1867- 1871 Czapski was living in Dorpat, Estonia.

Emeryk Zachariasz Hutten-Czapski studied in St Petersburg, 1863-1864 governor of Great Nowogrod, in 1865 was deputy of the Petersburg governor.

Karol Jozef Czapski leased Miezonka from Radziwill in 1832 - 1842; then Miezonka was belonged to the Konstantynowiczs.

Karol Hutten-Czapski, b. 1777 d. 1836, was the son of Franciszek Stanislaw Kostka Hutten-Czapski and Weronika Joanna.

In 1894 Karol Hutten Czapski was top figure in Minsk in Belarus; ie. Jan Karol Alexander Hutten-Czapski, usually as Karol Czapski (b. on August 15 1860 - d. 1904), the Mayor of Minsk from 1890 to 1901, a Catholic, Count; born in Stankow close to Minsk Litewski, d. 1904 in Frankfurt;
he was the eldest son of Count Emeryk Czapski, known numismatist and Elizabeth of Meyendorff barons.

Mentioned Antoni Michal Hutten-Czapski, 1725 - 1792, General, was the son of Ignacy Hutten-Czapski and Teofila Konopatska.
Ignacy Hutten-Czapski, ca 1700 - 1746 in Rynkowka, close to Starogard Gdanski, was the son of Jan Chryzostom Hutten-Czapski, 1656 - 1716;
and the grandson of Franciszek Miroslaw Hutten-Czapski, b. ca 1620; d. ca 1678;
and the great-grandson of Piotr Czapski, b. ca 1600.

It can be suggested that Piotr Czapski, b. ca 1600, had a brother Jan Czapski, oldest, born ca 1610/1620. From them two lines of the Hutten-Czapski family came from.

Julianna Nostitz-Jackowska (nee Hutten Czapska) b. ca 1820, was the daughter of Tomasz II Hutten-Czapski, 1785 - 1862;
the granddaughter of
Ksawery Franciszek or Ksawery Hutten Czapski, b. ca 1760,
and the great-granddaughter of
Jerzy Hutten-Czapski b. ca 1725, died in 1767, and Konstancja Plaskowska
[Jerzy had a half-brother JOZEF HUTTEN - CZAPSKI, b. ca 1709].
The great-great-granddaughter of Jan Hutten-Czapski and Rozalia Bagniewska; Jan Hutten-Czapski, 1688 - 1736, was the son of Marcin CZAPSKI of Sumow.

Marcin Czapski, b. ca 1640/1650, was the son of OLDEST Jan Czapski, b. ca 1610/1620.
Marcin died in 1718, the first of the Sumow branch; Marcin was the Wenden official, Marcin 2nd m. Teresa Goslawska, 1 voto Jan Zawadzki, d. 1687; Teresa d. 1702.
Marcin had a son Jozef Czapski with the 1st wife, b. ca 1680, d. in 1758, with a son Jan.
Marcin's father was Jan Czapski OLDEST.

We know on Jakub Czapski, m. Marianna Brzezinska in 1678 in Radzyn Chelminski, with a son in 1686, Franciszek. Jakub m. 2nd to Konstancja Balinski, with the son Marcin in 1690.
In 1688, Jakub Czapski m. Konstancja Balinska in Zakrzewo, the Radzyn Chelminski parish. Witness - Sebastian Czapski, the MALBORK official, of Dabrowka, and Jakub Zboinski.

Tomasz II Hutten-Czapski, 1785 - 1862, was the son of Ksawery Franciszek or Ksawery Hutten Czapski. TOMASZ was the father of Julianna Nostitz-Jackowska. Julianna Nostitz-Jackowska (nee Hutten Czapska) was born ca 1820. Julianna was the wife of Ludwik Nostitz-Jackowski.
Ludwik Nostitz-Jackowski died in 1877, was the son of Jozef Nostitz-Jackowski.

Jozef Nostitz-Jackowski, 1767 - 1833 in Skarlin, the Warmia province; was the son of Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski, ca 1729 - 1802;
the grandson of Michal Nostitz-Jackowski and Eleonora DABROWSKA.
Michal Nostitz-Jackowski died ca 1766.
Michal was the son of Jan Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1670, and Rozalia Trzebska.

In Podole, three heresies strongly supported Frankists movement: in Rohatyn, Podhajce and Nadworna. Rohatyn is located 55 km north-west to Podhajce / Pidhaitsi. This was a sect known as the Zoharists or Frankists, after Jacob Frank (1726-1791), deeply steeped in Qabala and ecstatic religious expression.
The Frankists had a doctrine of salvation through sexual ecstasy.
Copyright in 1998 by T. Allen Greenfield:
"... the Zoharists anticipated the sexual magick ... Frank was born in Galicia in Polish territory ... He traveled in the Balkans and got to know the followers of Tzvi. ... About 1751 he proclaimed himself the Messiah ...
Frank maintained that certain elect individuals were above the conventional moral law.
The Frankists continued to practice sexual orgiastic ecstasy as a spiritual sacrament, and soon ran afoul of the Holy Inquisition. ...
Baron Frank's sexual movement among the Jews coincided with the birth and flourishing of the so-called "Hellfire Clubs" of England and France, the Elect Cohens and later Martinists of France,
and other communities with similar ideas and practices of sacred sexuality.
... Be it noted that later in the 19th century another enigmatic Polish Jew, the son of Rabbi Judes Lion Bimstein of Warsaw, came to teach an almost identical sacred sexuality as the Grand Master of the Hermetic Brotherhood of Light. This man was one Louis Maximilian Bimstein, better known as Aia Aziz, and better still as Max Theon. Based in North Africa and France.
The Frankists enjoyed some protection in Roman Catholic circles ... Jakob Frank was himself baptized in Warsaw with the Polish King, Augustus III, acting as his godfather.
Like Count Cagliostro a few years later, Baron Jacob Frank found himself imprisoned ...
He languished there for 13 years until being freed by the Russian conquest.
He relocated to Germany, which then became the seat of the Zoharist movement".

After the death of Bishop Mikolaj Dembowski, the patron of the Frankists, Elisha Schor / SHOR / Wolowski was compelled in the autumn of 1757 to flee across the Turkish border with his followers. He died there.

Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick 1721 - 1792, was mentioned in Robison's secret Illuminati membership list, as the patron of the Asiatic Brethern, an Illuminati offshoot.
The Sabbatian Vienna Lodge of the Asiatic Brethren was founded by Jacob Frank's cousin, Moses Dobrushka, alias Von Schoenfeld.

Jonathan Eybeschutz born in Cracow in 1690, d. Altona, 1764, was a Talmudist, Rabbi of the "Three Communities": Altona, Hamburg and Wandsbek.
Jonathan Eybeschutz's grandson was Baron Thomas von Schoenfeld, an apostate Jew who inherited his grandfather's collection of Sabbatean kabbalistic works. He founded a Masonic lodge called the Asiatische Bruder, one of four Illuminati lodges in Vienna. After his uncle's death in 1791, he was offered the leadership of the Frankist movement which he refused.

Above Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Luneburg, b. 1721, a German-Prussian field marshal (1758 - 1766), from 1757 to 1762 led an Anglo-German army in Western Germany.

The vocation to live a few pseudo-secret organizations, very fast, with extremely strange names and rituals, names dating back to the deep Middle Ages, causes the astonishment and even awakens laughter. In the course of 50 years each of these organizations tried to take control of the other [1740-1790].

Jozef Sulkowski in 1793 married daughter of mentioned Jean-Michel de Venture de Paradis, 1739-1799.
Jozef Sulkowski in 1793 served the secret service of the 'Convention nationale' in Syria, India, Constantinopole, but in Autumn 1794 back to Poland, under Tadeusz Kosciuszko troops; around Nov. 1794 back to Paris, on 1 May 1796 the French Army; in 1796 - 1797 Italy: a friend of Napoleon Bonaparte and on 27th October 1796 his Adjutant [with Joachim Murat].

Stanislaw II August Poniatowski, King of Poland was brother of BISHOP Michal Jerzy Ludwik Poniatowski b. 1736 in Gdansk, d. 1794 in Warsaw, and the brother of Kazimierz Poniatowski [the line to Berezyna-Lubuszany and to Cagliostro].

Michal Jerzy Ludwik Poniatowski was father of Piotr Pawel Jan Maleszewski, 1767 - 1828, who married 2nd time to Jeanne Garran de Coulon, but 1st time married to J. Venture de Paradis or Victoire Francoise Venture de Paradise.

Jean-Michel de Venture de Paradis, born 8 May 1739 in Marseille, died 16 May 1799 in Acri / Acra.
Venture de Paradis, an old military interpreter was on the Egyptian expedition in 1798/1799.
Jean-Michel Venture de Paradis in 1764, worked as interpreter in Sidon / SYDON [see ALTHOTAS and Cagliostro], and in 1770 in Cairo, until 1776, making a number of services to politics and commerce of France. His wife was Digeon Victoria (next of kin ? with Alexander Elisabeth Michel vicomte Digeon / Alexandre Elisabeth Michel Digeon, Major General, b. on June 26, 1771 in Paris, died on August 2, 1826 in the village of Ronqueux, annexed in 1834 to Bullion, near Paris) and they had two daughters.
Jean-Michel Venture de Paradis returning to France to report to Cabinet on the art of Egypt, had to leave for Marseilles, to accompany Barone Tott, who inspected the French warehouses in ports of the Levant, and in 1778 in Cairo.
This mission taken two years.
In 1779 Venture was in Tunis, where he remained for five years as interpreter for the Consulate of France; in 1784 he was recalled in Paris, as Secretary of interpreters of the East;
then posted in Algiers, in order to renew the treaties between France and Algier, in 1790 returned to France;
again in 1793 as Secretary - interpreter, together with the French ambassador to Constantinople; he was arrested in Switzerland at the hands of the Austrians; had expected to Venice 1793 ?, then gone alone to Constantinople where he stayed until 1797; then returned to France, accompanying the Ambassador Ali Effendi. In Paris worked at the Turkish Special School of Oriental Languages​​. When Napoleon undertook the expedition to Egypt, Venture de Paradis was appointed primary interpreter.
During the stay in Egypt, he was appointed member of the Institut of Egypt since its founding, on August 22, 1798 at the section of literature and the arts. He gone with the emperor in Syria, but during the siege of Acre fell ill of dysentery, in the convent of Nazareth, died during the retreat, or he was transferred to Egypt.
Venture de Paradis was one of the most famous Arabists of the time, not only for his languages, but also for his perfect knowledge of the habits and customs of the eastern populations.

Jean-Michel Venture de Paradis that is Jan Michal Venture de Paradis was father of Janina 'Egipcjanka' Franciszka Victoire Maleszewska / JeanneFrancoise Venture / Jeanne Francoise Venture, b. 1774 in Cairo, Egypt; died 1813 in Bourg-la-Reine, France, wife of Antoine Louis / Antoine Breguet, b. 1776, and mother of Louis Clement Breguet, b. 1804.
She was also wife of Piotr Pawel Jan Maleszewski.
Her father Jean-Michel de Venture de Paradis, born 8 May 1739 in Marseille, died 16 May 1799 in Acri / Acra.
Janina Franciszka Victoire Maleszewska, with Piotr Pawel Jan Maleszewski had children:
Victoire Clementine de Laqueuille,
Olimpia Chodzko
and (different father !)
Adela married to Mortier (Adelajda? b. ca 1813 or ca 1815 ?).

So Little Louis Clement Breguet had a half-sister, Adela! And their mother knew the Polish language: although she knew a bit the Polish language from first husband. So half-siblings of Little Louis also come to know from their father, the Polish language and Polish history.

Adela had the surname, which suggests that she could be in St. Petersburg already in the 30's of the 19th century?
And Louis Francois Clement Breguet, 1804 - 1883, when he was in Kazan in the 40's of the 19th century, could know the Polish language and some Russian language!?

Antoine Louis Breguet was born in 1776 [came from NEUCHATEL like MARAT], and ran with his cousin Lassieur, the team of watchmakers working in a studio on the Quai de l'Horloge.
His son was the 'little Louis' - called as its size does not exceed 1.55 m - and was sent in 1824 to Geneva, where he worked as a common laborer.
On his return to Paris in 1827, 'little Louis' devoted himself to the construction of marine chronometers, wrote in 1847 in a notice on its work presented at the Academy of Sciences. In 1832, 'Little Louis' decided to become an electrician.
In 1833, Louis BREGUET married his cousin Caroline Lassieur, the daughter of Louis Lassieur and Sophie Courbin. Lassieur Louis was the son of Marie-Louise BREGUET LASSIEUR - a younger sister of Abraham Breguet of Neuchatel.

On May 20, 1833 Antoine Louis Breguet [died in 1858] signed the sale of his 'Breguet house, nephew and Co.', formed by Louis Breguet and Louis Lassieur; the price of 270.000 francs paid by the three members.
Now, ANTOINE LOUIS BREGUET invented a mechanical counter in 1841, published on induction with Masson and Savart, in the Annals of Physics;
at that time his son Louis Breguet

[Antoine Louis BREGUET had the son Louis Francois Clement BREGUET, 1804 - 1883, married to Charlotte Eugenie Caroline LASSIEUR, 1815 - 1889.
Louis Francois Clement BREGUET, 1804 - 1883, had children:
Louise BREGUET, 1847-1930,
Antoine BREGUET, 1851-1882,
Madeleine BREGUET, 1853-1877]

realized thermometrograph and he had recorded at the University of Kazan in Russia [1842/1843, winter] temperatures of minus 42 degrees; he was appointed a member of the Kazan university in 1843
[here WASYL KONSTANTYNOWICZ, General, was served; the father of Apolon Konstantynowicz married Anna ARMAND].

Also in 1843, Louis Breguet devised, upon request by Arago and using a method assigned Wheatstone, apparatus of rotating mirror, 540.000 per minute! This time was full of activity with the electric telegraph in France, after its discovery by the English.

Louis Breguet [Louis Francois Clement, BREGUET 1804 - 1883] and Alphonse Foy, invented the first telegraph line from Paris to Rouen (1845). Then he participated in the development of the telegraph dial (1849), created a mobile telegraph, a speed controller, a telegraph printer;
Lassieur died in 1851, "Breguet, nephew and Co." became simply the "House Breguet" a name that the company retained for a century. Duflon and Apolon Konstantynowicz co-operated with the BREGUET COMPANY in the 80' of the 19th century. Drzewiecki acted together in St Petersburg with Duflon and engineer BREGUET at the same time.

Hector Charles Henri Edouard MORTAR / baron Charles-Henri-Edouard-Hector married ca 1835 to unknown woman (!), b. ca 1813 (? - ca 1815); maybe she was mentioned ADELA Venture de Paradise, Maleszewska, Mortier?
Hector MORTAR / Charles Henri Edouard Hector Mortier, Count b. in Le Cateau in 1797 - died in Paris in 1864.

We back to Jean-Michel Venture de Paradis, b. 1739 in Marseille, a French orientalist, the son of a family of diplomats. His father had been consul in the Crimea and in other countries of the Levant, ca 1740-1760. At this time Cagliostro and Althotas, and also Jakub Frank were in the Turkish Empire.

Jean-Michel was a military, and he studied at the School of Languages of Louis-le-Grand College in Paris where he learned so well the Arab and Turkish, and at the age of fifteen, was working at the
French Embassy in Constantinople [1754 - ca 1765]. He was a secretary and interpreter of the Embassy of France; at this time Jakub FRANK was in Turkey [bef. 1754 - after 1755].
Jean-Michel held various positions in Syria, Egypt, Morocco, Tunis in 1779 and Algier.
He also participated in the inspection mission of the Levant, by Baron de Tott. He returned to Paris in 1797 at the School of Oriental Languages, the Turkish​​. The member of the Commission on Science and the Arts, military interpreter of the Army of the East. Member of the Institute of Egypt on August 22, 1798, at the section of literature and arts.
Jean-Joseph Marcel, who was his pupil, said he died of dysenterie, others talk of plague. Another hypothesis says he died on April 19, 1799 in Nazareth, ill after the Siege of Saint John of Acre.
He was married in Cairo to Victoria Digeon (on June 14, 1774), with two daughters, one of which, Jeanne Venture de Paradis married in 1810 (?) to watchmaker Antoine Louis Breguet, son of the famous Abraham Louis Breguet, which is a branch of Clementine Celarie.

Jean Michel de VENTURE b. 1701 in Marseille, had a sons
Jean Joseph de VENTURE
and Jean Michel de VENTURE de PARADIS born 1739 Marseille -
and Jean-Michel de Venture de Paradise had children:
1.
Unknown by name de VENTURE de PARADIS married to Jozef Sulkowski / Joseph SULKOWSKI born in 1770 in the Poznan province in Poland - died in 1798 in Cairo / Kair / Caire, Egypt: the friend and aide de camp to Bonaparte,
friend with Muiron, Vivant Denon, Carnot, Augereau, and Bourienne; Captain, was wounded at the Battle of Arcole in November 1796 between French and Austrian forces, southeast of Verona during the War of the First Coalition, a part of the French Revolutionary Wars;
shortly before his death, he married one of the daughters of Venture de Paradis, an old military interpreter on the Egyptian expedition;
in 1798 in Cairo were murdered General Dupuy, and the Bonaparte's Aide-de-camp Joseph Sulkowski.
and 2.
Jeanne VENTURE de PARADIS 1774 - 1813 married to
a.
Ludwik / Louis MALESZEWSKI
with children
Klementyna nee Maleszewska / Clementine MALESZEWSKI married to de LAQUEILLE, and
Olimpia Maleszewska / Olympe MALESZEWSKI married to Leonard CHODZKO, b. 1800 - died in 1871;
b.
m. 2nd in 1810, Paris to Antoine Louis BREGUET, 1776 - 1858, with children:
A.
Louis Francois Clement BREGUET, 1804 - 1883, married to Charlotte Eugenie Caroline LASSIEUR, 1815 - 1889.
B.
Louise Charlotte Clementine BREGUET, 1810 - 1887, married to Dr LIONNET.

The friend of named Piotr Maleszewski was Andrzej Michal Horodyski, who in 1798, took over secretary of the Polish Republicans Society after ERAZM Mycielski.
In 1801, Andrzej Horodyski was the direction of the Society. Maintained encrypted correspondence with H. Kollataj - became one of Kollataja's closest friends.
In 1802, Horodyski became a shareholder of the Trzycieski, Horodyski et comp. - commercial house, which was also opened in Odessa, to which they also received:
P. Maleszewski
[see Venture de Paradise / Sulkowski / Napoleon, and Breguet - Duflon in Russia + Konstantynowicz, Nobel, Armand],
J. K. Szaniawski
[area of Wieruszow and Szaniawski was the family of Erazm Mycielski who was living close to PLESZEW as neighbor of the Kiedrzynski family.
General Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski approached Gen. Dabrowski's opponents - he became friend with Jozef Kalasanty Szaniawski and Andrzej Horodyski,
with whom he was later considered, at the time of the Duchy of Warsaw, as one of the leaders of "Polish Jacobins"]
and J. Drzewiecki, older
[see DUFLON in St. Petersburg co-operated with DRZEWIECKI younger - his family. Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company financed Lenin's activities through a wife of Apollon Konstantynowicz, ie. Anna Konstantynowicz nee ARMAND - she come from Maria Paszkowska, the daughter of General Franciszek Paszkowski.
Anna was the best friend of Inessa Armand,
the lover of Lenin].

Andrzej HORODYSKI after the invasion of the Russians in 1813, he became associated with Adam Jerzy Czartoryski. In time of The November Uprising was connected with General Skrzynecki. He was a member of the freemasonry lodge of Isis / Izis in 1811/1812, a member of the 'Great Kazimierz Wielki' in 1819/1820 [1816, 'Casimir the Great' worked until the dissolution in 1821]. 'Izis' in the east of Warsaw - a Polish masonic lodge opened on April 1, 1780.

Carsten Niebuhr left Gottingen for Copenhagen [ILLUMINATI Royal Court] in the autumn of 1760, and was in Marseilles [a stay of a few weeks at Marseilles - see the family of the Venture de Paradise here], Malta and then in Constantinopole [Istanbul] and Egypt [Alexandria - in Egypt he was in September 1761 until October 1762 - compare MISRAIM from 1738 in London].
"The Maltese knights treated Niebuhr with marked distinction, offering him all the honours and advantages of their order after his return from the expedition..." [ILLUMINATI].
Carsten Niebuhr's impressions of Malta are documented in a travelogue of 1774.
In Warsaw during 10 days rest, in 1767 Carsten Niebuhr met Stanislaw Poniatowski, the King of Poland.

The criminality of the Illuminati's plans was confirmed in the Vatican by Cagliostro in 1790;
and in 1793, by Abbe Barrvel in "The memorials illustrating the stories of the Jacobins"
and in 1797 by professor John Robinson, the author of the book "Evidence of conspiracy" published in Great Britain.
By The Vigilant Citizen in 2018, Volume 1: Hidden Knowledge -
"... the Order's quick rise to success was due to a secret meeting between Weishaupt and Cagliostro ... In INGOLSSTADT / Ingolstadt, Cagliostro ... to have met Adam Weishaupt... Calling themselves heirs to the Knights TEMPLAR, ...".
By C. & C. Kearsley, 1791 -
"...Barberi in the Italian original has no idea that Cagliostro is talking about the Bavarian Illuminati.
Cagliostro mentions they operated as superiors of a Frankfurt Templar lodge of the Strict Observance.
Barberi never links this "Illuminati" to that of Weishaupt.
Cagliostro's interview at Frankfurt took place in 1780.
Thus, in Barberi's work it is a fairly innocuous reference, printed in 1791. ...".
By Frank G. Ripel -
The Order [GERMAN Illuminati] was founded by Adam Weishaupt and it also belonged to the Grand Copt, Count Alessandro di Cagliostro [in 1776].
Nine years later, in 1785, the Order was ban.
E. A. Bucchianeri - 2008 -
"... Weishaupt sought to raise his doctrine of human perfectibility ... Mgr. George Dillon declares that
Weishaupt and Cagliostro were closely connected ... Cagliostro, who travelled all over Europe under the instructions of Weishaupt...".

"... CAGLIOSTRO ... Fascinated by Freemasonry, uniquely suited to it, and always in need of an influential connection and a place to stay, he was an active Freemason, and invented the 'Egyptian Rite', founding lodges in Europe.
Rumor says CAGLIOSTRO joined Adam Weishaupt's Bavarian Illuminati, itself suspected of dedication to the overthrow of European states.
Indeed, whether by intent or fortune, he has been regarded as one of the causes of the French Revolution if only for arousing sympathy as yet another popular person, rightly pissed-off after being screwed over by the State, and willing to complain loudly about it - usually from a distance.
His reputation and friendship in France with the wealthy and powerful but opportunistic Cardinal Rohan led to his being charged in the famous 1785 'Affair of the Diamond Necklace' in France, from which he was acquitted. ...".

The Illuminati had to immigrate to France after being caught in Bavaria. Their goal was to fight the monarchy.

Sir Francis DASHWOOD [the HELLFIRE CLUB] was a friend of the name WEISHAUPT
- by Steven L. Akins.

In 1774, in Poland was established the Grand Priory of the Order of Malta, headed by Prince Adam Poninski.
In 1798, Napoleon Bonaparte setting off on the Egyptian campaign took Malta and the Order was exiled.
Above Adam Poninski b. 1732, was the Speaker of Parliament from 1773 to 1775, and the Prior of the Priory of the Polish Order of the Knights of Malta. In Poland were two 'komandorie' (Commanderies). Friendly to CAGLIOSTRO.

The Order of the Knights of Saint John, also known as Order of Saint John, Order of Hospitallers, Knights Hospitaller, and the Hospitallers, were among the most famous of the Roman Catholic military orders during the Middle Ages. The Roman Catholic order was further damaged by Napoleon's capture of Malta in 1798 and became dispersed throughout Europe - mainly to St Petersburg.

"It was also known as the RITE of MISRAIM, ... From as early as 1738, traces of the Rite of Misraim can be found, which include alchemical, occult and Egyptian references with a structure of 90 degrees.
Through his association with the Grand Master of the Order of the Knights of MALTA, Manuel Pinto de Fonseca, Cagliostro founded the Rite of HIGH EGYPTIAN MASONRY in 1784.
Between 1767 and 1775 he received the ARCANA ARCANORUM ... from Sir Knight LUIGI D'AQUINO, the brother of the national Grand Master of NEAPOLITAN MASONRY.
In 1788, Cagliostro introduced them into the RITE of MISRAIM ... The Rite was composed of 90 degrees, taken from SCOTTISH RITE Freemasonry, MARTINISM and other Masonic traditions...".


Stanislaw Kostka Potocki was admitted to the lodge "Bouclier du Nord" in 1780 or 1781.
In 1784, he moved to the lodge "Temple of Isis", ... the Egyptian rite
... After obtaining high degrees in years 1784 - 1790 Potocki became the Speaker of the Grand.
S. K. Potocki dressed as a Rosicrucian of a VII degree. By the time highest in Poland.

The Rabbi Samuel Jacob Falk (1708-1782) as one of MISRAIM members. He is linked to Jacob Frank, and was a neighbor to Swedenborg. Swedenborg was a Jacobite spy. Swendenborg apparently met Rabbi Samuel Jacob Falk.
Falk was one of the 'Unknown Superiors' of the Rite of Strict Observance, founded by Karl Gotthelf, Baron Hund (1722-1776) in 1754 [or in 1749; 1751].
Jacob Frank's godfather was King Augustus III of Poland.

In 1743 the Masons of Lyons invented the Kadosh degree, comprising the vengeance of the Templars, and thus laid the foundation for all the Templar Rites. It was at first called Junior Elect.
... The Rite of Strict Observance was carried from France to Germany as early as 1749 [1754].
Von Bieberstein, as Provincial Grand Master, was succeeded at his death, about 1750, by Karl Gotheif, Baron Von Hund, and Alten-Grotkau.
The Rite of Strict Observance erected in 1754 [or 1749], the foundation of which was attributed to Baron von Hund; it propounded a theory that freemasonry was developed directly from the Crusading Templars;
the Rite was mainly elaborated by Jean-Baptiste Willermoz,
including some items coming from the Elect Cohen Order and denying the Templar legacy.

The Duke of Montrose
survived quite well until he directly opposed the infamous John Knox at his own peril and perished as a result. In St Petersburg as Robert Belford, Count!
Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (1720 - 1788),
the Pretender, was Grand Master of the TEMPLAR Order, under the title of 'EQUES A SOLE AUREO', from 1743, until his death in 1788.
After escaping from Scotland in 1745, there were two secret Great Masters of the Templar Order. One resided in Paris until 1788 [Charles Edward Stuart].
The second was in St Petersburg until 1765 [Count Belford ie. The Duke of Montrose = Count Belford / Earl = Robert Belford, Count, 'Eques a Sole aureo', died in Russia in 1765 but born ca 1704 or in 1706 = Lord Belford].
This was Count Belford
"... The last ... Lord Belford, who lived at ... Voroncof's house ... told me that [Lord] OGHIV imparted the only true and real facts but to a minority of Brethren. ...
[in 1813] The last one [Chapter] was established by Scotland in St Petersburg through Oghiv and Williams, but in the 60s or 70s [of the 18th cent.] it had only three members left".
Who was the last Grand Master of the Order of the Temple whose name in the series of the Magister Ordinis was a Sole aureo?
This was Count Belford = Lord Belford, The Duke of Montrose = Count Belford / Earl = Robert Belford, Count, Eques a Sole aureo, died in Russia in 1765 but born ca 1704 or in 1706.

On 31 March 1702 James Graham, 4th Marquess, married Christian Carnegie, the daughter of David Carnegie, 3rd Earl of Northesk. Together they had 4 or several sons, including
Robert Belford, Count, Eques a Sole aureo, died in Russia in 1765. Born ca 1704 or in 1706.

Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (1720 - 1788), was the second Jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Scotland, France and Ireland (as Charles III).
In 1742, Lord Kilmarnock and other exiled Stuart participants received Karl Gotthelf, Baron Von Hund into the Order of the Temple in Paris showing the Jacobite Templar link still existed;
and in 1745, Prince Charles Edward Stuart given a gala meeting for the Chivalry of the Order in Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh.
Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (1720 - 1788) was the elder son of James Francis Edward Stuart and of Maria Clementina Sobieska, b. 1702, the granddaughter of John III Sobieski.

Samuel Falk met Baron Theodor de Neuhoff in London.
"Falk records a mysterious meeting with Prince Czartoryski, probably the governor-general of Podolia
[Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski, b. 1734, d. 1823, an influential Polish writer and traveller, his first cousin was the King Stanislaw August Poniatowski.
ADAM KAZIMIERZ Czartoryski served from 1758 as general governor of Podolia / PODOLE. He was the co-founder of the 'Monitor' in 1765, the leading periodical of the Polish Enlightenment {Illuminati}.
In 1766 he reorganized the army of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and he supported the Polish Constitution of 3 May 1791, and headed a diplomatic mission to Dresden.
He was the son of Prince August Aleksander Czartoryski, governor of the Ruthenian / LWOW Province],
and with one Emanuel, whom he describes as 'a servant of the King of France'.
He is also believed to have given the Duke of Orleans, to insure his succession to the throne, a talisman, consisting of a ring [Philippe Egalite] ...".

And St. Germain, an Alsatian Jew, Simon Wolff by name, born at Strasbourg, with the title of the Count of St Germain during the early 1740s, called an Italian, a Spaniard, a Pole, was
in London in 1745. St. Germain understood Polish.

Pidhaytsi / Podhajce / Podhaitza / Podgaytsy was belonged at the begining of the 18th century to the Potocki family, to Feliks Kazimierz Potocki and his son and the grandson Eustachy Potocki, then Marian Potocki, 2nd son of Count Jerzy Potocki. Jerzy Potocki died in 1747.

Samuel Falk was born in Poland to a Sabbatean family and came to England in 1742 [or after 1737].
Rabbi Jacob Emden accused Falk of being a Sabbatean, as he invited Moses David of Podhayce / PODHAJCE [the Kabbalist, Mosze Dawid of Podhajce or Moshe David mi-Podhajce], a known Sabbatean with connections to Jonathan Eibeschutz, to his home.

In this way, in Podole, three heresies strongly supported this movement: in Rohatyn, Podhajce and Nadworna. In the second half of the 18th century, Frankism was also very influential in Rohatyn, 55 km north-west to PODHAJCE / Pidhaitsi.

In 1755, Elisha Szor and Nachman of Busko / BUSK went to Turkey to meet Jakub Frank
[the family of FRANK came from the Turkish provinces: Bulgaria and Romania].

Rohatyn - Dobrzanica - Podhajce, and the Krasinskis of Krasne, my family Kiedrzynski, and Samuel Falk of Podhajce - in 1738, Misraim as the beginning of the Illuminati Order [1765 - 1776 - 1779].

In Podole, three heresies strongly supported Frankists movement: in Rohatyn, Podhajce and Nadworna. Rohatyn is located 55 km north-west to Podhajce / Pidhaitsi.

The first supporter of Sabbath in Rohatyn was Elish Shor / Elish / ELISHA Schorr, born in 1688, died in 1757 - then the WOLOWSKI family.

Rohatyn is associated with a character of Wilhelm Reich and homosexual ideology, with line to Krasinski, Jan Klemens Branicki and the Poniatowskis. Dobrzanica = Dobzau, is settlement were Wilhelm Reich was born. Dobrzanica was close to ROHATYN of the Krasinskis from KRASNE [Krasne near to PRZASNYSZ]. Dobryanychi = DOBZAU, the Lviv Oblast, now in Ukraine, 27 km north to ROHATYN.

Ludwik KRASINSKI was the owner of Krasne - south-east to Przasnysz; Ursynow close to Warsaw; and Rohatyn in GALICIA.

Rohatyn / Rogatin in the 2nd part of the 18th cent. belonged to Jozef Bielski / Bilski. In 1772, Rohatyn was taken by Austria.
In 1775, Dss Zofia Lubomirska nee KRASINSKA took Rohatyn. Named Jozef Bielski b. 1774 in Lwow, was the official of Rohatyn. He was 2nd married to Konstancja Bekierski. Konstansja was buried in Bielawince / Bilawynci, close to BUCZACZ.
Named Zofia Krasinski Lubomirska (1718 - 1790) nee Krasinska, 1st m. Jan Tarlo, and 2nd she was married Antoni Lubomirski; she was the member of the BAR Confederation in 1768, she was the guardian to Franciszka Wettyn nee Krasinska.
In 1775, Dss Zofia Lubomirska nee KRASINSKA took Rohatyn.

Mentioned Franciszka Krasinski b. 1742 in Maleszowa, d. 1796 in Dresden, was the daughter of Stanislaw Krasinski and Aniela Humiecki; the wife of Duke Karol Krystian Wettyn of Courland.
Franciszka Krasinska was living in Maleszowa, within Kielce County; then in Warsaw, under care of Zofia Lubomirski nee Krasinska, her aunt. Here she met Karol Krystian Wettyn.
Franciszka's father - Stanislaw Krasinski + Aniela Humiecka.

Above Stanislaw Antoni Krasinski died in 1762, General, the Royal official in 1752, the PRZASNYSZ governor in 1752, the son of Aleksander KRASINSKI (ca 1674 - 1730, buried in Lisowo), who was the Sandomierz official and the Wislica governor, m. Salomea Trzcinski.

Stanislaw Krasinski was the brother of named Zofia nee Krasinski.

Rohatyn, close to Brzezany, in 1864 was owned by Piotr Krasinski.
Ludwik Jozef Adam Krasinski was the owner of Rohatyn.
Rohatyn, with Babince, in 1904 belonged to Maria Czartoryska / Marya Ludwika Czartoryska, Dss. = Countess Maria Ludwika Krasinska (1883 - 1958) was a Polish noblewoman, heiress and landowner, and an art collector. Maria was married to Prince Adam Ludwik Czartoryski in 1901.
Maria's father - Ludwik Jozef Krasinski of Rohatyn, b. 1833 in KRASNE close to Przasnysz + Magdalena Zawisza Kierzgaillo.
Ludwik m. in 1860 widowed ELIZA BRANICKA, after death of ZYGMUNT Krasinski in 1859. In 1863/1864 and after The January Uprising, Ludwik Krasinski of KRASNE, co-operated with LEOPOLD KRONENBERG.

Maria's grandfather was August Krasinski b. in 1797 in Modly, d. in 1857 in Krasne. KRASNE bef. 1831 belonged to AUGUST KRASINSKI, the aide to General SKRZYNECKI; August's son was LUDWIK Krasinski b. 1833 in KRASNE;
August's wife - Ludwika nee Krasinski, the daughter of the Ciechanow official,
and the granddaughter of
Michal Hieronim Krasinski, the Bar Confederation of 1768 Commander
[Michal was the brother of Bishop Adam Krasinski, of Kamieniec Podolski, when Carsten Niebuhr in 1767 was here].

Countess Maria Ludwika Krasinska (1883 - 1958) was the great-granddaughter of Jozef Krasinski, 1763-1816;
the great-great-granddaughter of Ludwik Krasinski = Ludwig Krasinski
[the son of Franciszek Krasinski, 1710-1752 and the grandson of Pawel Krasinski].

Remember on Juliana Konstancja Kiedrzynska married ARNOLD, b. 1770 / 1772 - d. 1811 or Julianna Kiedrzynska; her sister was Petronela Kiedrzynska.
Above PETRONELA KIEDRZYNSKA married to Melchior Jan Pradzynski [compare the Pradzynskis and the Kiedrzynskis of WOLA WIAZOWA].

Above Juliana ARNOLD had a son ARNOLD, 1814-1885, and a granddaughter 1845-1935 married in 1867 in OSZCZEKLIN to WOLOWSKI, ie. to
Marian Jozef Edward Wolowski 1838 - 1909 [= Edward Wolowski 1838 - 1909, the son of Ksawery WOLOWSKI, b. Dec. 1792 - Warsaw].

Ksawery WOLOWSKI d. 1867 in Oszczeklin, was the son of Andrzej Wolowski.
Andrzej Wolowski [b. 1751 or after, in Rohatyn, bpt. in LWOW in 17th September 1759; died in Warsaw in 1808, + Teresa Matuszewska, 1740 {?} - 1805 in Warsaw;
acc. to Bieganowski. Acc. to me she was born ca 1760].

Stanislaw Kossakowski (1721-1761), a governor of Podlasie, and in 1748 the governor of Kamieniec Podolski until death in 1761? Stanislaw was the son of Piotr Dominik Kossakowski, d. 1730 in Lwow. The grandson of Mikolaj Stanislaw Kossakowski, died in 1706, the Kiev governor. Mentioned Mikolaj Stanislaw Kossakowski, died in 1706, was the owner of Twierdza and Bohorodczany; the Kiev governor.
Mikolaj Stanislaw Kossakowski had the grandson Stanislaw Kossakowski, d. 1761, married KATARZYNA POTOCKA - Css in 1781, and she took the estates of Kossakowski, husband.

Bohorodchany - 90 km south to ROHATYN, is a settlement in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, several miles from Ivano-Frankivsk.

In 1806, Izabela Czartoryski Lubomirska, the owner of the Teczyn estate, which included, among others, Krzeszowice village
[close to TONIE of the General Franciszek Paszkowski, the friend of General Tadeusz Kosciuszko, and of General Franciszek Fiszer - Polish intelligence Commander],
wrote to her grandson Artur Potocki from Podhajce and he took the property after the death of his grandmother in 1816. Since then, Krzeszowice has become the seat of the Potocki family. Then Andrzej Kazimierz Potocki of Podhajce, 1861-1908, and Adam Wladyslaw Artur Potocki of Podhajce, b. 1896.

When Cagliostro back to WARSAW, in June 1780, he had a performance at the Boguslawski Palace. In this year, he founded the Egyptian Masonic Lodge in Warsaw [MISRAIM]. Cagliostro came to Warsaw in the first days of May 1780. He got introduced to Prince Kazimierz Poniatowski, chamberlain, and count AUGUST Moszynski.

Prince KAZIMIERZ Poniatowski, chamberlain, b. 1721, a Deputy Chamberlain of Lithuania (1742-1773), Commander of the Royal Army, was the brother of the last King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, Stanislaw II Augustus, who saw in his nephew a possible successor and heir to the throne of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
[ie. Stanislaw Poniatowski younger, the son of named Kazimierz Poniatowski].

Kazimierz's Poniatowski family owned BEREZYNA - LUBUSZANY landestate, close to Miezonka
[then the Potocki family took Berezyna-Lubuszany estate; they came from ARTUR POTOCKI, the Templar Freemason. Miezonka belonged to the Konstantynowiczs in 1842].
Both, Kazimierz Poniatowski and the KING were born to Konstancja Czartoryska (b. 1700).

Jan Nepomucen Poninski (1735 - d. aft. 1782), known as Ignacy August Piotr Poninski = Jan Poninski, the son of ANTONI Poninski with the 2nd wife SALOMEA SZEMBEK
[Antoni Jozef Poninski / Eques Polonus or Joannes Maximilianus Krolikiewicz, died in 1742. Married 1st - Zofia Woronicz; 2nd - Salomea Szembek],
was in 1771-1775 in Paris;
visited STRASBURG / Strasbourg [to de ROHAN ?].
In 1779, in Poland acted as FREEMASON, under Strasbourg - in Cracow and Warsaw,
with
J. L. TOUX de SALVERTE,
Michal Oginski,
Kazimierz Nestor SAPIEHA,
and Jan Potocki of Pinsk.

Jan Nepomucen Poninski co-operated together with
August Moszynski,
Alojzy BRUHL,
and Andrzej Mokronowski in 1780, under Strasbourg.

Jan Poninski / Jan Nepomucen Poninski was in Courland [to von MEDEM ?];
and Russia in 1781 to Ksawery Branicki;
Jan fought against Michal MNISZECH in St Petersburg.

The King Stanislaw August PONIATOWSKI, met just before his election, foreign occultist Toux de Salverte, who was friendly with August Moszynski.
Count August Moszynski, thoroughly acquainted with chemical processes, managed the physics cabinet funded by the king in the Warsaw castle and was an active member of the Physical Society founded in 1777. From the beginning he referred to Cagliostra with distrust and even hostility. The performance of the Italian magician and the ILLUMINATI promised to be extremely interesting. He undertook experiments on an elderly Toux de Salverte, which Stanislaw August became extremely interested in and he prepared a philosophical stone for transmutation of metals into gold.

On June 6, 1780, Cagliostro sent to Stanislaw August Poniatowski, living in his summer palace in Lazienki, the mysterious letter.

Cagliostro - Balsamo fled Warsaw on 28 June 1780.

A series of French letters by Jan Lukasz Toux de Salverte from Warsaw in the years 1786-1788 were sent to the chamberlain Krzysztof Oledzki, who lived in Raudany property. Toux de Salverte was in a difficult position then. He was sick, lonely, and his possible supporters and friends,
Treasurer Adam Poninski,
August Moszynski
and governor Hylzen left Poland or died.

These Scottish degrees, or so-called Templar system, made rapid progress, and as it had headquarters in the Jesuit College of CLERMONT at PARIS, was termed the System of Clermont.
The System of Clermont was introduced in Germany in 1751, by the Baron HUNDT, as the Strict Observance rite. System of Clermont contemplated the restoration of the Stuarts to the throne.
Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart, was the second Jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Scotland, France and Ireland. In 1742, Lord Kilmarnock and other exiled Stuart participants received Karl Gotthelf, Baron Von Hund into the Order of the Temple in Paris showing the Jacobite Templar link still existed.

Traditional Martinist Order i.e. the Elus Cohen of Martinez de Pasqually.
The Elect Cohens, were a society of Cabbalists, organised on 'Scottish' Masonic lines, who were influenced by the Spanish Alumbrados / Sufi;
"...they were the first group to be called the FRENCH Illumines, or Illuminati, though their relatively conservative views were diametrically opposite to the GERMAN Bavarian Illuminati.
It was founded in 1765 by the Freemason Jacques de Livron Joachim de la Tour de la Casa Martinez de Pasqually, of Grenoble, France, and the Order was initially only open to Master Masons.

Clirici Ordinis Templariorum / Clerics of the Knights Templar;
it was the clerical brand of Templarism
[see:
in France in 1705 - 1749;
in 1750 in French Brittany;
see Count Belford who had flown from Scotland to Russia;
in Ireland 1750/1760 or since ca 1758-1760;
on 24th June 1758 in Tipperary at Lodge No 296 (see below) with Sir Chas. A. CAMERON;
Berlin in 1760;
in Ireland in 1765 - Sir Edward Gilmore].

Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (1720 - 1788), the Pretender, was Grand Master of the TEMPLAR Order, under the title of 'EQUES A SOLE AUREO', from 1743, until his death in 1788.
And after Stuart, JOHN OLIVANT of BACHILTON succeeded him as the Templar Grand Master.
John OLIPHANT, d. 1795, or Olyphant of BACHELTON, 2nd., and held the office until his death, on 15th Oct., 1795.

Alexander Deuchar was elected the new Grand Master;
he was a Freemason and also a Harold of Lord Lyon at his court.
Alexander Deuchar was elected Commander of Edinburgh Templar camp in 1808.
He was helped in his affords by his brother, David Deuchar from the third Battalion of Royal Regiment / King's Scotsmen. Deuchar capped a cross from the Templar Church at the Tomar Castle in Portuguese.
In 1796 Alexander Deuchar becomes the Heritor to the Jacobite Templar legacy.
Alexander Deuchar (1777 - 1844) stayed in Lyon, his family had been Jacobite; in 1807, Deuchar holds a meeting of Knights Templar in Edinburgh;
the new Order started formally in 1805 "when a charter was issued to by the Early Grand Encampment of Ireland (previously the High Knight Templars of Ireland Lodge), under the title of the Edinburgh Encampment No 31" -
it became the Grand Assembly of Knights Templar in Edinburgh.
The Templar degree had filtered into the lodges of the Antients from Ireland about 1780.
In 1791, Dunckerley became the Grand Master of the first national Grand Conclave of English Masonic Knights Templar;
then followed,
in 1805 by their Royal Patron, Duke of Kent, who became Grand Master himself.

Thomas Dunckerley (1724 - 1795) was a Provincial Grand Master of several provinces, and in 1767 King George III claiming to be his illegitimate half brother.

SALVERTE wrote:
"The famous Szmul Chaim Falk did great works in his life; Rabbi Abraham gave us evidence of Abramalima's knowledge in the cabbalae...".
From this work written in German, it was allowed to make copies, some of which are in Vienna.

The ILLUMINATI in Berlin since 1778/1779 took the number of new members.
So in September 1780 the friend of Tadeusz Grabianka, 50-year-old Roniker, goes personally to Pernety. Soon he obtains a great trust of both Illuminati and is allowed to work on the "Great Work".
Brumore, personally came to Poland, to Ostapkowiec / Ostapkowce (1782), with the intention of ending the whole "operation." Further attempts were made - in Ujejski's opinion - in Ostapkowce or perhaps in the Sutkowiec castle in 1782 [Sutkowce].
Pernety left Berlin in November 1783, accompanied by the count Tadeusz Grabianka, "returned to Avignon and accepted, at the end of 1784, the invitation of the Marquis de Vaucroze, a wealthy landowner in Bedarrides, who said he was ready to welcome them to his home, in one of his properties, the 'Temple of the Mount' Thabor".
On his return to AVIGNON, PERNETY became friendly with the Marquis de Vaucroze, who installed Pernety in a little house on his estate at Bedarrides, a few miles from Avignon, 120 km north-west to Marsylia.

The German Illuminati were called to life by Adam Weishaupt on May 1, 1776.
They used the name 'Ordo Illuminati Germaniae'. The symbol of the Enlightened was the pyramid with the omniscient eye at the top (identical to that found on dollar banknotes).

Weisshaupt / WEISHAUPT collaborated with Count Alessandro di Cagliostro
[compare Cagliostro's visits to Adam Poninski, Poniatowski in Warsaw, and in Curland, St Petersburg, Naples and Malta - Turkey - Egypt; in London].

Cagliostro with Manuel Pinto, the Grand Master of the Order in Malta - the Illuminati net with Carsten Niebuhr, 1761-1767 - were the core of Illuminati Conspiracy and of Russian intelligence.

Tadeusz Grabianka [during 1778/1779 - 1807] and the Templars [1785-1790-1805] tried to take over this enemy organization of Germans and Russians.

The Russians created ideologies for this underground political intelligence and the system of secret organizations [40' of the 18th century, Freemasonry, too].
Marxism, atheism, and feminism as well abortion movement, mixed with anarchism, they were supposed to be the basis for contacts with Soviet Russia in the 1960s of the 20th century.
There were quite other people behind direct killers in 1901 and 1963:
in 1901 they organized weapons and money, provided organizational contacts, and in 1963 they gave home, work and political contacts.
An uninterrupted intelligence system [1738/1741-2020] is depicted on this website and on other pages in my domain 'konstantynowicz.info'.

This structure was based, among others on genealogies and places of residence in Belarus, Lithuania, Estonia, in Russia and Poland, as well as Scotland and Ireland. In addition, in France and Switzerland.

To conquer the North American west coast [Alaska - to California] they created - [beginning in 1706/1721/1738/1741] through contacts on Malta - the intelligence network in Central and Western Europe [phase 1741-1791].
This organization was called the Illuminati [official beginnings of 1765/1776/1778/1779].

In Poland it was built from the side of Kamieniec Podolski / Kamianets-Podilskyi and Podolia / Podole [with Podhajce, Rohatyn, Skala Podolska], through Warsaw and western Great Poland / Wielkopolska [Wilkowo Polskie - Stary Bialcz ?].

Pernety indicates an important date in his role in the history of Swedenborgianism:
September 29, 1779. ... The group came to be universally known as the Illuminati in Avignon. Who were the first members of this group? ...
Count Thadee Lessige GRABIENSKA [Tadeusz Grabianka], Nobleman of Liva, known in Holland under the name of Janiewske [Janiewski]; in England under the name of Soudkowski [Sudkowski]; in France and some parts of Germany under the name of Ostap; in Hamburg and Altona under the name of Slonskimp.
The Stadnickis - the same ones who are in Jedlno for three / four generations associated with the Mecinski [then the Walewski-Mecinski branch], the owners of Dzialoszyn and Jedlno.
It's the same Stadnicki family, from which the wife of Tadeusz Grabianka was - the head of the Illuminati [Berlin of winter 1778/1779 - until 1807], who was killed in 1807 in St Petersburg - over 200 years ago - and the Russians declassified the documentation for some of the English university at present.

Secret accusations of Tadeusz Grabianka, of course, claim that he has done something illegal, typically without proof that this is the case - alleged international anti-Russian conspiracy.
It was not just in Avinion and Paris but in London, where Grabianka acted around the same group of buildings - 70 meters - of the Browne family / BROWN, from 1870 the Breguet company owners.

The "sect" of Tadeusz Grabianka [since 1778/1779], or The Order of Illuminati, it is a Polish intelligence network created during the collapse of the Polish-Lithuanian State and it is a secretive intelligence and political organization working to rebuild independent Poland in conditions when the entire territory of the country was occupied by three hostile neighbors.
In the absence of state independence, Tadeusz Grabianka created the foundation of a political intelligence.
It was the period of his activity from 1778 to the murder in 1807 in Russia.

Tadeusz Grabianka used social engineering methods, he had the ability to recruit collaborators [like Cagliostro] - for example during a visit to London [then this network surrounds Edward Brown], which lasted almost a year - and he could recruit future "soldiers": a courier, probably also murderers, heads of smaller underground groups.

Tadeusz Grabianka co-operated with the French intelligence. At the same time -

Teodor Billewicz, in July 1771, is recruiting, at the secret meeting, Jacek Antoni Puttkamer, the former marshal of the duchy.
Teodor Billewicz not wanting to recognize the partition, sat in Gdansk in 1772;
in the autumn of 1773 together with K. Radziwill visited Mainz, Dresden, he went to Gdansk, and again, to leave for a few years to Germany.
Probably he returned to Zmudz at the same time when back to Nieswiez Radziwill (1778).
At that time, he accepted the chamberlain post from Stanislaw August Poniatowski, ca 1779/1780 - compare Jan Wolanski in Szawle ca 1770/1795.

In 1779 the High Knights Templar of Ireland Lodge, Kilwinning, obtained a charter from Lodge Mother Kilwinning in Scotland.

Cagliostro from Paris in 1778, came to Germany, and the Great Poland to ADAM PONINSKI. He went to Konigsberg and in COURLAND, Mitau / Mitava, and went to Saint Petersburg until 1780.
Then from Warsaw [compare Tadeusz Grabianka in 1778 in Warsaw to the Templars; 1778/1779 in Berlin], in a few months Cagliostro appears in Strazburg / Strasbourg in 1780;
he met Cardinal Rohan, to play a prominent role in Paris in 1781. In 1782, he founded the Order of Egyptian Masonry and stood at its head.

"True Mason", or Academy of True Masons, was instituted in 1778. The rite of Pernetty, or Illuminati of Avignon, established in 1779 [in Berlin], but in 1778, it was in Montpellier, under the name of Academy of the True Masons.
This Lodge, or the Academy, constituted, on March 5th, 1785, at Saint-Pierre of Martinique.

In 1776, in MARTINIQUE was Tadeusz Kosciuszko and Br. BYSTRZANOWSKI.

Cagliostro arrived in St Petersburg in 1779 [until 1780], but earlier he visited some important people and places in the following order: Adam Poninski in Poland [maybe in Wilkowo Polskie - the land of the SZOLDRSKI family, his next of kin] in about September 1778 - February 1779; Konigsberg / Krolewiec on 25th February 1779; Mitau / Mitawa in Courland about 01st March 1779 [to von Medem and von Recke].
Cagliostro met in Mitau in March 1779, Charlotte Elisabeth Konstantia v. Recke, ie. ELISA.
Elisa's father was Freemason, like her uncle -
OTTO von Medem, the brother of her father.
They together [ca 1740/1745] in Strasbourg learned alchemists.
They were members of the Strict Observance lodge in MITAU [the Rite of Strict Observance was a Rite of Freemasonry, from 1749/1751/1754].
Chancellor von KORFF in Konigsberg on 25th February 1779 thought Cagliostro is the secret Jesuit agent on a mission.

Pernety brought in others like the French priest Guyton de Morveau, known as Brumore,
along with Morinval,
Melle Bruchier,
Countess Stadniska [STADNICKA / Teresa Stadnicka Grabianka, 1749-1826],
the Count and Countess Jean Tarnowski
[JAN TARNOWSKI / Jan Amor Tarnowski, general of the Crown troops, and his wife Tekla Grabianka Tarnowska from Pankracewice (1740-1805) - the Vinnytsia county],
and others.

In 1778 or in 1779, with the arrival of Count Tadeusz Grabianka, the Illumines were formally constituted (acc. to Garrett in 1975, p. 101; and to Harrison in 1979, p. 70)" in BERLIN.
Among the prominent Illumines were
the Chevalier Marie Daniel Bourree de Corberon (1748 - 1810);
Dr. Bouge;
Jean Pierre Moet (1721-1806), the Marquis de Thome;
and Esprit Calvert, a professor of physiology at the Avignon medical faculty.

The group in BERLIN worked under the control of Louis Joseph Bernard Philibert Guyton de Morveau, called Brumore (1738-1786);
and under command of the alchemist and former Benedictine
Dom Antoine Joseph Pernety (1716-1796);
and the Polish count
Tadeusz Grabianka financed the alchemical experiments
of the sect [Kalinowski's money].

The 1785 congress convened by the Amis Reunis and the Philalethes was also attended by the
Anton Mesmer, Comte St. Germain
and Comte Cagliostro, another student of Rabbi Falk.
Cagliostro, had known all the secrets of Dr. Falk.

Catherine the Great was reportedly also associated with the Comte St. Germain. St. Germain was in St Petersburg, where he participated in a conspiracy when the Russian army assisted Catherine in usurping the throne from her husband Peter III of Russia.

The criminality of the Illuminati's plans was confirmed in the Vatican by Cagliostro, in 1790, in front of a Roman tribunal of the Holy Inquisition.

And Abbe Barrvel wrote on the ILLUMINATI PLOT, in 1793, in his book "The memorials illustrating the stories of the Jacobins";
and in 1797 by professor John Robinson, the author of the book "Evidence of conspiracy" published in Great Britain.

All three conspiracy centers, Brittany, Malta, Scotland, were taken over by Russian intelligence. This happened gradually in the 18th century. Russia built its power in the 18th century and took every opportunity to act against France, anti-English, and anti-Spanish. The goal was to conquer Western North America on the Pacific coasts. This plan was implemented from the 20s of the 18th century by Peter the Great, to 60's of the 19th century when Alaska was sold to the Americans.

In much later times, Russian and Soviet intelligence carried out two coups in the US: in 1901 and in 1963.

It was one and the same organization that in 1917/1918 worked in Bolshevik Russia without a break and without change.
They were looked after by people like:
Feliks Dzierzynski,
Uljanow Lenin,
Romuald Pilar Pilchau and
Artuzow Frautchi from Switzerland.

The transfer of people from the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth began in the years 1860s and 1870s, mainly from modern Belarus, Lithuania and ethnic Poland.
Often, to hide the origin and roots of these people [national minority from ex-Grand Duchy of Lithuania], they were given the term 'Russians' from 'Russia'.
This applies, of course, to everyone from Zmudz / Samaites, around Grodno / Hrodna, and the Minsk Governorate of Belarus.

The Russians created ideologies for this underground political intelligence and the system of secret organizations [Freemasonry, too]. Marxism, atheism, and feminism as well abortion movement, mixed with anarchism, they were supposed to be the basis for contacts with Soviet Russia in the 1960s of the 20th century.
There were quite other people behind direct killers in 1901 and 1963:
in 1901 they organized weapons and money, provided organizational contacts, and in 1963 they gave home, work and political contacts.
An uninterrupted intelligence system [1741-2020] is depicted on this website and on other pages in my domain 'konstantynowicz.info'.

This structure was based, among others on genealogies and places of residence in Belarus, Lithuania, Estonia, in Russia and Poland, as well as Scotland and Ireland.
In addition, in France and Switzerland.

To conquer the North American west coast [Alaska - to California] they created - [beginning in 1721] through contacts on Malta - the intelligence network in Central and Western Europe [phase 1741-1791].
This organization was called the Illuminati [official beginnings of 1776/1778/1779].
In Poland it was built from the side of Kamieniec Podolski / Kamianets-Podilskyi and Podolia / Podole, through Warsaw and western Great Poland / Wielkopolska.

In Germany: Courland [then German-Polish territory], Konigsberg, Berlin, Neuchatel [then in Prussia], Brunswick and Strasbourg.

In Great Britain: southern Ireland, Scotland, London.

In Russia, among others the Tver Governorate and Minsk Province in Belarus and Vitebsk Governorate [together with Polish Livonia].

It was until 1870 / 1871-1909 but then the Illuminati turned into globalists, and from the 1950s-1960s the ideology of world globalization is also used, as well as globalism and [after 1968] atheistic liberalism derived from Marxism.

After the 1963 coup in the US, globalists take over the US.

It allows for the 90s of the 20th century modernized Russia, and China had - after 2000 - the possibility of sucking money from the USA.
Long-term goal:
seizing power over Northern Hemisphere after 2030.

Two coups in the US, September 1901 and November of 1963, and the murder of General Wladyslaw Sikorski in July 1943, as well as the Smolensk Catastrophe in April 2010 in Smolensk, are the result of the operation of one and the same intelligence organization created in Tsarist Russia, but infiltrated since the 1880s through the 19th century by the Polish independence conspiracy and by Baltic Germans
[Pilar-Pilchau; Mohrenschildt; Dzierzynski; Pilsudski; Paszkowski-Armand-Konstantynowicz of Miezonka and Moscow; Count Konstantin Alexander Karl Wilhelm Christoph von Benckendorff].

After 1871 [Albert Pike to Giuseppe Mazzini], it was known that British intelligence and the Polish underground aimed at overthrowing the family's power Romanov in Tsarist Russia
[compare the branch of Romanov-Oldenburg-Japaridse-Armand-Saparian].

It was not until May 1937 that the communist Russian counterintelligence took over power again in Soviet Union [Great Purge], which led to the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939.

So we have one underground system using social engineering:
Illuminati [Tadeusz Grabianka and Cagliostro],
globalists [Zbigniew Brzezinski],
and Russian political intelligence [along with the network of Leopold Kronenberg and Loewenstein after 1865].

This hostile structure was ruled over Russia in Europe and North America after 1741 to 2016 [until Donald Trump].

So the introduction of Pinto as Grand Master in Malta [1741] was a victory for the Russians and Spain. Then introduction of Emmanuel Marie des Neiges de Rohan-Polduc was anti-France and also a victory for Spain and Russia.
The temporary takeover by France in 1705 of the Knights Templar ended after Stuarts exile to France and to St Petersburg. In parallel, the Scots took over the Knights Templar in France in the 1740s and parallelly Scots with Irish settled in Russia after 1706.

Russia after 1741 had in its hands the Templars and Scottish conspiracies, both in Malta and Russia.
Scotland was England's main enemy in the 18th century. Malta had France for an enemy.

But Russia wanted to eliminate power of France [1789] as well England [tea revolution case] and Spain [Yukon case].

The Illuminati were created for this purpose in the 70s of the 18th century. Russia took over the underground in Poland at that time [1767 Carsten Niebuhr in Kamieniec Podolski and Cagliostro met Adam Poninski and the Poniatowskis], leading to the liquidation of Poland 1772-1795.

Russia's peak achievement was entering Paris in 1814, after the occupation in 1813-1814 all of Europe from Lithuania to the Seine [Sekwana] and Paris.

Fra' Emmanuel Marie des Neiges de Rohan-Polduc (1725, in la Mancha, Spain / Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha - 1797, in Valletta, Malta) was a member of the influential Rohan family of France, and Prince - Grand Master of the Order of St. John from 1775 to 1797. Emmanuel Marie des Neiges de Rohan Polduc, was Grand Master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, followed Ximenez's death in 1775.
The family branch of de Rohan-Polduc come from Jean II de Rohan-Gue-de-l'Isle, who died in 1517; and from Louis de Rohan-Polduc, died in 1584. Next figure was
Jean-Baptiste I de Rohan-Polduc [b. ca 1670 ?] d. 1711, m. in 1690, to Pelagie Martin, dame de Chateaulin, the daughter of Philippe de la Bouexiere.
Above Jean-Baptiste I de Rohan-Polduc was the son of Isaac de Rohan-Polduc [1620-1690 ?], m. in 1638 to Alienor de Kerpoisson.
And the grandson of Jerome de Rohan-Polduc [b. ca 1590 ?], married in 1610 to Julienne Le Metayer.
Mentioned Jean-Baptiste I de Rohan-Polduc d. 1711, m. Pelagie Martin, dame de Chateaulin, with the son Jean-Baptiste II de Rohan-Polduc d. 1755, m. Marie Louise de Velthoven,
and grandchildren:
Jean-Baptiste de Rohan-Polduc b. 1724,
Marie Pelagie de Rohan-Polduc de Groesquer (1724-1753),
and
Emmanuel Marie-des-Neiges de Rohan-Polduc, b. 1725 in la Mancha in SPAIN, ambassador, general of the galleys, bailiff of Justice, general of the land and naval forces, Knight of Malta, grand master of the Order of the Hospitallers of Saint John of Jerusalem.

Above Jean-Baptiste II de Rohan-Polduc d. 1755, married in 1723 in Pays-Bas, comte du Polduc, born in 1691, was the member of a conspiration de Pontcallec against Regency. He was exiled to Spain / Espagne.

In 1715, after Louis XIV died, France was heavily in debt after many years of war. The Estates of Brittany refused to extend new credits to the French state. The Regent sent Pierre de Montesquiou d'Artagnan to Brittany as representative of the King. In July 1718, more radical delegates to the Estates were exiled.
Meanwhile a conspiracy was established with Philip V of Spain and the Duke and Duchess of Maine. In December 1718, the Duke and Duchess of Maine were arrested. The rally had been noted. Meanwhile the Spanish offered support to overthrow the Regent.
In August 1719, a group of peasants led by Rohan of Pouldu forced a group Royal soldiers sent to enforce tax collection to retreat. The conspirators was arrested at Nantes.
Three frigates containing Irish troops were sent by the Spanish to Brittany. Some conspirators fled with them.
In December 1719 other participants were also detained.

The Pontcallec conspiracy was a rebellion that arose from an anti-tax movement in Brittany. France was controlled by Philippe II, Duke of Orleans during the childhood of Louis XV.
The Regent, Philip II, Duke of Orleans, was the Grand Master of the Templars. Philippe, Duke of Orleans, was elected the Grand Master of the Templar Order in 1705. He had convened a General Convent at Versailles in 1705. It was during the course of this Convent that the General Statutes were presented.

Above Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, duc du Maine, b. 1670, was made a colonel-general of the Swiss Guards. Du Maine's greatest enemy at court became his father's sister-in-law, the duchesse d'Orleans, known at court as Madame.

Marie Louise de VELTHOVEN married in 1723, to Jean-Baptiste II de ROHAN, comte du Polduc, who had the son De Rohan born in la Mancha, Spain on 18 April 1725, served in the courts of Madrid and Parma, before becoming an ambassador to Francis I. He joined the Order of St. John, and served in several posts. "He was considered as a potential successor to Grand Master Manuel Pinto da Fonseca following his death in 1773, but Francisco Ximenes de Texada was elected instead". Ximenes was died in 1775, and was succeeded by De Rohan.
"De Rohan instituted the Anglo-Bavarian langue, which was housed in the former Palazzo Carniero. In 1797, he established the Russian Grand Priory, which later evolved into the Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller".

Important explanation to the Secret Network - from ILLUMINATI of Tadeusz Grabianka to GLOBALISTS of Zbigniew Brzezinski:

At 'wikiveilleurs.net/doku.php' and according to Alfred Weysen in his book 'L'Ile de Veilleurs' (1972), we read on a Masonic link between the Grabianka and Marcolla families:
"... Grabianka finds himself in London, then in Russia where his grandson will be Marcola's freemason brother, the grandfather of Georges Marcola ... [...] Under the account of Ostap Grabianka, he was seen returning from London in St. Petersburg in 1809. ... the message of the Treasury Templar Castle Val de Croix. In the second edition of the book (1990), Alfred Weysen introduces a slight variation on the nature of the link between the grandson of Tadeusz Grabianka and Georges Marcolla's grandfather ... Georges Marcola died in 1984".

By K. E. Sjoden in 1995:
"... Pernety indicates an important date in his role in the history of Swedenborgianism: September 29, 1779. ... The group came to be universally known as the Illuminati in Avignon. Who were the first members of this group? ...
Count Thadee Lessige GRABIENSKA [Tadeusz Grabianka], Nobleman of Liva, known in Holland under the name of Janiewske [Janiewski]; in England under the name of Soudkowski [Sudkowski]; in France and some parts of Germany under the name of Ostap; in Hamburg and Altona under the name of Slonskimp.
... This letter of October 20, 1781 constitutes a veritable gold mine for those who take an interest in Pernety and his activities. I became aware of it thanks to a copy translated into Swedish located in the Royal Library in Stockholm... A letter from Grabianka to the Dutch editor Pierre F. Gosse of February 24, 1787, published in ... Hague, 1884...
Included among them were his wife, his mother-in-law, Countess Stadnisca [Stadnicka], his daughter Annette Grabianka [Aneta Grabianka], his sister and brother-in-law, Count and Countess Jean Tarnowski [Jan Tarnowski], as well as Mademoiselle Bruchier from Strasbourg, who was his daughter Annette's tutor and also the ... medium.
... But it was Louis-Joseph-Bernard-Philibert de Morveau, known as 'Brumore', initiated prior to Grabianka, who was even more influential.
Brumore served as librarian to the King's brother, Henri [Henry], at his Castle of Reinsberg, near Berlin. Henri had hired a troop of French actors, one of whom, Bauld de Sens, was also a member of the secret Society. It is known that he entrusted Pernety and Brumore with two rare documents dealing with alchemy ...
I have found some mention of the Prince in the register of the members of the Illuminati in Avignon...".

Anna Grabianka, ie. Anna Grabianka Raciborowska was the daughter of Tadeusz Grabianka - both they were the ILLUMINATI.
Anna's new aspirant, promoted by Piotr Stadnicki {Piotr Kajetan Stadnicki died in 1791, the Lieutenant of the 5 Brigade, the son of Franciszek Ksawery STADNICKI}, namely Leon Raciborowski of BRZEZANY [or Ludwik Raciborowski ?], was later her husband. Franciszek Ksawery Stadnicki d. 1775, had a siblings:
Aleksander Stadnicki of Kiev;
Stanislaw Stadnicki, the Kamieniec Podolski official; the Latyczow clark, acted in Podolia !;
Mikolaj Maciej Stadnicki, the governor of Kamieniec Podolski.

Franciszek Ksawery Stadnicki d. 1775, married Jadwiga Kumanowska, with 7 children:
Piotr Stadnicki, the ILLUMINATI in Berlin;
Jan Tomasz Stadnicki, the Latyczow official;
Ignacy Stadnicki, the Latyczow official.
Anna Grabianka, born 1772, was the first child, as NANETA = ZANETA Grabianka = Anna GRABIANKA. She had 2 brothers.
In 1781 her father - TADEUSZ GRABIANKA - moved to Europe from Rajkowice / Rajkowce. So the main thought of the [Polish-French] Illuminati Order is the work of Tadeusz Grabianka. The thought of taking power in Russia was a central idea guiding the Polish underground from the 80s of the 18th century until 1917. The first step was made by Jozef Sulkowski, then Adam Mickiewicz, and Israel Parvus from Berezina. The continuators of the main thought of Tadeusz Grabianka about taking power in the tsar state - in the Russian Empire - was Jozef Sulkowski and Jozef Pilsudski.
Teresa Stadnicka, 1749-1826, the daughter of Stanislaw Stadnicki and Martyna = Marta Lanckoronski, was the wife of named Tadeusz Grabianka. They owned Sutkowice, Ostapkowice and Rajkowice at Podole / Podolia.

Named Stanislaw Stadnicki was the son of Jan Stadnicki and Katarzyna Peplowska - Stadnicka.

Stanislaw Stadnicki was the brother of Franciszek Ksawery Stadnicki.

Above JAN Stadnicki died in 1740, the son of Mikolaj Franciszek Stadnicki [b. ca 1660 ?].
Above MIKOLAJ: died in 1714, the son of Franciszek Stadnicki [b. ca 1620/1640 ?].

According to Jangast, in his book 'The Enigma of the Cross Valley, Templar Treasury', Jangast affirms its part a genealogical link between the families Grabianka and Marcolla:
"Tadeusz Grabianka returned home in 1793/1794, and he is very angry with the revolutionaries, but he saved his head... He is going to marry his daughter Annette, born in Avignon and who is already twenty, with the son of a neighbor, a great landowner, bearing the name of Gregoire [she was married to Leon Raciborowski or Ludwik Raciborowski]".

From his marriage to Teresa Stadnicka, daughter of the Stanislaw Stadnicki and Marta Lanckoronska [Martyna Lanckoronska Stadnicka], Tadeusz Grabianka had three children:
Anna Grabianka RACIBOROWSKA [Zaneta] (born 1773), m. Ludwik Raciborowski;
Antoni Grabianka (born 1775), the Ploskirow official, married to Honorata Stadnicka (d. 1881);
and Erasmus Grabianka (born 1777), married to Helena Skrocki.

Tadeusz Grabianka settled in Avignon, where he founded the New Israel.

"... Annette [Aneta Raciborowska] will find in her father's papers a note written in Lithuanian saying: 'In the vaults of the old castle of Val de la Croix, is the treasure of the Knights Templar. The saint and the truth show the way'.
For Annette, it's Hebrew, because she's not aware of her father's business and she does not understand anything. ...
castle of the Val de Croix where is the treasure of the Knights Templar, which we have spoke our grandfather, find him and come back rich...
the Count of Grabianka to confirm that Dom Pernety, founder of the Illuminati of Avignon, knew the site of the Verdon? Jangast: Nothing. No writing, proves that Pernety came to the Verdon.
... Count Grabianka, the official of Liv in Lithuania, meets Pernety in Berlin when he is librarian of the Berlin Library, placed in this post by Emperor Frederick II. out of the empire in 1783, for obscure reasons. Dom Pernety worked in Berlin on the realization of the Philosophers' Stone. Count Grabianka will follow Pernety in Avignon, he will participate in the work on the stone, until the final result in 1788.
The revolution occurs in 1789 and in 1793, the count and his family, get a safe conduct to go home. He died around 1801 [1807 !]. When he died, he gave the secret of the Val de la Croix treasure to his daughter Annette [= Aneta or Zaneta Raciborowska Grabianka], who had already married a son Marcolla".

The Raciborowski family:

Raciborowski, in the Oswiecim Duchy - Marcin Raciborowski in 1648, married to Zofia Trzebinska. His brother Aleksander Raciborowski, had a son Szymon Raciborowski and Szymon married Barbara Pieniazek, the daughter of the Sieradz governor; Barbara had a daughter Maryanna m. 1st Michal Szamowski; 2nd to Stanislaw / JĂłzef Jezierski, the Lukow official.

Jozef Raciborowski b. 1689, d. 1756, m. ca 1730 to Marianna Libiszowska b. ca 1700,
with:
Wojciech Raciborowski, the Latyczow official, 1734-1798, + Agnieszka Grocholska + Dominika Lipinska; with children:
1.
Ludwik Raciborowski b. 1762 + 2nd Css Aleksandra Brzostowska, 1780-1864 [and 1st Anna Grabianka] with Ludwika Raciborowska 1805-1866.
2.
Pius Raciborowski 1767-1821 + Antonina Pawsza.

Wojciech Raciborowski in 1778 was the Czerwonogrod official. His son LUDWIK or LEON Raciborowski in 1788 married 1st Anna GRABIANKA. Ludwik m. 2nd ca 1800 to Aleksandra Brzostowska, the daughter of Count Aleksander Brzostowski, 1750-1820, + Anna Maria Wodzinska.

Above Aleksandra Brzostowska, 1780-1864:
her grandparents -
Adam Brzostowski 1722-1792; Dss Genowefa Oginska 1725-1792;
Mikolaj Wodzinski of Liw;
Godlewska.
The great-grandparents:
Konstanty Benedykt Brzostowski the Lithuania official, 1682-1722;
Duke Jozef Tadeusz Oginski, 1693-1736;
Teresa Wojna-Jasienicka, 1695-1743;
and Dss Anna Wisniowiecka, 1695-1732.

"... Did he hear this story from M. de Bedarrides, who had bought Chateau de Vaucroix? Nobody can say it. According to his descendant, he reports to Valcros that T. Grabianka never came here ...
On the other hand, according to my research, it appears that it would be Pernety who would have painted the painting of Saint Augustine and
... who would have made the second document, written with texts in Latin, in Greek and another language resembling Egyptian hieroglyphics ...
is another version, concerning the document made by the knight in 1312. ...
He goes to Avignon and he, ... to complete his work that takes place at the Marquis de Bedarrides Vaucrous, in a house later named Mount Thabor, lent by the Marquis, a patron.

The 'cooking' of the stone begins in March 1785, it must cook three years, with a temperature ... 24h on 24, watched by followers. The cooking will end in the month of July 1788 and the stone will be deposited in the agreed place. ...
is cost several million gold francs, it is not the followers, nor the patrons who paid, so who, if not Pernety, himself ...
It has been said that Pernety had gone to Vaucrous, with the Marquis de Bedarrides and his family, to paint different subjects which fascinated him, flowers, insects, in 1784.
... In 1785, in March, he began cooking the Great Work.
... the castle was sold and the notary clerks found that Vaucroix's term was abnormal ... Vaucrous. Or for another reason? If Bedarrides - Vaucrous is the owner of the castle, he can very well take Dom Pernety. The latter will return after 1792, with followers, ...
only Grabianka will carry the secret, which he will divulge to his daughter [Zaneta = Aneta = Annette].
Ludwik (or Leon) Raciborowski, after marrying her in Kumanow in 1795. ... Anna died in 1796,
shortly after her marriage (Ludwik will remarry nine years later) and without descendants...".

Network:

Cagliostro and Tadeusz Grabianka [Stadnicki, Kalinowski, Grabianka, Tarnowski families] - Malta and ILLUMINATI - Carsten Niebuhr in 1761/1767 - Kamieniec Podolski [Rzewuski, Tarnowski, Kossakowski and Stadnicki officials] - Bishop Adam KRASINSKI and the Bar Uprising in 1768 - Krasne close to Przasnysz - Leopold Kronenberg of Brzezie and Wieniec near to WLOCLAWEK closest to Ludwik Krasinski [+ Szymanowski and Wolowski] - Krasinski, Popiel and the Roman family at the Przasnysz district - Zbigniew Brzezinski in USA [GLOBALISATION] - and the net back to the beginning to Stadnicki and Mniszech [1742/1749] with Oginski and SOLTYK [+ Bystrzanowski] - FREEMASONS and ILLUMINATI.

At the end of the 18th century, freemasonry (especially the Masonish rite of TEMPLARS Strict Observance, and also subordinate to Templars - the Scotish Rite Improved) was infiltrated by the Illuminati (i.e., the Enlightened One).

In 1751, Baron Karl Gotthelf von Hund und Altengrotkau began the Order of Strict Observance [with the superior, Prince Charles Edward Stuart], which came from the reconstituted Templar Order in 1743 in Paris. Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (1720 - 1788), was the second Jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Scotland, France and Ireland (as Charles III). In 1742, Lord Kilmarnock and other exiled Stuart participants received Karl Gotthelf, Baron Von Hund into the Order of the Temple in Paris showing the Jacobite Templar link still existed; and in 1745, Prince Charles Edward Stuart gave a gala meeting for the Chivalry of the Order in Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh.

The German Illuminati were called to life by Adam Weishaupt on May 1, 1776.
They used the name Ordo Illuminati Germaniae. The symbol of the Enlightened was the pyramid with the omniscient eye at the top (identical to that found on dollar banknotes).
Adam Weisshaupt / ADAM WEISHAUPT collaborated with Count Alessandro di Cagliostro [compare his visit to Adam Poninski, Poniatowski in Warsaw, and in Curland].

Weisshaupt's goal was a permanent revolution [compare PARVUS] and destruction of the current order [see Nestor Trubecki and Lenin]. The organization of the Illuminati was hierarchical, the individual degrees were isolated from each other.

It was forbidden to talk about the organization and its activities [compare the speech of John F. Kennedy in April 1961 on the secret societes ie. Russian communist network - the President expalin in the next day !]. The sect had three classes divided into two grades.

The criminality of the Illuminati's plans was confirmed in the Vatican by Cagliostro; and in 1793, by Abbe Barrvel in "The memorials illustrating the stories of the Jacobins" and in 1797 by professor John Robinson, the author of the book "Evidence of conspiracy" published in Great Britain.

And from the curiosities -
a certain Izydor Kiedrzynski [died bef. 1802/1803; my great-great-great-great-grandfather] was sent from the Pleszew - Raszkow - Bieganin [close to Kalisz, b. 1749] area to Jedlno [close to Radomsko, ca 1775/1776 - a way to the Illuminati line: Lanckoronski - Grabianka - Stadnicki - Soltyk branch]; there were a few of them, also a lot of cream of society somewhere near to Pleszew-Kalisz [Billewicz, Rozdrazewski, Stadnicki, Wezyk, Jordan, Mycielski, Bardzki], from the 40s of the 18th century.

The Stadnickis - the same ones who are in Jedlno for three / four generations associated with the Mecinski [then the Walewski-Mecinski branch], the owners of Dzialoszyn and Jedlno.

It's the same Stadnicki family, from which the wife of Tadeusz Grabianka was - the head of the Illuminati [Berlin of winter 1778/1779 - until 1807], who was killed in 1807 in St Petersburg - over 200 years ago - and the Russians declassified the documentation for some of the English university at present.

Secret accusations of Tadeusz Grabianka, of course, claim that he has done something illegal, typically without proof that this is the case - alleged international anti-Russian conspiracy.

It was not just in Avinion and Paris but in London, where Grabianka acted around the same group of buildings - 70 meters - of the Browne family, from 1870 the Breguet company owners.

With Breguet who also was here [Clerkenwell-London], and he cooperated in watches, with this French spy, who sent Kosiuszko and Bystrzanowski from France to Martynika in Summer of 1776.

Clerkenwell - Lenin, Trotsky, the Knights Templar, Breguet, Grabianka, etc. also went to this district of London. Of course Marat, too. Marat was from Neuchatel in Switzerland.

Also in Neuchatel were Breguet, Duflon, and the Neuchatel Masonic Lodge what later founded sister's lodge in Colombo in Dutch Sri Lanka. Here, tea plantations were later established around Colombo. With Scottish families like Ernest Rutherford's relatives. With the Rothschild Tea Estate at Pussellawa and Rutherford from Scotland [Rutherford at Maskeliya in 1885 - Rutherford Henry was a tea planter in Sri Lanka and was involved in importing it to England. He heard about waterproof plywood - compare Tallinn in Estonia] - from this physicist who downloaded Kapica [see: Stebnicki, Konstantynowicz and Wernadski] we already have a simple way to study of nuclear weapons in the Soviet Union.
Kapica is the Stebnicki and Vernadski family, and of course with the Konstantynowiczs!
Then, with Kurtshatov and Joffe in Leningrad, two Konstantynowicz played the top role.
But for 20 years, as the Americans write, their names change and remove from the memorial boards; it's search on the soviet television.

The "sect" of Tadeusz Grabianka [since 1778/1779], or The Order of Illuminati, it is a Polish intelligence network created during the collapse of the Polish-Lithuanian State and it is a secretive intelligence and political organization working to rebuild independent Poland in conditions when the entire territory of the country was occupied by three hostile neighbors.

In the absence of state independence, Tadeusz Grabianka created the foundation of a political intelligence. It was the period of his activity from 1778 to the murder in 1807 in Russia.

Tadeusz Grabianka used social engineering methods, he had the ability to recruit collaborators [like Cagliostro] - for example during a visit to London [then this network surrounds Edward Brown], which lasted almost a year - and he could recruit future "soldiers": a courier, probably also murderers, heads of smaller underground groups.

Tadeusz Grabianka co-operated with the French intelligence.

Tadeusz Grabianka also knew that in every country [Berlin, London, France, Austrian Galicia, Russian Podole and Ukraine; in Russia] after some time his conspiracy would be taken over by counterintelligences of these countries.
However, Tadeusz Grabianka's aims were at the same time attractive to France and Great Britain.

Thus, the situation will appear in which our Polish resistance conspiracy will help to other countries - including the US and not only through official state channels, as Thomas Jefferson said - and to the royal courts [George III, Duke of Kent].

And the reverse, other countries gladly use our underground networks.

It was not alchemy and sect. These were chemical laboratories where it was possible to produce poisonous and hallucinogenic drugs for Polish intelligence in the absence of an independent state.

The goals have changed over the next years.
In the 70s of the 19th century, the Polish conspiracy [Koziell-Poklewski] unequivocally led to causing chaos in Europe,
provoking a European war and world conflict [USA, Japan],
invoking massive revolutions
[the scheme of Tadeusz Grabianka; use of national minorities - Leopold Kronenberg and the Wloclawek area]
by providing attractive ideologies [Nestor Trubecki, Duke Kropotkin, Lenin].

Some researchers have come to a completely wrong conclusion that this is a devilish conspiracy.

Most European politicians in the 19th century knew, however, that this is so-called "Polish conspiracy." That is, a conspiracy involving the entry into the Russian state and intelligence system.

This was done, among others, by the Konstantynowicz family, creating the company "Duflon & Konstantinovich", also co-operating with the NOBEL family, Armand, Gernet, Azbelev [see also in Japan], Pilsudski, Breguet; co- creating Lenin's person.

The family of Paszkowski-Armand-Konstantinovich took part in the non-legal conspiracy.
And so the powerful underground Network was created:
the King of Naples, Marshal Joachim Murat - General Armand - General Axamitowski of Poznan - General Franciszek Paszkowski [+ Maria Paszkowska Armand - Apolon Konstantynowicz - BREGUET] -
Colonel / General JAN DEMBOWSKI, the Freemason, the friend of Ignacy Potocki and Artur Potocki
[the Templars and of the Grand Orient in 1818] -
and from ARTUR POTOCKI to Wojciech Paszkowski + Br. Bystrzanowski and the Mark Masons Order
[and here the line to Kalinowski and Tadeusz Grabianka / Marcin Tarnowski / Stadnicki / Ilinski - the ILLUMINATI and the TEMPLARS] +
Tadeusz Kosciuszko in 1776
[+ General Franciszek Paszkowski and General Stanislaw Fiszer (Fiszer lived in Koninko in 1803 - 17 km south-east to POZNAN)].

The Armand family, who since 1799 wanted to settle in Moscow, met with General Franciszek Paszkowski, through the family Alexandre de Bauffremont-Courtenay and his son - Alphonse de Bauffremont / prince de Bauffremont Courtenay.

Named Alphonse de Bauffremont and General Franciszek Paszkowski were together adjutants / aide-de-camp of Marshal Joachim Murat.

Murat and Jozef Sulkowski were adjutants of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Mentioned Alexandre de Bauffremont-Courtenay and [then he was Baron] General Armand were in Russia in 1791. So, 29 year-old general Paul Armand [Paul 1st] came from Paris together with Alexandre, the Marquis de Courtenay.

Paul Armand [Paul 2nd, wine merchant], 1760 - 1835, or was born in 1762, was the first in Russia in 1791.
General Paul Armand [Baron, the 1st], in Russia in 1791, but Jean-Louis Armand [he was the son of Paul Armand, the 2nd] was the first in Russia in 1799.

Alexandre de Bauffremont [de Bauffremont-Courtenay], born in 1773 and died in 1833, had the son Alphonse de Bauffremont, born in 1792 and died in 1860, duke of Bauffremont. The 29 year-old general Paul Armand came from Paris in the carriage of the Marquis de Courtenay in 1791. Paul was born in 1760 or in 1762. Paul Armand died in 1835, married to Jeanne Angelique Armand, 1765 - 1813. The wedding was in ca 1783 / 1785. Paul's son was Jean-Louis Armand, 1786 - 1855 in Moscow, appeared in Russia in 1799, together with his father Paul Armand and mother Angelica (1765 / 1767 - 1813 in Moscow), the daughter of Charles, during an escape from the terror of the French Revolution. Above Alexandre Emmanuel Louis de Bauffremont - Courtenay (1773-1833), was the son of JOSEPH, who was served under the Bourbons. Alexandre de Bauffremont fled France during the French Revolution and emigrated in Koblenz in 1789-1790, then Alexandre was in Russia in 1790-1791, he entered the rank of a colonel in Spain in 1792. General Paul Armand, in 1791 came from Paris to Russia in the carriage of the Marquis de Courtenay. In 1787, Alexandre Emanuel Louis de Bauffremont, marquis de Listenois, married Marie-Antoinette, daughter of Paul Francois de Quelen de La Vauguyon. In 1792-1792 Alexandre was living in MADRID with the wife. But rallied to Napoleon and accepted the title of comte de l'Empire. He was made a peer of France in 1815 by Louis XVIII. Alexandre de Bauffremont (1773-1833) was in USA in 1794-1796. Alexandre de Bauffremont obtained in 1795 his removal from the list of emigrants.

Mentioned above Alphonse de Bauffremont, born in 1792 and died in 1860, duke of Bauffremont, prince of Bauffremont, was created count by Napoleon and became aide-de-camp of Murat [see JOZEF SULKOWSKI and General FRANCISZEK PASZKOWSKI !]. Alphonse de Bauffremont distinguished himself at the Battle of the Moskowa, in 1812, under MURAT as his aide- de-camp, as well as in the Saxony campaign in 1813 [Dresde / Dresden / Drezno in 1813]. During the Hundred Days, Alphonse de Bauffremont was instructed by Murat to bring Napoleon confidential dispatches.

The Russian inteligence net in 1741-2015:

Malta and Master Pinto + Althotas - de Rohan of Strasbourg - Mitau / Mitawa in Courland - Wilkowo Polskie near to Koscian - Chocen close to Wloclawek - Dubno in Volhynia - Romanow in Ukraine and Ilinski with Tadeusz Grabianka.

Acc. to 'The Arcane Schools' by John Yarker:

"The Stuarts in the 17th century made an effort to revive the Order of St. John and the Temple, THEN OF MALTA, and a North Convent seems to have existed about MONTROSE, and it is alleged, on the authority of DOM CALMET, that
VISCOUNT DUNDEE was Grand Master of 'the Order of Templars in SCOTLAND',
and that when he fell at Killiekrankie he wore the Grand Cross which was given to DOM CALMET by his brother.

It is also asserted that MAR and ATHOL [Atholl - see Murray !] succeeded him and that Prince Charles Edward STUART was installed Grand Master at Holyrood in 1745
[John Murray, 2nd Marquess of Atholl, 1660-1724, was the eldest son of the 1st Marquess; created Duke of Atholl in 1703. John's son was
James Murray, 2nd Duke of Atholl, 1690 - 1764, styled Marquess of Tullibardine between 1715 and 1746, was a Scottish peer, and Lord Privy Seal],
and that
JOHN OLIVANT of BACHILTON succeeded Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (1720 - 1788)

[ie.
John OLIPHANT d. 1795 or Olyphant of BACHELTON, 2nd.
David Oliphant d. 1770, and was succeeded by John Oliphant, 1st, heir of Pitheavlis and Bachilton;
JOHN RAMSAY and Company a lease of it for 19 years from 1778; John Oliphant, 1st, d. 1781. Harrison Oliphant succeeded, d. 1791. Then John Oliphant, SECOND, succeeded, who died in 1795.
Next Margaret Oliphant succeeded, heir in Bachilton, died in 1800. In Dec. 1795 RAMSAY to hold the lands of Pitheavlis for 30 years from 1795.
Janet Oliphant succeeded, and she was married to Alexander Murray, 8th Lord Elibank born in 1780. He was the son of Alexander Murray, 7th Lord Elibank and Mary Clara Montolieu. JANET was the daughter of John Oliphant.
Then her son was the heir, Alexander Oliphant MURRAY. Alexander Oliphant Murray, the 9th Lord Elibank, 1804 - 1871.
In 1832, Colonel Evans, M. P., Mr. Wyse, M. P., Sir W. Brabazon, Mr. Murray, Count Czapski, M. Bach, with several other foreigners were present in DUBLIN.
Mr. T. Campbell as chairman, opened the proceedings in a feeling and energetic speech, towards the conclusion of which he said,
'If England allowed Germany to be enslaved by Princes who were themselves the slaves of Russia, she might, when too late, repent in sackcloth and ashes over her departed liberties. The measures of Napoleon against English commerce would be but a jest, a mere feather, compared with the hostility of the present continental despots...'.
Count Joseph Napoleon Czapski / JOZEF NAPOLEON Czapski left Dublin for London in April 1832.
Note:
Sir William Stirling of Ardoch, 4th Bt. was the son of Sir Henry Stirling of Ardoch, 3rd Bt.;
he married Christian Erskine, the daughter of John Erskine and Anne Stirling, in 1762;
died 1799.
Children of Sir William Stirling of Ardoch, 4th Bt. and Christian Erskine:
Mary Stirling d. 1847,
Margaret Stirling,
unknown daughter Stirling.
Above
Mary Stirling married Ebenezer Oliphant, the son of
Laurence Oliphant, 6th of Condie {b. 1795} and Margaret Murray. Margaret Oliphant (Murray) b. 1798, was the daughter of Anthony Murray, 8th Laird of Dollerie.
The granddaughter of Anthony Murray, 7th Laird of Dollerie, d. 1790 [b. ca 1740 ?].
The great-granddaughter of Anthony Murray older.
Children of Mary Stirling and Ebenezer Oliphant:
Laurence Oliphant, 8th of Condie b. 1791;
William Oliphant b. 1792;
Anthony Oliphant b. 1793;
Christian Oliphant b. 1795;
Lt. Col. James Oliphant b. 1796;
Thomas Oliphant b. 1799.

Above Christian Erskine was the daughter of John Erskine and Anne Stirling.
Above John Erskine was born 1695, was the son of
Lt. Col. John Edmund Erskine and Anna Dundas.

When the Oliphant family left Ceylon, the estate sold to Sir Harry Dias. Sir Anthony Oliphant's tea estate, the Oliphant Estate,
situated in the hill country in Nuwara Eliya - 55 km south-east-south of Kandy, east of Colombo, 26 km east of Hatton, close to Lindula and Meepilimana - was the first estate to grow tea in Ceylon;
Anthony OLIPHANT and his son Laurence are the first people to grow tea in Ceylon.
Sir Anthony's son, Laurence Oliphant, went on become a Member of the House of Commons.
Laurence Oliphant was the only child of Sir Anthony Oliphant (1793 - 1859), a member of the Scottish landed gentry. Laurence spent his early childhood in Colombo, and the Oliphant Estate in Nuwara Eliya.
In 1848 - 1849, he was in Europe, 1851 to Nepal, returned to Ceylon, travel in Russia at the Black Sea in 1853 (Odessa ?), next - to 1861 Oliphant was secretary to Lord Elgin; visited the Circassian coast during the Crimean War. 1861 Oliphant was appointed First Secretary of the British Legation in Japan, a visit to Korea, where he discovered a Russian force; met Alice le Strange, married in London, 1872],

and held the office until his death, 15th Oct., 1795
[Alexander Deuchar was elected the new Grand Master; he was a Freemason and also a Harold of Lord Lyon at his court.
Alexander Deuchar was elected Commander of Edinburgh Templar camp in 1808.
He was helped in his affords by his brother, David Deuchar from the third Battalion of Royal Regiment / King's Scotsmen.
Deuchar capped a cross from the Templar Church at the Tomar Castle in Portuguese.
The title of Lord Oliphant was claimed and used without challenge by David Olyphant, 6th of Bachilton in 1757 until his death in London in 1770. David Oliphant, 6th of Bachilton, known as 12th or the 1st (fourth creation) Lord Oliphant (d. 1770)].

After this the remnant of the ORDER is said to have united with some SCOTO-IRISH TEMPLARS, of whom Alexander Deuchar, Lyon Herald, was Grand Master, and who said, no doubt truthfully, that he could trace the Order back in SCOTLAND in 1740, by means of living members.
... at this period in FRANCE an ORDRE DU TEMPLE, with a charter from John Mark LARMENIUS who claimed appointment from JACQUES DE MOLAY. Philip of ORLEANS accepted the GRAND Mastership in 1705 and signed the STATUTES.
... that these Statutes were forged by the JESUIT Father BONANI, and that it was actually the resuscitation of a 1681 Society entitled the 'Little resurrection of Templars', and that it had as one of its members
the learned FENELON who CONVERTED RAMSAY to Orthodoxy.
... of 1705, the Charter proves the existence of a branch of Scottish Templars ...
In 1766, de TSCHOUDY speaks well of these FRENCH Knights as the 'Fraternity of Jerusalem', nicknamed 'FRERES DE ALOYA' from the composition of their suppers.

At STIRLING a system of MASONIC TEMPLARY
prevailed which they attributed, ... to certain Knights of St. John and the Temple who became protestants, and joined MASONIC LODGE at that place...".

The author of above John Yarker b. 1833, was an English Freemason in 1855, author, and occultist. Yarker later became International Grand Master (1902) of the Rite of Memphis-Misraim.
The Ancient and Primitive Rite of Memphis-Misraim is a masonic rite founded in Naples in September 1881. The first Grand Hierophant from 1881 was Giuseppe Garibaldi.
All three conspiracy centers, Brittany, Malta, Scotland, were taken over by Russian intelligence. This happened gradually in the 18th century. Russia built its power in the 18th century and took every opportunity to act against France, England and Spain.
The goal was to conquer Western North America on the Pacific coasts. This plan was implemented from the 20s of the 18th century by Peter the Great, to 60's of the 19th century when Alaska was sold to the Americans.

"From as early as 1738, traces of the Rite of Misraim can be found, which include alchemical, occult and Egyptian references, with a structure of 90 degrees".

Johann August Starck / Stark (1741 - 1816)
was a author and the Konigsberg theologian, best remembered for arguing that an Illuminati
{the Bavarian Illuminati, a secret society founded in 1776.
"The society's goals were to oppose superstition, obscurantism, religious influence over public life and abuses of state power. ... The Illuminati - along with Freemasonry and other secret societies - were outlawed through edict, by the Bavarian ruler, Charles Theodore, with the encouragement of the Roman Catholic Church, in 1784, 1785, 1787 and 1790. ... the group was vilified by conservative and religious critics who claimed that they continued underground and were responsible for the French Revolution..."}
led conspiracy, which led to the outbreak of the Revolution in France 1789
{see Jean Philippe GARRAN DE COULON and Maleszewski with Poniatowski}.
Immanuel Kant and Johann Georg Hamann were among his acquaintances in Konigsberg. In 1776 went to Mitau [Courland; at margin see Komorowski] and took place here as professor of philosophy until 1781 when he back to Darmstadt.

1767 or 1768 - J. A. von Stark / STARCK has established a new sect, which grew out of Clirici Ordinis Templariorum / Clerics of the Knights Templar;
he was in 1761 initiated into a French freemasonry lodge at Gottingen but left for St. Petersburg in 1761, while teaching in St. Petersburg, Starck had met a Greek by the name of Count Peter Melesino / Melissino, 1726-97, a lieutenant-general in the Russian Imperial Army, and whose order of freemasonry claimed the clerics of the Templar Knights;
then traveled to Paris in 1765 and obtained a position at the royal library; back to Germany, in Wismar (1766-8). Starck promoted the clerical brand of Templarism
[see:
in France in 1705 - 1749;
in 1750 in French Brittany;
see Count Belford who had flown from Scotland to Russia;
in Ireland 1750/1760 or since ca 1758-1760;
on 24th June 1758 in Tipperary at Lodge No 296 (see below) with Sir Chas. A. CAMERON;
Berlin in 1760;
in Ireland in 1765 - Sir Edward Gilmore]
and STARK in 1768 joined it to movement of Karl Gotthelf von Hund (1722-76), a union formalized in 1772. He helped found a Strict Observance lodge at Wismar (1767), returned to St. Petersburg in 1768, presumably on freemasonry business, back in Konigsberg in 1769 where he lived next door to Immanuel Kant.

1769 - in Boston, New England, was established the Provincial Grand Lodge, under the auspices of Scotland.

Andrew Michael Ramsay (1686 - 1743), ie. the Chevalier Ramsay, was a Scottish-born writer who lived in France. He was a Baronet in the Jacobite Peerage.
He remained in France until 1724.
In 1724, Ramsay was sent to Rome.
Ramsay was associated with the court party of John Erskine, Duke of Mar.
Ramsay was in England in 1730, and he died at St Germain-en-Laye in 1743.
Ramsay was associated with Freemasonry from its introduction in France (1725 - 1726).
Charles Radclyffe, Earl of Derwentwater, who acted as Grand Master for France beginning in 1736, was present at Ramsay's funeral. Ramsay was the member of the Gentleman's Club of Spalding, of which the prominent Masonic propagator John Theophilus Desaguliers was then also a member.
Ramsey mentioned the Knights Templar in his Discourse, when in fact he did not mention the Order at all - he mentioned the Knights Hospitaller.

Above John Theophilus Desaguliers - b. 1683, d. 1744, was a French-born British natural philosopher, engineer and freemason who was elected to the Royal Society in 1714 as assistant to Isaac Newton.
"...As a Freemason, Desaguliers was instrumental in the establishment of the first Grand Lodge formed in London in 1717 and served as their third Grand Master. He helped James Anderson draw up the rules in the "Constitutions of the Freemasons", published in 1723 ...
[during] trip to the Netherlands in 1731 Desaguliers initiated into Freemasonry - Francis, Duke of Lorraine (1708 - 1765) who later became Holy Roman Emperor.
Desaguliers also presided when Frederick, Prince of Wales, became a Freemason in 1737, and he additionally became a chaplain to the Prince".

David Livingstone in 2013 wrote:
"The Asiatic BRETHREN continued to be associated with Egyptian Rite Freemasonry, which its origins with Count CAGLIOSTRO.

Cagliostro ... had been initiated into the rite by the COMTE St. GERMAIN

[the Comte de Saint Germain born ca 1691/1712, d. 1784, was a European alchemist. In 1779, St. Germain arrived in Altona in Schleswig, to Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel, who also had an interest in mysticism and in secret societies. He had invented a new method of colouring cloth.
St. Germain was an Alsatian Jew, Simon Wolff by name, and was born at Strasbourg.
Maybe was a Spanish Jesuit named Aymar. The title of the Count of St Germain had during the early 1740s. He is called an Italian, a Spaniard, a Pole. In London he was in 1745. He understood Polish, and soon learnt to understand English.
St. Germain appeared in the French court around 1748. In 1749, he was employed by Louis XV for diplomatic missions.
He prophesied the French Revolution. He met Giuseppe Balsamo (alias Cagliostro) in London. St. Germain was an alchemist, and Rosicrucian.
Ebenezer Sibly was deeply involved in occult, but his brother Manoah SIBLY was the member of the Swedenborgian Theosophical Society; and was living in London like Swedenborgian minister.
Manoah SIBLY thus provided a tangible connection between Ebenezer SIBLY / Ebenezer Sibley, and the Swedenborgian enthusiasts
Philippe de LOUTHERBOURG,
Peter Lambert de LINTOT and
Charles RAINSFORD
and in ca 1776 to CAGLIOSTRO.
Above acc. to Susan Mitchell Sommers.

Above Charles of Hesse-Kassel was born in Kassel in 1744 as the son of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) and his first wife Princess Mary of Great Britain.
His mother was a daughter of King George II of Great Britain
and Caroline of Ansbach and a sister of Queen Louise of Denmark.
The grandfather, William VIII, Landgrave of Hesse].

... it was SAMUEL FALK who sent CAGLIOSTRO on the mission of Egyptian Freemasonry. It was also known as the RITE of MISRAIM, ... From as early as 1738, traces of the Rite of Misraim can be found, which include alchemical, occult and Egyptian references with a structure of 90 degrees.
Through his association with the Grand Master of the Order of the Knights of MALTA, Manuel Pinto de Fonseca, Cagliostro founded the Rite of HIGH EGYPTIAN MASONRY in 1784. Between 1767 and 1775 he received the ARCANA ARCANORUM ... from Sir Knight LUIGI D'AQUINO, the brother of the national Grand Master of NEAPOLITAN MASONRY.
In 1788, Cagliostro introduced them into the RITE of MISRAIM ... The Rite was composed of 90 degrees, taken from SCOTTISH RITE Freemasonry, MARTINISM and other Masonic traditions...".

From as early as 1738, one can find traces of this Rite filled with alchemical, occult and Egyptian references, with a structure of 90 degrees. Joseph Balsamo / Cagliostro was very close to the Grand Master of the Order of the Knights of Malta, Manuel Pinto de Fonseca. Cagliostro founded the Rite of High Egyptian Masonry in 1784, with Arcana Arcanorum which are three very high hermetic degrees, from Sir Knight Luigi d'Aquino, the brother of the national Grand Master of Neapolitan Masonry. In 1788, he introduced them into the Rite of Misraim.

Rabbi Samuel Jacob Falk.

Szmuel Jakub Falk, 1708-1782, known as Hayyim Samuel Jacob Falk was a rabbi, Kabbalist and alchemist. Falk was born in Pidhaytsi / PODHAJCE in Podolia.
Pidhaytsi / Podhajce / Podhaitza / Podgaytsy was belonged at the begining of the 18th century to the Potocki family. Pidhaitsi is a small city in the Ternopil Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. In Podhajce the Reformist / Arian church turned into a synagogue. In 1675 Podhajce was damaged by Turkish Army, when belonged to Feliks Kazimierz Potocki. Then his son and the grandson Eustachy Potocki were the owners.
Next was Marian Potocki, 2nd son of Count Jerzy Potocki. Jerzy Potocki died in 1747. Marian Potocki died after 1777.
Podhajce was taken by Katarzyna Kossakowska (1724-1803) after death of her older brother Marian Potocki.
Katarzyna sold Podhajce to hands of Jozef Bielski. In 1772 Podhajce belonged to AUSTRIA.

All text below acc. to David Livingstone, author, in 2013:
The Royal Order of Heredom included the Rabbi Samuel Jacob Falk (1708-1782) as one of its members.
He is linked to Jacob Frank, and was a neighbor to Swedenborg.
Swedenborg was a Jacobite spy. Swendenborg apparently met Rabbi Samuel Jacob Falk.

Falk was one of the 'Unknown Superiors' of the Rite of Strict Observance, founded by Karl Gotthelf, Baron Hund (1722-1776) in 1754 [or in 1749; 1751].

Jacob Frank's godfather was King Augustus III of Poland, whose Counselor was von Hund. Baron von Hund was also Counselor of State to Maria Theresa.
Hund had been initiated in 1741 into the Order of the Temple by 'Unknown Superiors', in the presence of the Jacobite Lord Kilmarnock (1705-1746).
Philippe II was also another pupil of Rabbi Samuel Falk. Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orleans, Grand Master of the Grand Orient, in 1772. Philippe was the great-grandson of Philippe, Duke of Orleans, the Grand Master of Baron Hund's the Templar Order.

Ferdinand Duke of Brunswick led the German delegation and the English one was led by a close friend of Falk, General Charles R. Rainsford (1728-1809), a British MP, and Swedenborgian Freemason.
In 1783, Rainsford, who had been collaborating with Falk on a Kabbalistic-Masonic scheme, received inquiries from Parisian Masons about Falk's system.
The 1785 congress convened by the Amis Reunis and the Philalethes was also attended by the Anton Mesmer, Comte St. Germain and Comte Cagliostro, another student of Rabbi Falk.
Cagliostro, had all the secrets of Dr. Falk.
Catherine the Great was reportedly also associated with the Comte St. Germain. St. Germain was in St Petersburg, where he participated in a conspiracy when the Russian army assisted Catherine in usurping the throne from her husband Peter III of Russia.

"... It was Falk who sent Cagliostro on the mission of Egyptian Freemasonry. Cagliostro had been initiated into the rite by the Comte St. Germain. Cagliostro was very close to the Grand Master of the Order of the Knights of Malta, Manuel Pinto de Fonseca. Cagliostro founded the Rite of High Egyptian Masonry in 1784. Between 1767 and 1775, he received the three high hermetic degrees Arcana Arcanorum from Sir Knight Luigi d'Aquino, the brother of the national Grand Master of Neapolitan Masonry. In 1788, Cagliostro introduced them into the Rite of Misraim and gave a patent to this Rite". ... Cagliostro's Egyptian Rite was a very complex system of oracles, quasi-Egyptian rituals and ceremonial magic.

Falk was born in Poland to a Sabbatean family and came to England in 1742. Falk lived in Brunswick, and in Westphalia.
Rabbi Jacob Emden accused Falk of being a Sabbatean, as he invited Moses David of Podhayce / PODHAJCE, a known Sabbatean with connections to Jonathan Eibeschutz, to his home

[the owner was Stanislaw Potocki Rewera (1589 in Podhajce - 1667 in Lwow). This is line of ANDRZEJ POTOCKI of Krzeszowice who was the grandson of Artur Potocki, 1787-1832, the Freemason-TEMPLAR
(friend of General Franciszek Paszkowski and his brother Wojciech Paszkowski. This is line to Maria Wilhelmina Paszkowska married Armand and to Apolon Konstantynowicz married Anna Armand - they acted with Lenin)
and Zofia Branicka 1790- 1879.
They came from Stanislaw Potocki 1698-1760 and Helena Zamoyska 1717-1760
and from Michal Zdzislaw Saryusz Zamoyski - the Smolensk governor, 1679-1735
{see Wilkowo Polskie - Kiedrzynski - Pradzynski - Szoldrski - Poninski + CAGLIOSTRO !};
and Jozef Stanislaw Potocki (1673-1751) = Jozef Potocki in Cracow in 1748.
The first supporter of Sabbath in Rohatyn was Elish Shor
(Elish / ELISHA Schorr, born in 1688, died in 1757. Then the WOLOWSKI family),
a descendant of Rabbi Zalman Naftali Szor (Rabbi Zalman Naftali Schorr), the author of the treatise "Tewuos Szor" (Tevuos Shor). He has influenced his large family. Szor's supporter, among others, Jehuda Lejb (Yehuda Leib) and Nota Krys of Nadworna.
They also gained the support of the Kabbalist, Mosze Dawid of Podhajce (Moshe David mi-Podhajce).
In this way, in Podole, three heresies strongly supported this movement in Rohatyn, Podhajce and Nadworna.
In the second half of the 18th century, Frankism was also very influential in Rohatyn.
In 1755, Elisha Szor and Nachman of Busko went to Turkey to meet Jakub Frank.
In 1806, Izabela Czartoryski Lubomirska, the owner of the Teczyn estate, which included, among others, Krzeszowice village, wrote to her grandson Artur Potocki from Podhajce and he took the property after the death of his grandmother in 1816. Since then, Krzeszowice has become the seat of the Potocki family.
Then Andrzej Kazimierz Potocki of Podhajce, 1861-1908, and Adam Wladyslaw Artur Potocki of Podhajce, b. 1896].

Falk collaborated with a Sabbatean Frankist network in England, Holland, Poland, and Germany, with an important influence in Masonic and occult circles.
Falk was the 'Old Man of the Mountain' and the leader of the Ismaili Assassins; or an 'Unknown Superior' of illuminist Freemasonry.

The main lines of communication were the secret networks of Ecossais Masonic lodges of the exiled Jacobites.

Ferdinand Maximilien Meriadec de Rohan (1738 - 1813) was an Archbishop of Bordeaux in 1769, and Archbishop of Cambrai in 1781. He was the son of Hercule Meriadec de Rohan, prince de Guemene.
Charlotte, duchesse d'Albany, STUART, 1753-1789, had a relationship with Ferdinand Maximilien de ROHAN-GUEMENE, 1738 - 1813. Charlotte was the daughter of Charles III Prince Charlie STUART, Duke of Albany, born in 1720 - Rome,
and Clementina, Css of Aberstroff, WALKINSHAW, the daughter of John of Camlachie and Barrowfield, WALKINSHAW - his family was a branch of the Walkinshaws of Renfrewshire, close to Paisley, west to Glasgow in SCOTLAND.

Lieutenant Colonel of the Russian Army {since 1800, promoted in 1803; until 1806}, Charles Edward Augustus Maximilian Stuart, nickname Baron Korff
{Florence in Nov 1814 - 'Up to about this time [bef. 1816] the signature is likely to be "A. M. Korff" or "Korff Roehenstart." Later he was usually known as "Charles Edward Stuart, Baron Korff, Count Roehenstart"...'}.
Compare - 'Roehenstart. A Late Stuart Pretender', by George Sherburn, published by The University of Chicago Press, 1960: "early in the nineteenth century a Count Korff von Schmissing / Schmising lived in Munich, and while we have no proof, it is a plausible conjecture that Roehenstart was brought up in Munich by some member of the Korff family".
Maximilian Franz Xaver Count von Korff of Schmising-Kerssenbrock (born in 1781 in Munster, d. 1850) in the Prussian district of Halle; the son of
Clemens August Heinrich von Korff, of Schmising (1749 - 1821), Marshal of the Elector of Cologne and the Prince-Bishop of Munster.
They were raised in 1816 to the Prussian counts and founded the Count's line in Westphalia. His mother was Elisabeth Bernhardine von Nagel (1756 - 1809).
His brother Clemens became a district administrator in Warendorf.
And the grandson of Franz Otto von Korff of Schmising and Tatenhausen (1719 - 1785) and his wife Anna Elisabeth Marie von Droste of Vischering (1730-1790, the daughter of Maximilian Heidenreich Droste of Vischering).

Count Roehenstart was born ca May 1784 in PARIS [ca 1781/1787] or in Italy, and died in October 1854 in Dunkeld near to PERTH, in SCOTLAND,
was the natural son of mentioned Prince Ferdinand of Rohan.
Dunkeld near to PERTH, in SCOTLAND, 30 km north-west to PERTH; 40 km north-east to the Drummond Castle and Dunkeld and Birnam is an area in Perth and Kinross district, in Scotland, by the River Tay:
Dunkeld House, built by Sir William Bruce in 1676 - 1684 for
the 1st Marquis of Atholl.
Demolished in 1827.

John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl, b. 1631, d. 1703, was a leading Scottish royalist and defender of the Stuarts during the English Civil War of the 1640s. He succeeded as 2nd Earl of Atholl on his father's demise in June 1642. In 1650 he joined in the unsuccessful attempt to liberate Charles II from the Covenanters. The Mormaer or Earl of Atholl was the title of the holder of the highland province of Atholl / northern Perthshire.
John Murray, 1st Earl of Atholl (died 1642);
John Murray, 3rd Earl of Tullibardine, 2nd Earl of Atholl (1631-1703);
John Murray, 2nd Marquess of Atholl (1660-1724);
with the son
James Murray, 2nd Duke of Atholl, 1690 - 1764, as Marquess of Tullibardine, Lord Privy Seal.
Three of John's sons joined the Jacobites in the rebellion of 1715, including his eldest living son, William, Lord Tullibardine, who was removed from succession to the title.
Atholl died in 1724, and was succeeded by his second surviving son James, Marquess of Tullibardine.
James Murray, 2nd Duke of Atholl, b. 1690. He was succeeded by in the barony of Strange by his daughter, Lady Charlotte, and in the Scottish titles by his nephew, John, the son of George Murray, a general in the Jacobite rising of 1745. Charlotte Murray, Duchess of Atholl, the 8th Baroness Strange b. 1731, was the daughter of the 2nd Duke of Atholl. She married her first cousin, John Murray at Dunkeld, Scotland.

The Stuarts and other Jacobites were responsible for the spead of freemasonry on the Continent.

James Winter, Scottish architect and master mason (1743-1744) was employed by the 2nd Duke of Atholl to build a new stable block at Blair Castle, in Perthshire in 1747-1758.
He was probably a relative of Thomas Winter, former mason employed by William Adam at Floors, Castle, Roxburghshire in 1726.

The link between Spitalfields, Walworth and the Independent or Dissenting movement was Richard Price (b. 1723, d. 1791), the son of a Congregational minister. Price and his friend, Joseph Priestly, became leaders of the Rational Dissenters or Unitarian Society.
Price got to know John Howard, John Quincy Adams, Benjamin Franklin and Adam Smith.
The Dissenters supported the French Revolution and Richard Price preached a sermon at the Old Jewry meeting of the London Revolution Society on November 4th, 1789, supporting the French Revolution and sent his congratulations to the French National Assembly.

Joseph Priestley, (b. 1733, d. 1804, America), son of Jonas Priestley, was a chemist, scientist, mathematician, linguist and Dissenting minister. The many Dissenting ministers who met at the Keighlys influenced him and he attended the Dissenting Academy at Daventry.
During visits to London, he mixed with Liberals and Rational Dissenters like Richard Price and Benjamin Franklin. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1766
and became librarian to William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne and tutor to his sons.

Shelburne's Bowood Circle included people like Priestley, Jeremy Bentham, the Dutchman Dr Ingen Housz, John Hunter and Benjamin Franklin.
"...Benjamin Franklin, born in Boston. Was one of the diplomats chosen to negotiate peace with Great Britain, and who helped draft the Declaration of Independence, one of the 56 who signed this document, and was instrumental in achieving the adoption of the U.S. Constitution. Was also a Mason".

"... Benjamin Franklin, a key leader of several secret occult fraternal groups was also a close friend of Pierre Samuel DuPont. When Benjamin Franklin arrived Dec. 1776 in France, one of the first people he sought out to visit with was Pierre Samuel DuPont. During the next year after that, DuPont was a frequent visitor to Franklin's residence in the village of Passy. Notice, that Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence also wrote nature's God. This is because the deists like Jefferson and DuPont believed Nature was the highest God.
President Jefferson and Secretary Gallatin, both were Illuminati members.
George Clinton, vice president to Thomas Jefferson, was De Wit Clintons Uncle.

James Bidderman, the son of Evelina DuPont Bidderman, went to France and his decedents would give the DuPont's a lineage in France. One of the families that Intermarried and were close friends with the DuPont's was the Cazenoves family.
Both families were close friends with Thomas Jefferson and Albert Gallatin, I have concluded that both Thomas Jefferson and Albert Gallatin were Illuminati",
copyright by Robert Howard from WakeUpAmerica Website.

"...My knowledge of the Illuminati letters to Franklin and Adams came about as a result of my conversations with a very high profile Masonic historian, Reinhard Markner. ... I wanted to know more about the author of this work, and through the course of our conversations, he mentioned that
Adams and Franklin had been contacted by the head of the Munich lodge Professor Baader.

I wanted to know more about this and he said that the letters themselves had not been located, but were mentioned in Die Korrespondenz des Illuminatenordens ...
the letter sent to Franklin listed on the website of the American Philosophical Society under the Franklin papers, in French. Through this discovery we were able to find the Adams letter, as well as Adams' reply.
De Kemtenstrauss it seems was the penname that Baader wrote under.
There were three letters sent, one to Adams, one to Franklin, and one to Philadelphia, presumably to the Continental Congress ...".

"...In 1799, when German minister G. W. Snyder warned George Washington of the Illuminati plan 'to overthrow all governments and religion', Washington replied that he had heard 'much of the nefarious and dangerous plan and doctrines of the Illuminati'.
He however concluded his letter by stating:
'I believe notwithstanding, that none of the Lodges in this country are contaminated with the principles ascribed to the society of Illuminati'. ...",
acc. to 'vigilantcitizen.com'.

Another person who came under the influence of the teachings of Richard Price and became a Unitarian was George Courtauld (b. 1761), son of Samuel Courtauld. He became a radical and supported American Revolution. He sold up went to America in 1785.

Shelburne encouraged Jeremy Bentham to take an interest in French politics. He introduced him to Andre Marellet and 2 members of the Bowood Circle, Samuel Romilly and Pierre Etienne Louis Dumont (1759-1829), tutor to Henry Petty Fitzmaurice (1780-1963) and translated Bentham's writings into French, acted as intermediaries between
Bentham and Honore Gabriel Riquetti, Comte de Mirabeau a prominent Revolutionary of Italian origins.

Bentham corresponded with other French politicians like
Jacques Pierre Brisset de Warville a leading Girondin in the Legislative Assembly,
Louis Alexandre, duc de la Rochfoucauld d'Enville,
Jean Phillipe Garran de Coulon (b. 1749 [see MALESZEWSKI]), member of the Estates General and Legislative Assembly,
Charles Maurice de Talleyrand Perigord - Minister of Foreign Affairs (1799-1807),
Jean Antoine de Gavain (1761-1828), President of the Tribunal (1802) and Secretary (1804) and
Bon Albert Briois de Beaumer (1781-1801), President of th National Assembly (1790).

Bentham drafted a French Constitution and was elected a French citizen.

Sir Samuel Romilly, (1757-1818), English legal reformer, was the second son of Peter Romilly, a watchmaker and jeweller in London. Samuel's grandfather came to England from Montpellier after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes and married Margaret Garnault, another Huguenot refugee; SAMUEL went to Geneva in 1781, where he met the chief democratic leaders, including Etienne Dumont. He was a friend of Mirabeau, to whom he was introduced in 1784 and who introduced him to Lord Lansdowne. Romilly visited Paris in 1789. He married Anne, daughter of Francis Garbett of Knill Court, and was appointed Chancellor of the County Palatine of Durham. Romilly supported William Wilberforce in his battle to abolish slavery and was a friend of Samuel Whitbread.

In 2013, the first on the world I show very interesting network!

It was a global political network of the Russian intelligence infiltrated by the British, French and Germans, and by the Polish independence conspiracy:
Lenin and Inessa Armand, Duflon, nobility from Scotland, Italy, Ireland, France, Switzerland, the German noble families in Estonia.

This military - political intelligence network has a different appearance depending on, which side you watch from. It's like the external universe, which expands. It has a chaotic structure, but only to the viewers. For top executives of the network, it is extremely bright and clear. It works like clockwork. Time passes, and this network is expanding, as the universe, at that time some stars turning pale, faded and disappeared.

The underground structure has clearly defined objectives at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries:
1. call up the chaos in Europe;
2. to bring the continental war;
3. overthrow of the Romanovs in Russia;
4. lead to anarchy in Russia;
5. starting the war between the invaders, who take away the Polish independence;
6. pulling the western countries into the war, and in due time also America.

These network in the 18th to 21st cent is the intelligences networks.
Overarching objectives are at the beginning of the 20th cent.:
1. Polish independence,
2. The independence of the Baltic States;
3. The creation of a Jewish state in Palestine.

Tools to achieve these goals are:
1. The money from the Scottish, Jewish and American banks; revenue from the Mediterranean trade - Marseille, Greece, Naples, Crimea; and plantations in Ceylon and from the Asian trade - Ceylon, India, Japan;
2. the use of secret non-goverment organisations (NGOs) in Europe and America;
3. The creation of favorable underground structures inside the intelligence networks of Western Europe and American countries.

An important note:

Albert Pike [Albert Pike b. 1809, died 1891, was an attorney, soldier, writer, and Freemason, elected Sovereign Grand Commander of the Scottish Rite's Southern Jurisdiction in 1859, of thirty-two years] described the PLOT in a letter wrote to Mazzini
[Giuseppe Mazzini, 1805 - 1872, an Italian politician, journalist;
"William R. Denslow lists Mazzini as a Mason, and even a Past Grand Master of the Grand Orient of Italy"],
dated August 15, 1871, and plans for three world wars necessary to bring the One World Order, and it is a "commonly believed fallacy that for a short time, the Pike letter to Mazzini was on display in the British Museum Library in London, and it was copied by William Guy Carr".

CARR died 1959, was an English-born Canadian naval officer and an author; educated in Scotland; he also refers to the theories of l'abbe Augustin Barruel and John Robison
{John Robison b. 1739, d. 1805, was a Scottish physicist; the first general secretary to the Royal Society of Edinburgh; worked with James Watt on an early steam car; he authored Proofs of a Conspiracy in 1797, accusing Freemasonry of being infiltrated by Weishaupt's Order of the Illuminati"}
PIKE explained the French Revolution as a Freemasonic plot linked to the German Illuminati of Adam Weishaupt, associated to the conspiracy theory of the New World Order.

"The British Library has confirmed ... that such a document has never been in their possession, but Cardinal Rodriguez have said that it was in 1925".

Carr learned about this letter from Cardinal Caro y Rodriguez of Santiago, [died 1958, was a Chilean Cardinal; "...Caro was strongly opposed to the influence of Freemasonry in modern society and wrote several anti-Masonic pamphlets"];
"... no conclusive proof exists to show that this letter was ever written. Nevertheless, the letter is widely quoted and the topic of much discussion".

The extracts of the letter:
"The First World War must be brought about in order to permit the Illuminati to overthrow the power of the [Emperors] Czars in Russia and of making that country a fortress of atheistic Communism. The divergences caused by the "agentur" (agents) of the Illuminati between the British and Germanic Empires will be used to foment this war. At the end of the war, Communism will be built and used in order to destroy the other governments and in order to weaken the religions. ... During the Second World War, International Communism must become strong enough in order to balance Christendom, which would be then restrained and held in check until the time when we would need it for the final social cataclysm. ...
The Third World War must be fomented by ... the leaders of Islamic World...".

"... Michael Haupt said, that William Guy Carr said, that Cardinal Caro y Rodriguez of Santiago, Chile said, that ... Dr. Bataille aka Leo Taxil said about Albert Pike and Giuseppe Mazzini in 'Le diable au XIXe siecle', v. II, 1892-1894, p. 605...".

At 'en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Guy_Carr' we read:
"...In 'Pawns in the Game', Carr claims that World War I was fought in order to enable the Illuminati to overthrow the powers of the Tsars in Russia ... Michael Haupt had taken the three world war theory from the introduction of Carr's Pawns in the Game (1958). This introduction outlines a plan that Carr attributes to Pike, but not to the letter from Pike to Mazzini. Only the last section of the three world war plan in Haupt's text is a quote attributed to the letter from Pike to Mazzini. This quote is virtually identical to the one in Rodrique's book and it can be traced to the book Le diable au XIXe siecle (1894) by Gabriel Jagond-Pager a.k.a. Leo Taxil, where it is claimed to be from a letter of Pike to Mazzini written in 1871.
This quote was later considered to describe the Bolshevik revolution, but whether a hoax or not, it predates 1917. The book of Jagond-Pager is enlisted in the British Museum, which is what Rodriguez meant by his statement, and it contains the full letter, be it hoax or not. The plan attributed to Pike is also described in part in Le Palladisme by Margiotta and it seems to describe the same plan as in Jagond-Pager's book, so it is possible that in this case the famous hoaxer Leo Taxil actually refers to some existing letter, but Dominico Margiotta may be another pseudonym of Jacond-Pager. There is nothing of the three world war plan in this letter, and nothing especially prophetic-it simply describes a Freemasonry plan to overthrow all religions".

Abnormally strange theories appeared already in the 19th century, then in 1916 in Great Britain, and since then, these considerations are in order to hide the real motor for the global intelligence network. These shocking theories are designed to excite readers of its mystery and with the events described not to the end.

"Albert Pike ... moved to Arkansas [1833] where he became a prominent member of the secessionist movement. He was chosen by Mazzini to head the Illuminati operations in America and moved to Charleston, South Carolina, in 1852 [to New Orleans in 1855]. During the war he was made a brigadier general ...
Mazzini was not only the head of the Illuminati, he was the leading revolutionist in Europe. He was determined to establish a New World Order on the rubble of the old order and created a plan to accomplish his goal.
He detailed his plan for world domination in a letter to Pike on January 22, 1870:
'We must allow all the federations to continue just as they are, with their systems, their central authorities and their diverse modes of correspondence between high grades of the same rite, organized as they are at the present, but we must create a super rite, which will remain unknown, to which we will call those Masons of high degree whom we shall select...',
[acc. to] Lady Queensborough, Occult Theocracy, pp. 208-209.

This secret rite is called "The New and Reformed Palladian Rite [or Reformed Palladium]."
It has headquarters in Charleston, S.C., Rome in Italy, and Berlin ... Pike wrote about his beliefs and goals in 1871 in "Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry."

"The Palladian Rite, according to conspiracy theorists it is the very top of the Illuminati pyramid. Conspiracy theorists point to the Palladian Rite as being the secret overlord of all Masonic Rites uniting all masonry together in a dark agenda to propitiate three world wars to bring about the New World Order Government led by shape shifting reptiles from outer space".

Pike designed a plan for world conquest and wrote of it in a letter to Mazzini dated August 15, 1871. He said three future world wars would prepare the world for the New World Order ...

This strategy is corroborated by Dr. Dennis L. Cuddy PhD. in 'The Power Elite's use of Wars and Crises'."
See: pike.htm and 'biblebelievers.org.au'.
Above Dennis Laurence Cuddy, is historian and political analyst, received a Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill [also at NewsWithViews.com].

Mazzini was the member of the underground "Carbonari" society, also with Lelewel [see Chodzko, Oginski ...], Krepowiecki and Jozef Zaliwski. On 17 February 1833, Zaliwski [see Lubiec estate close to Wola Pszczolecka; Sulimierski, Bleszynski, Psarski ...] left Paris and traveled to the Polish lands.

Giuseppe Mazzini born 1805, died in 1872, was an Italian politician, journalist and headed the Italian revolutionary movement. William R. Denslow lists Mazzini as a Mason, and even a Past Grand Master of the Grand Orient of Italy; in 1840 Mazzini reformed the Giovine Italia in London, and from London he wrote a series of letters to his agents in Europe and South America, and made friends with Thomas Carlyle and his wife Jane; in 1843 he organized another riot in Bologna; in 1847 he moved again to London, also founded the People's International League; 1848 Mazzini was in Paris; in April 1848 Mazzini reached Milan, when the First Italian War of Independence started;
joined Garibaldi's force at Bergamo, moving to Switzerland with him;
in 1849 a republic was declared in Rome.

"Under Lord Palmerston, England supports all revolutions ... and the leading revolutionary in Her Majesty's Secret Service is Giuseppe Mazzini ...
Mazzini is a Genoese admirer of the ... Venetian friar Paolo Sarpi. Mazzini's father was a physician to Queen Victoria's father.
For a while Mazzini worked for the Carbonari, one of Napoleon's Freemasonic fronts. Then, in 1831, Mazzini founded his Young Italy secret society.

Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, ... President of France, sent him articles for his magazine. Mazzini's cry ... that the people are the new God. ... Mazzini teaches that Christianity developed the human individual, but that the era of Christianity, of freedom, of human rights, is now over ...
The British would take care of Industry and Colonies;
the Poles, leadership of the Slavic world;
the Russians, the civilizing of Asia.
The French get Action, the Germans get Thought...".

"... Mazzini has tried to put this into practice just last year.
In November 1848, armed Young Italy gangs forced Pope Pius IX to flee from Rome ... Lord Palmerston said that Mazzini's regime in Rome was 'far better than any the Romans have had for centuries' ...
Right now Mazzini is here in London, enjoying the support of Lord Ashley, the Earl of Shaftesbury, a Protestant fanatic who also happens to be Lord Palmerston's son-in-law.
Mazzini's direct access to the British government payroll comes through James Stansfeld, a junior Lord of the Admiralty and a very high official of British intelligence. ... Stansfeld's father-in-law, William Henry Ashurst, is another of Mazzini's patrons, as is John Bowring of the Foreign Office ...
Bowring is Jeremy Bentham's literary executor.
John Stuart Mill of India House is another of Mazzini's friends.
Shortly thereafter there followed Young Poland, whose leaders included the revolutionaries Lelewel and Worcell [ILLINSKI and Tadeusz Grabianka net + Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company money].
...", acc. to Webster G. Tarpley, Ph.D.

Theories of William Guy Carr on the Satanism - the Illuminati - Zionism, are obviously erroneous, mistaken and very strange because it was a global political network of the Russian intelligence infiltrated by the British, French and Germans, and by the Polish independence conspiracy.

Compare two dates:
1870 Brown of London - Breguet [below]; and
the letter of 1871 from Pike to Mazzini [above].

Breguet cooperated also with Chambrier, V. Foy, the French government (dial telegraph in 1845), the Telegraph Company in 1863 (electric telegraph - Breguet System, late 19th century),
in Britain in the 1860s and 1870s with Wood, Edward George b. in Clerkenwell, Islington, January 1812, d. 1896 from Cheapside, City of London,
who was friend of Thomas Cooper, the Chartist (galvanic telegraph, Crossley's Telegraph in Halifax),
d'Arlincourt (transmitter);
Breguet patented a Telegraph Communicator - Breguet Alphabetical Type, circa 1870; manufactured the telephone transmitter (Boudet, Laborde, Breguet, Ader, Du Moncel, and others) and telephone receivers (Bell, Breguet, and others).
In 1877 telephones appears in Russia but in the Russian army experiments on telephone made in 1878. L. Dyuflon and Dizeren in St. Petersburg established the Electrotechnical workshop on 1892, June 27.
On 1896, December 14, L. Dyuflon, J. Dizeren and A. V. Konstantinovich [Apollon Konstantynowicz son of Wasyl Konstantynowicz] in St. Petersburg established The Factory of electromechanical structures when Tesla received a British patent on the design of the spark gap - rotating strap.

In 1898, K. F. Siemens, W. Siemens, A. V. Gvineria and A. Y. Rothstein in St. Petersburg established the Russian joint stock company of electrical plants 'Siemens and Halske'. 1899 were starting experiments on radio in Russian War Department.

In 1902 (1901), the Plant of electromechanical structures reorganized into a joint stock company 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz & Co', DECA.

In 1870 Louis Francois Clement Breguet transferred the leadership of the company to Edward Brown;
Louis Francois Clement Breguet collaborated with Heinrich Ruhmkorff, George Daniels and Professor Thomas Engel, and Louis Francois Clement Breguet met Alexander Graham Bell and obtained a license to manufacture Bell telephones for the French market.

He had one son Antoine BREGUET, b. 1851 and he was
grandfather of Louis Charles Breguet, aviation pioneer and aircraft manufacturer.

The great-grandson of Louis Francois Clement Breguet:
above Louis Antoine b. 1851 d. 1882, was the last of the Breguet family to run the business. So he took on noted English watchmaker Edward Brown of Clerkenwell to look after the Paris factory.
London-born Edward Brown became the factory manager, his partner - 1870 - and, after Breguet's death, the owner and head of the company. His sons Edward and Henry Brown headed the firm into the 20th century.

By Michael Weare at ' clicktempus.com':
under Brown and his descendants, Breguet remained a niche Parisian watchmaking boutique for the next century. Edward Brown died in 1895, and was succeeded by his two sons Edward and Henry, of whom Edward retired in 1920. Then Henry Brown became the Head of Breguet's Firm. The watching making firm continues to market itself under the name of 'Breguet'. The electrical instrument business trades first under the name of 'Breguet fabricant' and from 1881 - 'Maison Breguet'.
The Brown family owned the Breguet watch brand for 100 years, five years longer than the Breguets. The complicated watches were built by the Joux Valley's leading watchmakers including the Victorin Piguet workshops.
1881 'Maison Breguet' that is Maison Breguet SA was the name given to the Breguet family business after it had sold off to Edward Brown in 1870 and reorganized by 1881. It manufactured electrical instruments, telegraphs, telephones, and industrial engines. It continued to operate in Paris until 1898 when its factories were moved to an industrial area in northern France.

Poniatowski - Maleszewski and 1789' Revolution in France:
Michal Jerzy Ludwik Poniatowski was brother of Kazimierz Jakub Poniatowski
[see Berezyna - Lubuszany close to the Konstantynowiczs' Miezonka in the Minsk province of the Grand Duchy of the Lithuania].
Maleszewski Piotr was the son of above Michal Jerzy Ludwik Poniatowski.

Jeanne Maleszewska nee Garran de Coulon, was daughter of Jean-Philippe Garran / Jean-Philippe Garran de Coulon / Jean Philippe GARRAN DE COULON who was b. April 10, 1749 or 29/04/1749 (born in Saint-Maixent on 19 April 1748), died on 10/12/1816 in PARIS - FRANCE (or 19-11-1816 / December 19, 1816); he was a French politician, was born in HAUTE-SAONE - FRANCE; Secretary of Henrion de Pansey in Paris; lawyer in 1789; member of the legislative in 1791; member of the Institute. Jean Philippe Garran de Coulon, lawyer in Paris.
Jean Philippe Garran de Coulon took part in the agitation preceding the meeting of the States General and was elected alternate member of the Third Estate of Paris.
Member of the first and the second Paris Commune, he directed the Research Committee - the police, and presented the insurrection on 14 July 1789 as the member of conspiracy.

Maleszewski Piotr had known J. P. Garran de Coulon, who had daughters:
1. Jeanne Francoise Felicite GARRAN de COULON;
2. Felicite-Francoise GARRAN DE COULON.

Garran-Coulon, member of the Comite des Recherches was writing 'Report on the troubles of Santo Domingo'; Garran-Coulon, the left-leaning deputy wrote the report, noted on Oge affair in Saint-Domingue.
B. M. Shapiro wrote:
"Eager to demonstrate that all of the violent eruptions of summer 1789 were parts of a carefully orchestrated Masonic plot and equally eager to connect the Comite des Recherches to this plot,
Gustave Bord was trying to persuade his readers that GARRAN, the author of the Comite's published brief against those servants of the Monarchy who had escaped the July violence,
was a 'point man' in a well-planned effort to eliminate a host of top royal officials.
For, having helped dispose of Flesselles and Berthier, Garran's next assignment, in Bord's eyes, was to engineer the judical assassination of BESENVAL:
'At each event, he launches the word or phrase which compromises the man in the hot seat...
Garran de Coulon was certainly partly responsible for the assassinations of the Prevot des Marchands and the Intendant de Paris, and now he is given the task of rendering a legal opinion on the question of whether those in authority in JULY (1789) were guilty'.
By adding his 'evidence' linking Garran to the Flesselles and Berthier assassinations to his extravagant vision of the Comite des Recherches as 'the model for all these revolutionary committes which, in a few months, will put the executioner to work on a full-time basis',

BORD was able construct the following equation:

July Massacres = Comite des Recherches = Terror. ...".

"Jean-Philippe Garran de Coulon, 1748-1816, the son of a provincial tax collector, had come to Paris to join a crowd of starving authors and client-less lawyers. And though he was the author of no less than forty-three pre-revolutionary literary and philosophical works ... none of them was apparently ever published.
... Garran was probably the one man most closely identified with it in the public mind. ... Hence, it was Garran who was largely responsible for the political cover that the Comite's aggressive public image provided for the indulgent policies of the FAYETTIST regime. ... Garran was the first deputy elected from Paris to the Legislative Assembly in 1791 ... he remainde closely linked to BRISSOT and his other former colleagues from the municipality ... ... Garran served in the Thermidorian Convention, the Directory's Council of 500, and the Bonapartist Senate. He was also made a Count of the Empire...".
Jean-Philippe, Count married to Anne-Jeanne Barrengue - she died on August 7 or 6th, 1808, in Saivres (or died in Champmargou, town of Auge, Deux-Sevres). Garran de Coulon, Jean-Philippe (Count) died before December 26, 1816.

Jeanne Francoise Felicite Garran de Coulon, was the wife of Pierre Jean Maleszewski, resident at rue du Pont de Lodi, and Felicity Francoise Garran de Coulon, was a widow of Baron Guillaume Garran de Coulon, residing at rue Cassette No. 28, organized her father's funeral.

On 22 December 1804 Louis-Clement Breguet was born but Louis-Antoine married later with Jeanne Francoise Venture, on 2nd December 1810. In that year was born his daughter Louise Charlotte.
Jeanne Francoise Venture
(other source:
first marriage of Maleszewski with a beautiful Victoire Francoise Venture de Paradise, called "Egyptian", the representative of the then "Merveilleuses", gave him a number of concerns. They had a daughter born in Paris in 1794 -
Victoire Clementine, later married Alfred de Laqueuille)
was previously married to the economist and Polish historian Piotr / Pierr Maleszewski; she was the daughter of a diplomat in Cairo [compare in Cairo the Illuminatis]; the Maleszewski couple was divorced in 1809.

Jeanne Francoise died on January 20, 1813, only 38 years old.

Jeanne VENTURE de PARADIS 1774 - 1813 married to
a. Ludwik / Louis MALESZEWSKI (= Pierre Maleszewski) with children
Klementyna nee Maleszewska / Clementine MALESZEWSKI married to de LAQUEILLE, and
Olimpia Maleszewska / Olympe MALESZEWSKI married to Leonard CHODZKO b. 1800 - died in 1871;
b.
married 2nd in 1810, Paris to Antoine Louis BREGUET 1776 - 1858.

Maleszewski / Maliszewski in 1803 returned to Paris. From now as the enemy of the Emperor and his policies, he did not participate in the political life of France. 1816 as the clerk of the state was not confirmed. A. J. Czartoryski made him as the director of Krzemieniec High School.
Due to permanent residence in France he was the corresponding member of the Warsaw Society of the Friends of Science, to 1820. Much of his scientific achievements remained in manuscript. Historical work, which is not finished, released his wife in Paris in 1832, 2d ed. 1833 Paris, ed. 3 in Berlin 1833;
he believed that "work people" permitted to participate in the government will create a new, positive policy.
In the circle of his influence were:
Fryderyk Skarbek,
Anna Zamoyska Sapieha,
her son Leon Sapieha,
Michael Wiszniewski,
Francis Arminski and many others.
Maleszewski died on 28 September 1828 in France, at the estate of his wife. First marriage of Maleszewski with a beautiful Victoire Francoise Venture de Paradise, called "Egyptian", the representative of the then "Merveilleuses", give a daughter born in Paris in 1794 - Victoire Clementine, later married Alfred de Laqueuille. In addition, his name wore two daughters of his wife, Adela Mortier and Olimpia Chodzko Leonardowa;
after the death of his wife in 1813 he married in 1816 to Jeanne, daughter of an old friend Jean Philippe Garran de Coulon.

Chodzko, Leonard published Michael Cleophas Oginski's Memoirs in four volumes in French in the years 1826-1827;
Chodzko, Leonard / Feonard (?) with nickname Comte d'Angeberg, b. 1800, author. His wife was Olimpia nee Maleszewska b. 1797, d. 1889, daughter of Piotr Pawel Jan Maleszewski b. 1767. Piotr Pawel Jan MALESZEWSKI had daughters:
Victoire Clementine de Laqueuille m. Alfred de Laqueuille b. ca 1780,
Olimpia Chodzko, and half-daughter Adela Mortier.
Maleszewski was the son of Michal Jerzy Ludwik Poniatowski duke b. 1736 in Gdansk, and grandson of Stanislaw Poniatowski. Stanislaw II August Poniatowski King of Poland, was the brother to Andrzej Poniatowski and Michal Jerzy Ludwik.

Josephine Camille O'MEARA [of Ireland], 1828-1907 married 1853, in Paris to Charles Victor Joseph DUBOIS, 1818-1875, with the first child:
Marie Eugenie DUBOIS 1858-1903 married to Antoine BREGUET 1851-1882 with children:
Madeleine BREGUET 1878-1900,
Louis BREGUET 1880-1955,
Jacques BREGUET 1881-1939, a airplane engines and magneto branches in the Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company.

Madeleine BREGUET 1878-1900, married Jacques Bizet b. 10.07.1872, d. 1922, the son of Georges Bizet b. 25.10.1838. Georges Bizet was a French composer (opera 'Carmen'). Brothers of Madeleine BREGUET were Jacques BREGUET 1881-1939 and Louis BREGUET b. 1880 - Paris, d. 1955 - he married 1902 in Paris, to Nelly GIRARDET born 1881.

The Templar masonry in England and the Order of MALTA:

Thomas Dunckerley (1724 - 1795) was a Provincial Grand Master of several provinces,
and in 1767 King George III claiming to be his illegitimate half brother.

The next step was in 1779 when the High Knights Templar of Ireland Lodge, Kilwinning, obtained a charter from Lodge Mother Kilwinning in Scotland. "This lodge now began to grant dispensations to other lodges to confer the Knights Templar Degree. Some time around 1790 the Early Grand Encampment of Ireland was formed, which began to warrant Templar Lodges, and evolved into the Supreme Grand Encampment in 1836".

"The Templar degree had filtered into the lodges of the Antients from Ireland about 1780".
In 1791, Dunckerley became the Grand Master of the first national Grand Conclave of English Masonic Knights Templar; then followed,
in 1805 by their Royal Patron, Duke of Kent, who became Grand Master himself.

Kilwinning Abbey was a home to the Knights Templar and birthplace of the Freemasons.

In 1796 Alexander Deuchar becomes the Heritor to the Jacobite Templar legacy. Alexander Deuchar (1777 - 1844) stayed in Lyon, his family had been Jacobite; in 1807, Deuchar holds a meeting of Knights Templar in Edinburgh; the new Order started formally in 1805 "when a charter was issued to by the Early Grand Encampment of Ireland (previously the High Knight Templars of Ireland Lodge), under the title of the Edinburgh Encampment No 31" -
it became the Grand Assembly of Knights Templar in Edinburgh;
the charter was granted in 1811, for the Grand Conclave of Knights of the Holy Temple and Sepulcher, and of St. John of Jerusalem.

In 1813 Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, became Grand Master of the Premier Grand Lodge of England, and in December 1813 - above Prince Edward became Grand Master of the Antient Grand Lodge of England.

Mentioned above the Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn / Edward Augustus, b. 1767, died in 1820, was the fifth child of King George III of the United Kingdom and the father of Queen Victoria! The Duke of Kent was appointed Field-Marshal of the Forces in 1805. His wife was Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld with daughter Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom.

Martinism "as a mystical tradition, it was first transmitted through a masonic high-degree system established around 1740 in France by Martinez de Pasqually,
and later propagated in different forms by his two students
Louis Claude de Saint-Martin and Jean-Baptiste Willermoz".

Or Martinism is a specific form of Christian mysticism, an esoteric Christianity; founded 1754 in Paris, by Martinez Paschalis, and in 1775 by Louis Claude de Saint Martin, near to Illumine [Illuminate] -
Jean Willermoz who voted the death of the King of France in 1782.

The Scottish Rectified Rite or Chevaliers Bienfaisants de la Cite-Sainte was originally a Masonic rite, a reformed variant of the Rite of Strict Observance, which underlies both Martinism and the practices of the Elus-Cohens; was founded in the late 18th century by Jean-Baptiste Willermoz, who was a pupil of Martinez de Pasqually and a friend of Saint-Martin.

Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick 1721 - 1792.
He is the same Duke of Brunswick who was mentioned in Robison's secret Illuminati membership list, patron of the Asiatic Brethern, an Illuminati offshoot.
The Sabbatian Vienna Lodge of the Asiatic Brethren was founded by Jacob Frank's cousin, Moses Dobrushka, alias Von Schoenfeld [see Carsten Niebuhr in 1767 in Skala Podolska, the core of the Frankists].

Jonathan Eybeschutz born in Cracow in 1690, d. Altona, 1764, was a Talmudist, Rabbi of the "Three Communities". He founded a Masonic lodge called the Asiatische Bruder, one of four Illuminati lodges in Vienna. After his uncle's death in 1791, he was offered the leadership of the Frankist movement which he refused.

The vocation to live a few pseudo-secret organizations, very fast, with extremely strange names and rituals, names dating back to the deep Middle Ages, causes the astonishment and even awakens laughter.
In the course of 50 years each of these organizations tried to take control of the other [1740-1790].
The United Kingdom, Russia and France sent out for supreme positions in these organizations, his trusted men, too. Only the United Kingdom has been successful taking over control of the Scottish mysterious structures, but it was in the years 1790-1805.

A previously plan of mysterious brain was successful.
From England broke away its colonies [without Canada] in the years around 1776-1785.
Blows from the inside hit in France and Poland [1780s] destroying the two countries;
Poland disappeared from the map of the world for about 120 years,
but France survived the chaos of the Jacobin revolution and Napoleonic wars.

It broke out a strange uprising in Russia, operettas and provoked, of the Decembrists, as if someone wanted to prove that Russia is not directed underground movements against Poland, Great Britain and France [and even earlier already against Bavaria; and later against the Papacy in Italy], and at the turn of the 19th and 20th century also against Turkey.

But it is Russia suffered the greatest benefits of the revolutionary turmoil in North America and France - but rather in the whole of central and Western Europe at the end of the 18th century.

Discussed below mysterious organization is nothing more than the 18-century intelligence agencies of a foreign power.

For Germany, England, France, and Poles and also for Baltic Germans, remained the hardest way - but also the way bringing the greatest benefits - take over the underground structures, when it takes on the momentum and becomes the might; best to immediately take over the head of structure - the supreme authority of underground networks and the supreme command of Russian intelligence.
It had to be, however, protect from the rear - creating from the ground up a modern counterintelligence of the Tsarist Russia, by the Baltic Germans already infiltrated from Ireland and Scotland [George Browne and Peter de LACY].

Objectives were clear - the overthrow of the Romanov dynasty and abridgment of Russia to the national core [1917-1922]. The whole plan should have been conducted in Europe now plunged into chaos of war - it is the First World War [1914-1918].

So plan for dismantling of the colonial powers: England and France, ended with a defeat - and the same multi-level underground structure has become a tool of western intelligence services.

In this ensemble, ready to act, entered Polish independence movement of Pilsudski, using additional family connections with the Baltic Germans, Irish and Scots. This was the largest triumph of Poles in the period 1618-2015. Pilsudski never could let - during his life - destroyed of this work [1926], as his successor Marshal Rydz Smigly [1939-1941].

Greatest defeat suffered Poles in the years 1937-1945, and to this day is difficult for them to get up [until 2020].

Of course, already other countries took a leading role in this web network in the 20th century; only suggests - USA, Great Britain, Russia and Israel ...

Below we have the details of the movements of underground in Europe in the period 1740-1790, which also reached North America.
The years 1740 - 1790, it's the beginning of the secret Masonic organizations in Germany, Ireland, France and Scotland, as well as in Russia, Poland, Austria.

Jean-Baptiste Willermoz (1730 - 1824) was a "French Freemason and Martinist who played an important role in the establishment of various systems of Masonic high-degrees in his time in both France and Germany".
In Lyon he became Grand Master in 1761, also organized "Sovereign Chapter of Knights of the Black Eagle Rose-Cross", was admitted to first grade in the Order of the Elus Cohens at Versailles in 1767 by Martinez de Pasqually; in the 1770s, he came into contact with Baron von Hund and the German Order of the Order of Strict Observance which he joined in 1773;
Willermoz introduced also at the Convention of Lyon the Regime Ecossais Rectifie (Rectified Scottish Rite), which combined Templar Freemasonry with the religious ceremonial of the Elect Coens;
he defended the place of Martinist currents in the rite;
"... he resumed his Masonic activities with a resurgence of the CBCS [the Beneficent Knights of the Holy City; in Lyon in 1778, constituted the Beneficent Knights of the Holy City] in 1804, and dedicated himself to this end until his death ... 1824".

The Rectified Scottish Rite, "also known as Order of Knights Beneficent of the Holy City
is a Christian Masonic rite founded in Lyon (France) in 1778".
It is derived from the Rite of Strict Observance erected in 1754 [or 1749], the foundation of which was attributed to Baron von Hund; it propounded a theory that freemasonry was developed directly from the Crusading Templars; the Rite was mainly elaborated by Jean-Baptiste Willermoz, including some items coming from the Elect Cohen Order and denying the Templar legacy.

The Elect Cohens, or the Ordre des Chevelier Macons Elus Cohen de L'Univers / Order of Knight-Masons Elect Priests of the Universe / The Martinist Order of the Elect-Cohens,
which issued from the Traditional Martinist Order i.e. of
the Elus Cohen of Martinez de Pasqually,
and of
the Order of the Rose-Croix of the Orient;

the Elect Cohens, were a society of Cabbalists, organised on 'Scottish' Masonic lines, who were influenced by the Spanish Alumbrados / Sufi;
"...they were the first group to be called the Illumines, or Illuminati, though their relatively conservative views were diametrically opposite to the Bavarian Illuminati ...

founded in 1765 by the Freemason Jacques de Livron Joachim de la Tour de la Casa Martinez de Pasqually,

of Grenoble, France, the Order was initially only open to Master Masons, but later became more open".

"The system of the Strict Observance grew out of what is known as Templarism.
Templar Masonry commenced to grow up in France soon after true Freemasonry was introduced.

This was about 1725.

However, no Grand Lodge was established till 1752.
... The Hospitallers, known officially as Knights of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, was founded at Jerusalem during the first Crusade. ... Some of the Knights went to Russia and elected the Emperor Paul I Grand Master ... In England the Order was never formally suppressed, and in 1888 Queen Victoria granted it a charter. In 1889 King Edward VII, then Prince of Wales was made Grand Prior. ... The Order of the Poor Knights of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon, or, as it is otherwise called, Knights Templar, was founded in Palestine in the 12th century by the Crusaders. ...

The Rite of the Strict Observance is based on Templar Masonry. Its founders claimed that all Templars were Masons
... The truth is that all Templar Masonry is descended from a Kadosh degree invented in Lyons, France, in 1743.

... Nevertheless, about 1740, various Rites, or degrees, of Scots Masonry, did spring into existence, followed shortly afterwards by Scots Mother-Lodges controlling systems of subordinate Scots Lodges. ...

In 1743 the Masons of Lyons invented the Kadosh degree, comprising the vengeance of the Templars, and thus laid the foundation for all the Templar Rites. It was at first called Junior Elect

... The Rite of Strict Observance was carried from France to Germany as early as 1749 [1754].

Von Bieberstein, as Provincial Grand Master, was succeeded at his death, about 1750, by Karl Gotheif, Baron Von Hund, and Alten-Grotkau. He was made a Mason in 1742. A year or so afterwards he met at Paris
Lord, Kilmarnock, who interested him in Templarism [1743/1744],
and he was initiated into the Order of the Temple. He was given a patent and directed to report to the Prov. Grand Master, Von Bieberstein, of the 7th Province in Germany. ...

We can trace its beginnings back to Lord Kilmarnock, Grand Master of Scotland, in 1742 - 1743.

Kilmarnock in Scotland was made a barony ...

In 1751 Von Hund began to give particular attention to the restoration of the Order of the Temple and evidently considered it his life work.
... In 1763 a fellow named Leucht, going under the name of Johnson, who had got hold of some Masonic papers relating to Masonry proper, as well as the high degrees, appeared
at Jena where there was a Clermont Chapter practicing the Templar degrees in the Strict Observance system, and stated that he had a commission from the Sovereign Chapter in Scotland to reform the German Lodges and impart the true secrets of Masonry ...
An Order called the Clerics turned up and it was supposed for a time that the lost secrets were with it. ... This convention took place at Brunswick and was in session from May 23 to July 6, 1775. ... Baron Von Gugumos was at the Brunswick convention and told different members of it that they were all on the wrong track; that the Strict Observance was an imitation, or rather, only a branch of the true Order, and possessed none of the real secrets; ...
The Convention of Wiesbaden ... on Aug. 15, 1776,
with the consent the Prince of Nassau-Usingen, but without that of the Duke of Brunswick. Among those present was the sovereign, the Duke of Nassau; also the Duke of Gotha, the Landgraves Ludwig and George, and many other nobles of lesser note. At one time there was not less than twelve reigning sovereign Princes of Germany members of the Rite of the Strict Observance ...
Baron Von Hund died on Oct. 28, 1776 ...
In 1782 the Rite of Strict Observance was reorganized by Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, who was elected Grand Master General. The next year, however, the Lodge of the Three Globes of Berlin, with all of its subordinate lodges and the Hamburg Lodges, withdrew from the Strict Observance ...",
acc. to 'blog.templarhistory.com' by Burton E. Bennett [born 1863 in North Brookfield, New York; 1887, United States, Attorney for Alaska].

TRUBETSKOY Nikolai Nikitich (1744-1821) is known as a close friend of Novikov and one of the main members of society Martinists.
In 1796 Paul I sent him to the Voronezh province, but he was soon appointed as a senator in Moscow Senate.
This MARTINIST Society had a close connection to the Franco-Masons and the Illuminati, in the end of the XVIII century, was a lot of branches in Russia and Germany.
Many of its members were of royal and high-ranking foreign persons, such as
the Duke of Brunswick,
Duke Kassalsky,
Velkner, Prussian First Minister, etc.
Many of the members were the Russians:
Lopuhin Ivan,
Ivan Turgenev,
Kutuzov,
Tatishchev,
Chebotarev, etc.

His brother Prince Yuri Nikitich, who was also a member of society Martinists, had a name Neasta (Neastes).

You will look at interesting connections and not only, genealogical:
von Korff family from Courland; the Armand family from Moscow; here is a known step towards general Franciszek Paszkowski [+ Artur Potocki, the Templar] and Apolon Konstantynowicz, together with Lenin [+ Inessa Armand] and Anna Konstantynowicz; and Cagliostro in Konigsberg and Mitau in Courland in February - March 1779, and St Petersburg in 1779-1780. And Cagliostro - a visit of Tadeusz Grabianka in London - and again the Breguet family and Edward Brown of London appear: and we have just returned to the air-telegraph-military company Duflon & Konstantinovich in St Petersburg and Zaporozhe in Russia.

So the main thought of the [Polish-French] Illuminati Order is the work of Tadeusz Grabianka. The thought of taking power in Russia was a central idea guiding the Polish underground from the 80s of the 18th century until 1917. The continuator of the main thought of Tadeusz Grabianka about taking power in the tsar state - in the Russian Empire - was Jozef Pilsudski.

The Armand family, who since 1799 wanted to settle in Moscow, met with General Franciszek Paszkowski, through the family Alexandre de Bauffremont-Courtenay and his son - Alphonse de Bauffremont / prince de Bauffremont Courtenay.

Named Alphonse de Bauffremont and General Franciszek Paszkowski were together adjutants / aide-de-camp of Marshal Joachim Murat.

Joachim Murat and Jozef Sulkowski were adjutants of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Mentioned Alexandre de Bauffremont-Courtenay and [then he was Baron] General Armand were in Russia in 1791. So, 29 year-old general Paul Armand [Paul 1st] came from Paris together with Alexandre, the Marquis de Courtenay.

Paul Armand [Paul 2nd, wine merchant], 1760 - 1835, or was born in 1762, was the first in Russia in 1791 [Paul the 1st = Paul the 2nd ?].

General Paul Armand [Baron, the 1st], in Russia in 1791, but Jean-Louis Armand [he was the son of Paul Armand, the 2nd] was the first in Russia in 1799.

Mentioned Alexandre de Bauffremont [de Bauffremont-Courtenay], born in 1773 and died in 1833, prince de Bauffremont, emigrated to Koblenz but rallied to Napoleon I who made him count Empire.
Mentioned above Alphonse de Bauffremont, born in 1792 and died in 1860, duke of Bauffremont, prince of Bauffremont, was created count by Napoleon and became aide-de-camp of Murat [see JOZEF SULKOWSKI and General FRANCISZEK PASZKOWSKI !].
Alphonse de Bauffremont distinguished himself at the Battle of the Moskowa, in 1812, under MURAT as his aide- de-camp, as well as in the Saxony campaign in 1813 [Dresde / Dresden / Drezno in 1813]. During the Hundred Days, Alphonse de Bauffremont was instructed by Murat to bring Napoleon confidential dispatches.

Also, the merchant Paul Armand / Pavel Armand was entered into the 3rd Guild (arrived in 1808, March) from foreigners of the French nation; resident of the Butcher's part in the house of Tolbukhin. He has wife Angelica Karlova, 44 years old.

It was expulsion of a group of foreigners (including Armand-father: PAUL ARMAND) from Moscow in 1812.

When the French and Russian troops stayed near Moscow, according to the writer N. Dubrovin in the book "1812 in the letters ...", "General Korff (Fedor Karlovich, baron, Russian adjutant general, 1774 - 1826), a man worthy of respect ... met at outposts with General Armand. This conversation ...:
'We are really very tired of this war', give us a passport (meaning the document on concluding peace on the specific conditions...), ... said General Armand. 'No general,' answered Korf, 'you have invited uninvited people to us'... [then] said General Armand - 'is it not a pity that two nations respecting one another ... we will apologize for being the instigators...'. 'So,' replied General Korf, 'we believe that you have learned to respect us lately, but could you, the general, respect us, if we allowed you to leave with a weapon in hand?' Armand - 'it is clear there is nothing to talk with you more about the world and it will not be possible for us to agree'."

Fyodor Karlovich Korf or Korff (1773 - 1823) led a Russian cavalry corps in 1812-1814 during the Napoleonic Wars. He was talking with general Paul ARMAND close to Moscow.

At the same time [or after this talk ...] Paul Armand was exiled to Nizhny Novgorod.
Inf. on General Armand, acc. to the General Armorial of the French Empire, published in Paris in early 1812: Armand - Colonel of the 22nd Infantry Regiment of Line Troops. Evidently during the Russian campaign he was promoted to the rank of General. The Chevalier of the Order of the Legion of Honor. The Baron of the Empire. Here is the description of the coat of arms of Baron Armand.

Eugene Ivanovich (Louis-Eugene) Armand (1809 - 1890, in Pushkino), the grandson of Paul Armand, was the first of the family to produce for trade a fashionable goods, and created a technological line for the production of components of chemical agents used in the process finishing and dyeing fabrics.

Mentioned
Fedor = Fyodor Karlovich Korf or Korff in 1807 led a cavalry brigade in the 4th Division at Eylau. During the French invasion of Russia in 1812 he commanded the II Cavalry Corps at Borodino. In 1813 he led the I Cavalry Corps at the Katzbach and Leipzig. In 1814 he led his horsemen at Laon, Fere-Champenoise and Paris.
Friedrich Nikolai Georg (Fedor Karlovich) Baron Korff (1773 - 1823) was born in Virginahlen in Courland, the son of
Nikolaus Karl von Korff, of Preekuln and Juliane Jakobine von Behr.
Husband of Ekaterina Grigor'evna.
Father of PAVEL KORFF [1812 - 1831].
Brother of Hermann Korff.
Above Nikolaus Karl von Korff, of Preekuln - b. 1748 in Kreuzburg, the Polish Livland,
was the son of
Benjamin Christian von Korff and Julianne Louise von Korff (born Keyserling).

NIKOLAUS married Constantia Sibylla von Keyserlingk and Juliane Jakobine von Behr;
and Nikolaus was the father of
Hermann Korff and
Friedrich Nikolai Georg (Fedor Karlovich) Korff
[acc. to Timo Antero].

Above
Carl Nicolaus Korff, Baron, b. in Kreuzburg in 1748. Kreutzburg = Jekabpils, Latvia. Jekabpils / Jakubow, is a city in southeastern Latvia, at halfway between Riga and Daugavpils. He died in 1814.
Father - Benjamin Christian, of Preekuln in Courland, died in 1749;
mother: Julianne = Julianna Lowisa, nee Keyserling.

Carl Nicolaus Korff, Baron, m. 1st Constantia Sibylla v. Keyserling; 2nd to Julianna Jacobina v. Behr.
Carl Nicolaus in 1764 studied; Nikolaus Karl von Korff in 1770 was Chamberlain [chancellor]. 1790-1796 country representative. Deputat in 1790, 1791 until 1795. In Grodno, Warsaw and in St. Petersburg. 1795 in St. Petersburg. 1796-97 Governor of Courland / Kurland.

Above
Benjamin Christian Korff, of Preekuln, 1724 - 1748,
the son of Nicolaus VII von Korff, Baron and Constantia Ursula.
Husband of Julianne Louise Keyserling.
Father of Nikolaus Karl von Korff.
Brother of
Emerentia Eleonore;
Margaretha Constantia;
Friedrich Sigismund von Korff of Schonberg and Nerfft;
Nicolaus Ernst Baron von Korff;
Luisa Dorothea.
Acc. to Peter Trefilov.

Vencavu / Vencavai with Pazemiu and Juozapava and many of the surrounding villages (in 1823) for the 13,760 rubles acquired Count Krzysztof Wereszczynski / Verescinskas Christopher and his wife Honorata Oskierkaite / Honorata Oskierko nee Benislawska = Honorata Oskierka Wereszczynska Benislawska.

Honorata Benislawska born ca 1780, married 1 st in 1800 to Jan Oskierka b. ca 1780, son of Ludwik Oskierka / Oskierko b. ca 1760
{Ludwik Oskierka's grandparents:
Antoni Oskierka 1670/1680-1734 [see below on MIEZONKA of the Konstantynowiczs];
Zofia Stadnicka-Kolenda [the daughter of Adam Kolenda ie. Adam Kolendo - Stadnicki; she was born ca 1690, and was married to Antoni Oskierka];
Michal Jerzy Tyzenhauz; Anna Barbara Bychowiec}
and Ludwika Niemirowicz-Szczytt

{Ludwika Niemirowicz's grandparents:
Jan Krzysztof Niemirowicz-Szczytt 1700-1756/1771; Ludwika Pac 1710-1789; Count Jozef Butler 1710-1749; Teresa Urbanska};

with children:

1. Dominik Oskierka of Wolkowysk, the 2nd, b. 1810 m. Anna Wollowicz

(Anna WOLLOWICZ was daughter of Kazimierz Wollowicz 1779-1849 and Maria Felkerzamb born 1788
[Anna had brother Michal Wollowicz 1805 - 1833];

granddaughter of
Michal Wincenty Wollowicz b. ca 1740

[Kazimierz Wollowicz senior - the Slonim Marshal, b. ca 1720 ?, died November 1790 in Slonim, with wife Ludwika, had above son Michal Wincenty Wollowicz with wife Petronella]

with Petronela / Petronella Swiecicka, and

Adam Ewald Felkerzamb 1734-1794 the Inflanty governor 1790-1794, the Witebsk governor 1787-1790, the chamberlain of the King Stanislaw August Poniatowski,
with

Ewa Marianna Oskierka 1753-1825;

the great-granddaughter of
Henryk Ewald Felkerzamb 1690-1758 with his wife Elisabeth Helene Witten / Elzbieta Helena von Witten b. ca 1700)

and above ANNA WOLLOWICZ was born 1809;

2.

Pamela OSKIERKA, b. 1810 m. Konstanty Krzywicki 1805-1865.

Above mentioned
Eva Oskierko / Ewa Oskierka / Ewa Marianna Oskierka 1753-1825, died in Essern west of Hannover, wife of Adam Ewald Felkersam / Adam Ewald Felkerzamb 1734-1794;
mother of Adam von Felkersam;
Anton von Felkersam

[Anton Felkersam b. 1784 d. 1832 in Saint Petersburg, husband of Rosalie;
father of Xavera Bsse. von Korff nee FELKERSAM

{Xavera Korff 1809 - 1874, wife of
Carl Wilhelm Friedrich Ferdinand Paridon Baron von Korff
and mother of
Rosalie Drugowin;
Marie Somerset-Rosetter

(wife of Fyodor Somerset-Rosetter / Fedor, 1782 officer, in 1793 served the Tver regiment as Colonel - inf. 1796);

Modest Korff; Eugene Korff; Paul Carl Korff; Alexander Bar. von Korff and Victor Alexander; inf. by Peter Trefilov in 2015 at www.geni.com}];

Marianna von Felkersam / Maria Felkerzamb born 1788
and Benedicta von Felkersam;
inf. under copyright by Elle Kiiker at geni.com.

Above
Marianna von Felkersam b. circa 1788, was wife of Stefan Mikulski / Stephan Mikulski b. ca 1780,
and mentioned above Kazimierz WOLLOWICZ / Kasimir Wollowicz;
mother of
Michal / Michail Wollowicz 1805-1833
{Michal Wollowicz fought close to Grodno - see the Wollowicz family and the area close to Wola Pszczolecka. More below !};
Paulina Wollowicz (b. 1806, d. 1881, m. Stanislaw Jagmin, the Kobryn Marshal, 1796-1864, with children:
Maria Jezierska b. 1840, and Kazimierz Jagmin b. 1841)
and
Anna Wollowicz Oskierka - Anna b. 1809 was daughter of Kazimierz Wollowicz 1779-1849 and Marianna / Maria Felkerzamb born 1788.

Above
Paridon Carl Wilhelm Friedrich Ferdinand Baron von Korff, 1801 - 1867,
the son of Adam Wilhelm Ernst Friedrich Sigismund Baron Korff and Wilhelmine Antoinette Dorothea Ernestine.
Husband of Xavera.
Father of
Rosalie Drugowin;
Marie Somerset-Rosetter;
Modest von Korff;
Eugen von Korff;
Paul Carl.
Brother of
Nicolaus Friedrich Wilhelm Sigismund Baron Korff; Alexander Nicolaus Heinrich Friedrich; Leopold Friedrich Cazimir Karl; and Julius Wilhelm Friedrich.
Half brother of Olga; Elisaveta Fedorovna Kuhler; and Fyodor -
copyright by Peter Trefilov in 2017.

Above
Adam Wilhelm Ernst Friedrich Sigismund Korff b. 1760, d. 1813 in Jelgava.
Son of Friedrich Sigismund von Korff.

Above
Friedrich Sigismund von Korff of Schonberg and Nerfft, b. 1730 in Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg, Berlin.

Son of Nicolaus VII von Korff, Baron [b. 1682, the son of Nicolaus VI Baron Korff / Mikalojus Fon Korfas, b. 1648].

Brother of Benjamin Christian Korff, of Preekuln.

Above Benjamin Christian Korff, was the father of Nikolaus Karl von Korff.

Above
Nikolaus Karl von Korff, b. 1748, husband of Constantia Sibylla von Keyserlingk and Juliane Jakobine von Behr.
Father of Hermann Korff and
Friedrich Nikolai Georg (Fedor Karlovich) Korff.

Nicolaus V Korff was the heir of the landed property. His eldest son Christian III (b. 1676), died without descendants.
His brother Nicolaus VI. He had three sons,
Benjamin Christian,
Friedrich Siegmund and
Nicolaus Ernst, progenitor of three other lines.

The line of Benjamin Christian (1724-1748) went out with the death of his grandson Hermann (1773-1834).

Frederick Sigmund (1730-1797), imperial Russian Privy Council, founded the branch Brucken-Schoenberg.

Nicolaus Ernst (1734-1787), a royal Polish chamberlain, founded the Kreutzburger line, which remained until 1920 in the possession of Kreutzburg.

The Armand family, who since 1799 wanted to settle in Moscow, met with General Franciszek Paszkowski, through the family Alexandre de Bauffremont-Courtenay and his son - Alphonse de Bauffremont / prince de Bauffremont Courtenay.

Named Alphonse de Bauffremont and General Franciszek Paszkowski were together adjutants / aide-de-camp of Marshal Joachim Murat.
Murat and Jozef Sulkowski were adjutants of Napoleon Bonaparte.
Mentioned Alexandre de Bauffremont-Courtenay and [then he was Baron] General Armand were in Russia in 1791. So, 29 year-old general Paul Armand [Paul 1st] came from Paris together with Alexandre, the Marquis de Courtenay.

Paul Armand [Paul 2nd, wine merchant], 1760 - 1835, or was born in 1762, was the first in Russia in 1791.

General Paul Armand [Baron, the 1st], in Russia in 1791, but Jean-Louis Armand [he was the son of Paul Armand, the 2nd] was the first in Russia in 1799.

Mentioned Alexandre de Bauffremont [de Bauffremont-Courtenay], born in 1773 and died in 1833, prince de Bauffremont, emigrated to Koblenz but rallied to Napoleon I who made him count Empire.

Mentioned above Alphonse de Bauffremont, born in 1792 and died in 1860, duke of Bauffremont, prince of Bauffremont, was created count by Napoleon and became aide-de-camp of Murat [see JOZEF SULKOWSKI and General FRANCISZEK PASZKOWSKI !]. Alphonse de Bauffremont distinguished himself at the Battle of the Moskowa, in 1812, under MURAT as his aide-de-camp, as well as in the Saxony campaign in 1813 [Dresde / Dresden / Drezno in 1813]. During the Hundred Days, Alphonse de Bauffremont was instructed by Murat to bring Napoleon confidential dispatches.

Note to Marquis de Courtenay in Russia in 1791:

The last male member of the French Courtenays died in 1733 [the last male member of the French Courtenays committed suicide in 1727], but his niece married the Marquis de Bauffremont, and her descendants assumed the title of "Prince de Courtenay". However the marquis de Beauffremont [Louis de Bauffremont (1712-1769)] was made in 1757 Prince of the Holy Roman Empire and this title was recognised in France.
Above LOUIS had a brother - Prince Joseph of Bauffremont (1714-1781) who married in 1762 to Princess Louise Benigne Marie Octavie Francoise Jacqueline Laurence of Bauffremont / Princesse de Bauffremont-Courtenay [b. ca 1745 ?] 1750-1803.

JOSEPH's son -
Alexandre Emmanuel Louis de Bauffremont-Courtenay, [maybe he was born before 1773 !] b. 1773, died in 1833, married in 1787 [in 1787, San Ildefonso, Province de Segovie, Castille et Leon, Espagne] to Marie-Antoinette Rosalie Pauline of Quelen de La Vauguyon (1771-1847), the daughter of Paul Francois of Quelen de Stuer de Caussade, second duke of La Vauguyon, prince of Carency, and Marie Antoinette Rosalie de Pons de Roquefort.

Alexandre Emmanuel Louis de Bauffremont - Courtenay (1773-1833), son of JOSEPH [not of Louis] served under the Bourbons. He fled France during the French Revolution and emigrated in Koblenz, then Alexandre was in Russia in 1791, he entered the rank of a colonel in Spain, served in the campaigns of 1793 and 1794 as captain of the cavalry in the service of France.
He settled in the United States [in 1794 ?].
He later returned to France [compare General Tadeusz Kosciuszko] and was made a Count of the French Empire by Napoleon in 1810. Louis XVIII made him a peer of France in 1815 and in 1817, and duke in 1818.

Alexandre Emanuel Louis de Bauffremont, marquis de Listenois had 2 sons:
Alphonse (1792-1860), 2nd Duke of Bauffremont;
Theodore (1793-1852).

Alphonse de Bauffremont, born in 1792 and died in 1860, duke of Bauffremont, prince of Bauffremont, was created count by Napoleon and became aide-de-camp of Murat [see JOZEF SULKOWSKI and General FRANCISZEK PASZKOWSKI !]. Alphonse de Bauffremont distinguished himself at the Battle of the Moskowa, in 1812, under MURAT as his aide- de-camp [see: Wincenty Aksamitowski of the Murat Staff],
as well as in the Saxony campaign in 1813 [Dresde / Dresden / Drezno in 1813].
During the Hundred Days, Alphonse de Bauffremont was instructed by Murat to bring Napoleon confidential dispatches.
Named Alphonse de Bauffremont and General Franciszek Paszkowski were together adjutants / aide-de-camp of Marshal Joachim Murat.
Murat and Jozef Sulkowski were adjutants of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Dominik Paszkowski born 1783 in Brody, the Lwow province, was the half-brother to Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski (b. 1778 in BRODY), general, who was the friend of MURAT and KOSCIUSZKO;
General Franciszek Paszkowski was the first son of JAN Paszkowski of MOKRSKO.

A strongest organization in the region of Napoli / Naples was the Carbonari movement in 1820; they proclaimed a constitutional monarchy in Naples. King Ferdinand I accepted vision of social revolution political changes. Vienna and the Holy Alliance directed intervention against the revolution in 1821. Reintroduced the absolute rule of Ferdinand I.

There are many theories about the creation of the Carbonari movement;
creators were to be French Freemasons in opposition to the Masonic Swedish Rite or officers who came to Italy with Joseph Bonaparte and Murat to propagate fighting with the reign of Ferdinand IV; there is also a view that English created in Sicily the Carbonari movement, either Queen Maria Carolina of Austria or the Italian Illuminati - at the end of the eighteenth century.

Alexandre de Bauffremont (1773-1833) was in USA in 1794-1795/1796.
He was the owner of the castle of Scey-sur-Saone. Alexandre de Bauffremont (1773-1833) was prince-duke of Bauffremont. Alexandre Emmanuel Louis de Bauffremont - Courtenay (1773-1833), was the son of JOSEPH [not of Louis - Joseph's brother - see below !] who was served under the Bourbons.
Alexandre de Bauffremont fled France during the French Revolution and emigrated in Koblenz in 1789-1790, then Alexandre was in Russia in 1790-1791 or in 1791, he entered the rank of a colonel in Spain in 1792. Alexandre de Bauffremont served during the campaigns of 1793 [Champagne] and 1794 [Pyrenees] as captain of the cavalry in the service of France.
He settled in the United States [in 1794 ?]. Remember: Koblenz in 1789/1790. RUSSIA - 1790-1791 [with ARMAND] or in 1791 [see below more on ARMAND].
He then took service in Spain with the rank of lieutenant-colonel in 1792 - 1793. Alexandre de Bauffremont obtained in 1795 his removal from the list of emigrants. 1794 - 1795 in USA. He then in 1795 or in 1796 returned to France [compare General Tadeusz Kosciuszko] and was made a Count of the French Empire by Napoleon in 1810. Louis XVIII made him a peer of France in 1815 and in 1817, and duke in 1818. Alexandre Emanuel Louis de Bauffremont, marquis de Listenois, b. 1773 in Paris, was the son of
Joseph de Bauffremont, prince de Listenois and Louise Benigne de Bauffremont;
husband of Marie Antoinette Rosalie Pauline de Quelen with 2 sons:
Alphonse Charles Jean 2nd Prince-Duc de Bauffremont Courtenay,
and Theodore, prince de Bauffremont Courtenay.

Alexandre Emmanuel Louis de Bauffremont - Courtenay was the brother of Helene Choiseul d'Aillecourt and Hortense Genevieve Marie Anne de Narbonne-Lara / de Ferrari - inf. by George J. Homs in May 2018 at geni.com.
In 1787, Alexandre Emanuel Louis de Bauffremont, marquis de Listenois, married Marie-Antoinette, daughter of Paul Francois de Quelen de La Vauguyon. He emigrated to Koblenz on the French Revolution in 1789. In 1792- 1792 he was living in MADRID with the wife. But rallied to Napoleon and accepted the title of comte de l'Empire. He was made a peer of France in 1815 by Louis XVIII.

The ARMAND family from Moscow [+ General Franciszek Paszkowski] and the French roots of the Konstantynowicz family [Anna Armand Konstantynowicz and Inessa Armand - Lenin Uljanov] - Prometheism / PROMETHEISM of Poles in Russia, 1877/1878 - 1904:

Jean-Louis Armand (1786 - 1855 in Moscow) appeared in Russia in 1799, together with his father Paul Armand and mother Angelica (1765 / 1767 - 1813 in Moscow), the daughter of Charles, during an escape from the terror of the French Revolution.

Paul Armand b. ca 1762 was a prosperous farmer in Normandie and sympathized royalists. He, settling in Paris, opened the building workshop; there he married Angelica, b. 1767, the daughter of Charles from Alsatie; he decided to build his commerce on the French wines trade in Russia. Once the ship crashed in the Bay of Biscay and it ruined family of Armand in 1791. But Paul soon had good commercial relations in shipping ports of south France (Nice and Marseille probably).

The 29 year-old General Paul Armand, in 1791 [but Jean-Louis Armand was in Russia in 1799], came from Paris to Russia in the carriage of the Marquis de Courtenay [see below].

Alexandre Emmanuel Louis de Bauffremont - Courtenay (1773-1833), was the son of JOSEPH, who was served under the Bourbons. Alexandre de Bauffremont fled France during the French Revolution and emigrated in Koblenz in 1789-1790, then Alexandre was in Russia in 1790-1791, he entered the rank of a colonel in Spain in 1792.

PAUL ARMAND had an antique best wines of France in barrels, bought up at the south. Paul Armand expected to open in Moscow own wine shop. On the way to Russia, he did not know that it will suffer a financial collapse: the ship will sink with wine in 1791. After the shipwreck of wine in the Bay of Biscay, Armand transfered trade of wines to the Mediterranean ports of France, in 1792/1793, it took place perhaps during the continental blockade taken by England against Napoleon. Then, after 1815, the trade lasted maybe until the Crimean War in the 50's of the 19th century.

Paul Armand ran the wine trade through the ports in the south of France to Russia: a probable route from Marseille - Nice - after Italian Naples - Smyrna / Smyrne (see the Ralli Brothers from London, Marseille, India) in Turkey? - Crimea / Krym, where the Armand family had a very good trade agreements.

A Demonsi / Demontet family ran in Moscow and in KAZAN a sales of these French wines.

According to one version, Paul Armand was a shoemaker who had fled to Russia from the French Revolution. According to another version,
Paul died on a road and his son Alexander to get to Moscow.
But it is necessary to go to the old German cemetery, were we find the grave of the first Armand who moved to Russia from France.
... Paul Armand 1760 - 1835,
Marie Barbe Armand, nee Collignon 1774 - 1872,
Jean-Louis Armand 1786 - 1855,
Jeanne Angelique Armand 1765 - 1813,
Paul Felix Armand, 06.06.1816 - 03.08.1817.

The 29 year-old general Paul Armand came from Paris in the carriage of the Marquis de Courtenay.

Armand was not married ... He had an antique best wines of France in barrels, bought up at the south. Paul Armand expected to open in Moscow own wine shop. On the way to Russia, he did not know that it will suffer a financial collapse: the ship will sink with wine.

When Paul Armand married [ca 1783 / 1785], he did not know what would be the basis of family trade - fashionable hats at first. Near to the fashionable shop of Armand in MOSCOW, was trading house of DEMONSI / Demonet where sold not only fashionable Parisian clothes, but also French wines, perfumes, delicacies and even lamps.

Mentioned above Jean-Louis Armand, from his first marriage [ca 1806] to Elizabeth Osipovna (1786 / 1788 - 1817), Sabine called her, had a son Yevgeny / EUGENIUSZ ARMAND, born in 1809.

From his second marriage, Jean-Louis and Marie-Barbe, nee Collignon (1780 - 1872) had a daughter Sophia, married a Swede, Osip Hecke / Hoecke/ Hacker [compare HACKER in the Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company].

Note to Marquis de Courtenay in Russia in 1791:

The last male member of the French Courtenays died in 1733 [the last male member of the French Courtenays committed suicide in 1727], but his niece married the Marquis de Bauffremont, and her descendants assumed the title of "Prince de Courtenay". However the marquis de Beauffremont [Louis de Bauffremont (1712-1769)] was made in 1757 Prince of the Holy Roman Empire and this title was recognised in France.

Above LOUIS had a brother - Prince Joseph of Bauffremont (1714-1781) who married in 1762 to Princess Louise Benigne Marie Octavie Francoise Jacqueline Laurence of Bauffremont / Princesse de Bauffremont-Courtenay [b. ca 1745 ?] 1750-1803.

JOSEPH's son -
Alexandre Emmanuel Louis de Bauffremont-Courtenay, [maybe he was born before 1773 !] b. 1773, died in 1833, married in 1787 [in 1787, San Ildefonso, Province de Segovie, Castille et Leon, Espagne] to Marie-Antoinette Rosalie Pauline of Quelen de La Vauguyon (1771-1847), the daughter of Paul Francois of Quelen de Stuer de Caussade, second duke of La Vauguyon, prince of Carency, and Marie Antoinette Rosalie de Pons de Roquefort.

And see on:
Paul Francois de Quelen de Stuer de Caussade (1746 - 1828 in Paris), the Marquis de Saint-Maigrin, then the Duke de Saint-Maigrin, then the Duke de La Vauguyon and the Duke de Caussade. His father was Antoine de Qeelen, Prince de Vauguyon, diplomat and French politician. As a politician, PAUL was associated with the conservative group of opponents of Finance Minister Jacques Necker. French ambassador in the Netherlands in 1777-1784. In 1785-1791, Ambassador of France in Madrid. In September 1791 by Louis XVI, he became a diplomat on the services of aristocratic French emigres. He urged the Spanish minister Count Floridablanca to make pro-French intervention in France; and he had a correspondence contact with the king of Sweden, Gustav III, to prepare the anti-revolutionary war. In the period from July 13, 1789 to July 16, 1789 he was the French secretary of foreign affairs. In 1766, he married Antoinette Rosalie de Pons in Paris, the daughter of Charles Armand de Pons, Viscount de Pons, Count de Roquefort and Gabrielle Rosalie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil.

The daughter of Vauguyon and Antoinette was
Marie Antoinette de Quelen de Stuer de Causade de la Vauguyon (1771-1847), who in Spain (on 27 September 1787 in San Ildefonso) married [a representative of royalist emigration] Alexandre, the Duke Bauffremont- Courtenay (1773-1833).

Alexandre Emmanuel Louis de Bauffremont - Courtenay (1773-1833), was the son of JOSEPH.

But we have 2nd source:
Alexandre Emmanuel Louis de Bauffremont - Courtenay married Pauline de Quelen de La Vaugyuyon in 1787, born in 1771 and died in 1847 [ie. Marie Antoinette Rosalie Pauline de Quelen with 2 sons: Alphonse Charles Jean 2nd Prince-Duc de Bauffremont Courtenay, and Theodore, prince de Bauffremont Courtenay], daughter of Paul Francois de Quelen, Duke of La Vauguyon, Prince of Carency, and Antoinette de Pons de Roquefort. His children were Alphonse, who follows, and Theodore.

And acc. to a Russian source in Moscow in 2005:
"The Great French Revolution of 1789 was completed and the persecution began against representatives of the noble families of France. Among them the family of the Marquis De Courtenay was. The head of this family named Francois was a member of the Academy of Fine Arts in Paris. He came from Strasbourg (the main city of the province of Alsace). Having collected the most valuable of his works and equipping the carriages, Francois [maybe Alexandre Emmanuel Louis de Bauffremont-Courtenay] and his family, and Paul Armand, left France in the direction of Russia. Passing through the borders, and overcome ... terrible Russian roads, they finally reached Moscow. At first they were jointly settled in rented apartments, but later their activities went in different directions".
This family legend of the Courtener / de Bauffremont-Courtenay family shows that the social position of the family Armand and Courtenay were close.
... F. Tasteven show the time of the appearance of Francois Courtenay in Russia in 1793 - 1794.

Jean-Louis Armand, from the first marriage with Elizaveta Osipovna (1788 - 1817) called Sabina, had a son Eugene ARMAND born in 1809.
From the second marriage of Jean-Louis Armand with Marie-Barbe Colignon (1780 - 1872) was born the daughter Sophia Armand, who later married Swede, Osip Hecke / Hacker (according to other sources Hecke).

Revizsky show that in Moscow in 1811 in the 3rd guild of the Moscow merchants, Jean-Louis Armand was inscribed as 24 years;
his son Louis - 2 years 10 months; both the French nation; residents of the Butcher's part in the house of Mr. Tolbukhin.
His wife Elizaveta Osipovna is 24 years old and the daughter of Elizabeth is 4 years old.

Also, the merchant Paul Armand / Pavel Armand was entered into the 3rd Guild (arrived in 1808, March) from foreigners of the French nation; resident of the Butcher's part in the house of Tolbukhin.
He has wife Angelica Karlova, 44 years old.

It was expulsion of a group of foreigners (including Armand-father) from Moscow in 1812.

When the French and Russian troops stayed near Moscow, according to the writer N. Dubrovin in the book "1812 in the letters ...", "General Korff (Fedor Karlovich, baron, Russian adjutant general, 1774 - 1826), a man worthy of respect ... met at outposts with General Armand. This conversation ...: 'We are really very tired of this war', give us a passport (meaning the document on concluding peace on the specific conditions...), ... said General Armand. 'No general,' answered Korf, 'you have invited uninvited people to us'... said General Armand - 'is it not a pity that two nations respecting one another ... we will apologize for being the instigators...'. 'So,' replied General Korf, 'we believe that you have learned to respect us lately, but could you, the general, respect us, if we allowed you to leave with a weapon in hand?' Armand - 'it is clear there is nothing to talk with you more about the world and it will not be possible for us to agree'."

At the same time Paul Armand was exiled to Nizhny Novgorod.
Inf. on General Armand, acc. to the General Armorial of the French Empire, published in Paris in early 1812: Armand - Colonel of the 22nd Infantry Regiment of Line Troops. Evidently during the Russian campaign he was promoted to the rank of General. The Chevalier of the Order of the Legion of Honor. The Baron of the Empire. Here is the description of the coat of arms of Baron Armand.

Eugene Ivanovich (Louis-Eugene) Armand (1809 - 1890, in Pushkino), the grandson of Paul Armand, was the first of the family to produce for trade a fashionable goods, and created a technological line for the production of components of chemical agents used in the process finishing and dyeing fabrics. The factory-workshop was located at Novo-Basmannaya, 23. This was the very beginning of the 40s of the XIX century. Later, Eugene Ivanovich worked in the factories of the Moscow region. Armand lived in the village of Ivanteevka.

We back to named the family of Bauffremont;
they kept the lordship of Scey-sur-Saone until the Revolution and the property of Scey-sur-Saone until the end of the 19th century. The castle of Scey-sur-Saone was built in 1561, for Claude Bauffremont, bishop from Troyes. A new castle in Scey-sur-Saone was designed in 1697 by Jean-Baptiste Bouchardon (1667-1742) for Charles-Emmanuel de Bauffremont (1644-1733), abbot of Luxeuil and Saint-Paul de Besancon. Scey-sur-Saone, Ovanches or Chassey the Scey depended on the parish of Saint Albin. La Maison de Bauffremont, ie. The Bauffremont House / Family, counted two knights of the Holy Spirit and four of the Golden Fleece, is an old noble family from Upper Lorraine. Created in 1673, Bauffremont Dragons - "the oldest regiment of gentlemen", until 1773. Bauffremont Dragons then became Lorraine Dragons, then 9th regiment of dragoons.

Louis de Bauffremont, Marquis, then Prince de Bauffremont, born in 1712 and died in 1769. He married in 1735 Marie France de Tenarre, Duchess of Atri.
His child was Louise Benigne.

Joseph de Bauffremont, born in 1714 and died in 1781, vice-admiral, prince with all his descendants of the Holy Roman Empire in 1757 in Vienna. In 1762 he married Louise Benigne de Bauffremont, his niece.
His children were:
Joseph Henri, Alexandre who follows, Helene, Adelaide and Hortense.

Above Alexandre de Bauffremont, born in 1773 and died in 1833, prince de Bauffremont, marquis of Bauffremont and Listenois, peer of France in 1787, duke and peer in 1818, knight of Saint-Louis, emigrated to Koblenz but rallied to Napoleon I who made him count Empire. He married Pauline de Quelen de La Vaugyuyon in 1787, born in 1771 and died in 1847 [ie. Marie Antoinette Rosalie Pauline de Quelen with 2 sons: Alphonse Charles Jean 2nd Prince-Duc de Bauffremont Courtenay, and Theodore, prince de Bauffremont Courtenay],
daughter of Paul Francois de Quelen, Duke of La Vauguyon, Prince of Carency, and Antoinette de Pons de Roquefort. His children were Alphonse, who follows, and Theodore.

Mentioned above Alphonse de Bauffremont, born in 1792 and died in 1860, duke of Bauffremont, prince of Bauffremont, peer of France, prince of Carency, knight of Saint-Louis, was created count by Napoleon and became aide-de-camp of Murat [see JOZEF SULKOWSKI and General FRANCISZEK PASZKOWSKI !].

Alphonse de Bauffremont distinguished himself at the Battle of the Moskowa, in 1812 [with General ARMAND ! - with ALPHONSE or with his father Aleksandre in 1790/1791 ?] under MURAT as his aide-de-camp, as well as in the Saxony campaign in 1813 [Dresde / Dresden / Drezno in 1813].

During the Hundred Days, Alphonse de Bauffremont was instructed by Murat to bring Napoleon confidential dispatches. As Alphonse de Bauffremont was returning to Italy, the Austrian police arrested him in TURIN, and sent him to Paris in 1815.
Later, Alphonse de Bauffremont took some time of service in the Russian army in 1815 [or after; under Emperor Aleksandr I] until 1821 [in 1822 he was in ITALY - compare OGINSKI !]. "... Bienlot poursuivi par le souvenir de sa patrie, il quitta pour elle la Russie, et se retira aupres du prince, son pere, a Scey-sur-Saone..." [Bientot pursued ... Alphonse de Bauffremont left Russia ... and retired to his father, at Scey-sur-Saone].

Alphonse de Bauffremont = Alphonse Charles Jean of Bauffremont-Courtenay, Prince of Bauffremont and the Holy Roman Empire, marquis of Bauffremont and Listenois, second Duke of Bauffremont (1833), is a French soldier and politician [copyright by Wikipedia], born in Madrid (Spain) in 1792 and died in Paris in 1860. ALPHONSE was the son of mentioned above Alexander de Bauffremont-Courtenay (1773-1833), Prince of Bauffremont and the Holy Roman Empire, first Duke of Bauffremont, and the Princess Pauline of Quelen de La Vauguyon (1771-1847). Alphonse de Bauffremont married the June 16, 1822 in Livorno (Grand Duchy of Tuscany), to Catherine Isabella Moncada (1795-1878), daughter Jean Louis Moncada, Prince of Paterno and Jeanne des Baux. They had two children: Roger (1823-1891), third Duke of Bauffremont, and Paul Francois Charles (1827-1893), Prince of Bauffremont and the Holy Roman Empire.
Under the First Empire, he became aide-de-camp to Marshal Murat.
In 1815 he is charged by MARSHAL Murat [see the MASONRY in ITALY !] to bring to Napoleon confidential dispatches. He returned to Italy in 1815/1816 or 1821/1822. A decree of January 26, 1852, called him to sit in the Senate.

We back to ancestors:
Charles-Emmanuel de Bauffremont (1644-1733) destroyed the old castle in Scey-sur-Saone and it was build a new castle (the work lasted until 1710). Charles-Emmanuel de Bauffremont (1644-1733) died at the castle in Scey-sur-Saone. During the Revolution the castle in Scey-sur-Saone became a military hospital and it was burned in the night of October 12, 1795. The fire was the cause of a lawsuit initiated in 1796 by Alexandre de Bauffremont (1773-1833), first duke in 1817, and this lawsuit was won against the Republic in 1803.

Compare:
1.
"... Salomons' biography records that Marat and Breguet were at the house of a mutual friend one day when an angry crowd gathered outside, shouting "Down with Marat!", but Breguet contrived their escape by disguising Marat as an old woman, and they left the house arm in arm, unmolested.
In 1793 Marat discovered that Breguet was marked for the guillotine, possibly because of his friendship with Abbe Marie, and his association with the royal court; in return for his own earlier rescue, Marat arranged for a safe-pass that enabled Breguet to escape to Switzerland, from where he travelled to England.
He remained there for two years, during which time he worked for King George III.

When the political scene in France stabilised, Breguet returned to Paris. In 1795 Breguet returned to Paris with many ideas for innovations in watch and clock making..." [all above copyright by Wikipedia].

2.
TADEUSZ KOSCIUSZKO returned to France in 1798:

The French Consul informed his government of this two days after the General's arrival ... on his arrival in Paris, the General told the officers of the Polish legions who welcomed him:

"I want to be ever and inseparably with you. I want to join you to serve our common country. Like you I have fought for the country, like you I have suffered, like you I expect to regain it. This hope is the only solace of my life." Jefferson, ... treated Kosciuszko as an informal envoy from the United States to France. Kosciuszko later wrote:

"Jefferson considered that I would be the most effective intermediary in bringing an accord with France, so I accepted the mission even if without any official authorization."

Jefferson helped him obtain a passport under the assumed name of Thomas Kanberg.
Kosciuszko, ... about securing his passage, frequently importuned Jefferson to hurry. ... The two men agreed upon a cipher or code in which they could correspond, though, as it turned out, they did not actually use it. Kosciuszko gave Jefferson power of attorney to act for him in all business concerning his property in the United States ...

Dr. Benjamin Rush, his Philadelphia friend and physician, when reporting the General's wounds almost healed, though he would always limp slightly, had added: "Every step he takes will remind him of his patriotism and bravery."

For the next twenty years, Jefferson and Kosciuszko corresponded, usually several times a year. Part of this exchange was over business. Although Jefferson had turned the General's funds over to John Barnes, an excellent Philadelphia banker... Through the years, Kosciuszko confined his letters chiefly to business. He usually wrote in French with considerable misspelling and bad grammar. Kosciuszko's opinion of Jefferson remained high. When the Virginian was nominated for the presidency, the Pole urged him to be "always good, true American a Philosopher and my Friend," and again: "Do not forget in your post be always the virtuous Republican with justice and probity without pomp and ambition in a word be Jefferson and my friend." ...

When Kosciuszko returned to France in 1798, he wrote the Czar a strong letter, which he gave to the newspapers, revoking his oath not to resist him on the grounds that the Czar's ministers had exacted that promise by terror and against his free will. This letter infuriated Paul and resulted in reprisals against the families of leading Polish emigres, including Niemcewicz's.

Kosciuszko served for a time as a kind of ambassador of the Polish legions with the French Directory; he was known as "chief of the Polish nation." Two legions based in Italy... and Kosciuszko helped organize a third unit, the Legion of the Danube.

After Napoleon assumed dictatorial powers under the coup d'etat of November, 1799, Kosciuszko developed a deep distrust of him. ... Napoleon had failed to meet his demands for an independent nation, a constitution based on the British model, and freedom and lands for the serfs.

On the other hand, Julian Niemcewicz, who had married and settled in New Jersey, ... enlisted Jefferson's help in securing a passport to Poland so that he might fulfill "a sacred duty to hasten to my post, and join my feeble Services to those my Countrymen undertake." ...
Kosciuszko sadly returned to exile, this time in Switzerland.
In his letter of April, 1816, he explained to Jefferson what happened:
Tsar Alexander promised me to enlarge the Duchy of Warsaw to the Dzwina [Dvina] and Dnieper, our former limits, but his ministers refused to carry out his generous and magnanimous plans, and unfortunately the Kingdom of Poland is smaller by a good third than the Duchy of Warsaw.
Tsar Alexander pledged me a constitutional government liberal and independent and even to enfranchise our unfortunate serfs and give them their land.

The Japaridse / Djaparidze - Dadiani / Dadian - Saparian / Saparov + ARMAND + Konstantynowicz - Oldenburg + Romanov branch:

Prince Aleksandri Kviti Niko Dadiani, b. 1864, m. Princess Nino Dadiani (b. 1868 or after!), younger daughter of Prince Tarieli Taia Dadiani, by his second wife, Princess Agrafina JAPARIDSE / Agrafina Countess von Zarnekau, daughter of Prince Konstantini Japaridze / Konstantin Japaridse.

Ivan Konstantinovich Japaridze was the brother of named above Princess Agrafina JAPARIDSE / Japaridze.

Tamara Arkadevna SAPAROV married 1st to mentioned Ivan Konstantinovich Japaridze, and TAMARA SAPAROV - JAPARIDZE was 2nd married to Lev ARMAND / Lion Emilievich Armand (Inessa Armand relatives).
Tamara Arkadevna SAPAROV / Saparian was the daughter of Saparov Arkady (1854 - before 1921), and his wife Varvara Maypariani.

Ivan Iaparidze and AGRAFINA were children of Constantine Japaridze / Constantin Japaridze
(Ivan b. ca 1860; his father Konstantyn / Constantin / Constantine Japaridse died in 1860 !) from the upper Racha region of Georgia.

Ivan Japaridze b. ca 1860, had sister Agrippina, Countess von Zarnekau, b. 1855, nee Agrippina Constantines Japaridze.
Constantine married Melania Japaridze.

Lev Armand was the son of Emil E. ARMAND and his wife Zofia Hacker / Sophia nee Osipovna Hecke (Hakker, Hacker, Hekke) from Estonia.

Emil Armand was the brother of Eugene ARMAND of Moscow.

Emil Armand had six children.

LEW ARMAND / Leo Armand (1880 - 1942) married to TAMARA SAPAROV - JAPARIDZE / Saparova Tamara Arkadevna Japaridze. Lew / Leo Emilievich ARMAND was the 2nd husband of Tamara Japaridse.

Above Agrafina Japaridse married 1st Tariel Dadiani. She was 2nd wife of named TARIEL / Tarieli Dadiani. On June 28, 1882, Agrippina divorced Dadiani. And in 1882, Constantine OLDENBURG entered into a morganatic marriage with Agrippina Japaridze-Dadiani.

Prince Tarieli Taia Aleksandri Dadiani, b. 1842, m. first to Princess Sopio Dadiani b. 1838, the daughter of Prince Levanti Shervashidze of the Guria.
Tarieli's father:
Prince Aleksandri Manuchari Dadiani.
And his grandfather:
Major-General H. E. Prince Nichola Giorgi Dadiani / Nikolai Georgievitch Dadianov / Bolshoi Niko, Lord of Kurdzu, b. 1764 - Duke of Mingrelia, fourth son of Katsia II Dadiani, Duke of Mingrelia.

Mentioned Princess Agrafina JAPARIDSE / Japaridze-Dadiani married 2nd Konstantin's son ie. Constantine Oldenburg / Constantin of Oldenburg (b. 1850, St. Petersburg - died in 1906 in Nice, France).

AGRAFINA JAPARIDSE DADIANI / Agrafena Djaparidze, was created Countess von Zarnekau.

Above Constantin of Oldenburg (b. 1850, St. Petersburg - died in 1906 in Nice, France) came from
Peter OLDENBURG and Frederica who had two sons:
August (born in 1783) and
George / Georg (born in 1784), ie. Paul Friedrich August, Grand Duke of Oldenburg;
and Duke Georg Peter Friedrich of Oldenburg.

GEORG OLDENBURG married Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna of Russia, ROMANOV.

GEORG's son was Duke Konstantin Friedrich Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg (1812 in Yaroslavl, Russian Empire - 1881 in St. Petersburg) was a Duke of the House of Oldenburg.

"[copyright by Wikipedia on Duke Konstantin Friedrich Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg]
He was the grandfather of Duke Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg as well as
grandfather of Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich, General of the Imperial Russian Army during World War I.

His great-great grandson, Nicholas Romanov, was the President of the Romanov Family Association until his death in 2014".

KONSTANTIN's [ie. Duke Konstantin Friedrich Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg] daughter -
Alexandra of Oldenburg (1838, St. Petersburg - 1900 Kiev, Ukraine), m. Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (1831-1891), ROMANOV.

Konstantin's son -
above named Constantin of Oldenburg (1850, St. Petersburg - 1906 in Nice, France), married AGRAFINA JAPARIDSE / Agrafena Djaparidze, created Countess von Zarnekau.

See Armand - Konstantynowicz home in Moscow.

Network:

the King of Naples, Marshal Joachim Murat - General Armand - General Axamitowski of Poznan - General Franciszek Paszkowski
[+ Maria Paszkowska Armand - Apolon Konstantynowicz - BREGUET] -
Colonel / General JAN DEMBOWSKI, the Freemason, the friend of Ignacy Potocki and Artur Potocki [of the Grand Orient in 1818] -
and from ARTUR POTOCKI to Wojciech Paszkowski + Br. Bystrzanowski and the Mark Masons Order
[and here the line to Kalinowski and Tadeusz Grabianka / Marcin Tarnowski / Stadnicki / Ilinski - the ILLUMINATI and the TEMPLARS]

+ Tadeusz Kosciuszko in 1776 [+ General Franciszek Paszkowski and General Stanislaw Fiszer (Fiszer lived in Koninko in 1803 - 17 km south-east to POZNAN)]:

Freemasonry in Italy:

"Grande Oriente d'Italia was founded in June of 1805 to Milan, and was set under the regency of Eugene Beauharnais. With the fall of the French empire and of its Murat's appendage in Naples, the Italian Freemasonry fell in a deep crisis. ... especially in Sicily".

"The extreme precedent dispersion of the Masonic groups, combined to the formation of 'secret societies' similar to the Freemasonry, but active on the political plain only, contributed to make difficult and hard- working the following Masonic reconstruction". (by Wikipedia) "The lodge founded in Milan in 1756 was quickly discovered by the Austrian authorities... However the lodge continued to exist and in 1783 joined the Grand Lodge of Vienna. ... In 1797, most of Northern Italy east of Piedmont and north of the Papal States became the Cisalpine Republic. ... The Grand Orient of France formed the new state's first lodge in Milan in 1801, and in 1805 Milan also hosted a Supreme Council of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. The Grand Orient of Naples amalgamated with the new body, and a new Grand Orient was born, recognised by Paris. ... By 1867 the Grand Orient was based in Florence ... Two Scottish Rite Councils existed in Palermo and one in Milan. Garibaldi personally intervened. His masonic congress in Naples in 1867 started a process of unification of the grand bodies ... when the Supreme Council of Palermo amalgamated with the Grand Orient".

Wincenty Aksamitowski
born 1760 in Nagorzany near Kamieniec Podolski [see Tadeusz Grabianka + Stadnicki], died in 1828 in Warsaw. The General of division of the army of the Warsaw Duchy. One of the most important masonic lodges operating at the French army was "Brothers from the Great Army." Wincenty Aksamitowski performed function in the office of the First Caretaker. Les Freres Anglais et Francais Reunis was founded in 1807 in Poznan, and it was subordinated to the French Grand Orient; consisted of numerous military and civilian dignitaries and prominent citizens; General Wincenty Axamitowski / Wincenty Aksamitowski was the champion for a long time.

General Wincenty Axamitowski / Wincenty Aksamitowski was the son of Ignacy Aksamitowski (Ignacy died in 1810), of Podole [see Kajetan Bystrzanowski and Jan Paszkowski], and Tekla de Witte;

GENERAL AXAMITOWSKI WAS THE GRANDSON OF General Jan de Witte.

{Jan de Witte senior, b. 1709, d. 1785, in Kamieniec Podolski [see Grabianka, Kalinowski, Tarnowski and Stadnicki]; Polish military engineer; Dutch origin, architect, representative of the Baroque, from 1781 general- lieutenant of the Crown troops; father of Joseph Witte.
Jan de Witte and his wife Marianna Lubonski were buried in the Catacombs of the Cathedral in Kamienec Podolsky.

Jan de Witte (1705-1785) - Commandant of the fortress and border strongholds in 1768-1785. Builder and defender of Kamienec Podolski;
co-operated with Lubomirski in Lviv, and in Rivne.

Jozef Zefiryn de Witte (Witt) Count, 1739 - 1815, General, the son of above JAN, senior.

Karolina Rozalia Tekla Sobanska nee Rzewuska (1793/1795 - 1885) - Countess, an agent of the Russian tsarist police, wife of Jerome Sobanski.
Carolina Rzewuska was born as a daughter of Adam Lawrence Rzewuski and her siblings were Ewelina Hanska, and Adam RZEWUSKI, Russian general. After completing education in Vienna, she married Jerome Sobanski, landowner close to Odessa; 1818 he met Karolina by General Ivan Osipovich de Witte / Jan de Witte. She participated in the social life of the city, and 1823 met Alexander Pushkin.
Pushkin fall in love with Sobanska.

The next exile, who found himself, surrounded by Witt and Sobanski, was Adam Mickiewicz.
Sobanska was known as a traitor; August to October 1825, Mickiewicz and Sobanski participated in the expedition to Crimea, but Woroncew arranged Mickiewicz's transfer to Moscow. In 1829 Mickiewicz probably thanks to her left Russia and went to Germany on board an English ship.

General Witt [Iwan Osipowicz de Witt, Jan de Witte junior, b. 1781, Kamieniec Podolski, d. 1840 in St Petersburg; General and Count; the son of named Jozef Zefiryn de Witte + Zofia Glavani]
was appointed martial law governor of Warsaw in 1831. General Witt was appointed as the military governor, while Nikolai Korff, one of the Baltic German generals, took over as the city commandant}.

Wincenty Aksamitowski in 1774 served the Polish army, a cadet at the School of Crown Artillery in Warsaw. A second lieutenant in 1781. He fought as captain in the war aginst Russia in 1792. The Poles in June 1797 formed two legions in ITALY, and artillery under the head of Vincent Aksamitowski.

Wincenty Aksamitowski was in 1812 the Governor of Poznan.
In the Moscow campaign of 1812, Wincenty Aksamitowski replaced the chief of staff of the king of Naples, Joachim Murat, and Wincenty Aksamitowski fought in the campaign of 1813.
Wincenty Aksamitowski fought at Lipsk and Hanau, then again in the service of J. Murat [see Franciszek Paszkowski and Jozef Sulkowski].
In the French campaign of 1814, he commanded the Brigade of General J. Defranca. After the fall of Napoleon he was the deputy chairman of the Central Council of Administration of the Polish Corps. In 1815 he returned to the country and was active in the army of the Kingdom of Poland.
In Paris, in 1802, Wincenty Aksamitowski was a graduate of the 33rd degree of the Scottish Rite of the upper classes [the TEMPLAR - see Artur Potocki]. The administrative steps rise from 31 to 33 degrees, creating the white Freemasonry. The Mason, entering the administrative stages, becomes a follower of the Gnostic monism (the belief that Lucifer is a god) and performs the function of authority over the Masons from the lower levels of initiation.
In 1803, Wincenty Aksamitowski co-operated with General Tadeusz Kosciuszko and his secretary Franciszek Maksymilian PASZKOWSKI.

The Scottish Rite
- one of the dominant and more extensive masonic rituals, deeply permeated by the tradition of Judaism. Despite the name, it was not created in Scotland, but in Napoleonic France. It has 33 degrees of initiation. Connected above all with regular freemasonry.

Wincenty Aksamitowski was the master of the Polish United Brothers of the Freemasonry, founded by General Alexander Rozniecki.
Wincenty Aksamitowski in 1820 was a great guardian of the Seals - of the National Polish Great East. He died in Warsaw 1828 or in 1829.

Wincenty Aksamitowski (1760-1829) and Michal Sokolnicki (1760-1816) represented the group of former legionaries, who after 1801 decided to enlist in the French army. Wincenty Aksamitowski the son of Aksamitowski Ignacy (1736 - 1771); married Aksamitowska Vincencja (1782 - 1838).

Wincenty Aksamitowski was the Great Seal keeper; he keeps a list of all the acts he has saved in the seals with the date of the order under which they were seized and the date of supply with stamps. Before him: 1815, Stanislaw Wegrzecki; 1819, Jozef Lubowidzki; and in 1820 Wincenty Aksamitowski; next was - 1821, Jozef Miklaszewski.

Officials of the Grand Orient, appointed by the Grand Master: there were also six officials from the East, appointed for a year by the master: speaker, secretary, master of rituals, hospice, Stuart and director of harmony. Samples:
1816, Ksawery Kossecki;
1820 - Stanislaw Potocki General;
1821, Wincenty Aksamitowski.

So the main thought of the [Polish-French] Illuminati Order is the work of Tadeusz Grabianka. The thought of taking power in Russia was a central idea guiding the Polish underground from the 80s of the 18th century until 1917. The first step to limit Russia to its ethnic territory was made by Jozef Sulkowski, then Adam Mickiewicz, and Israel Parvus from Berezina. The continuator of the main thought of Tadeusz Grabianka about taking power in the tsar state - in the Russian Empire - was the political movement of Jozef Pilsudski.

Remember here on connections:

Jozef Pilsudski - Andrzejak - Karol Zbieranowski - Marshal Marian Spychalski - Miezonka - Konstantynowicz, and then Moscow: General Franciszek Paszkowski - Armand - Demonsi of Kazan - Apolon Konstantynowicz + Anna Konstantynowicz nee Armand - LENIN; and further Breguet - Duflon - Piotr Maleszewski - Michal Poniatowski - Venture de Paradise - and we return to Jozef Sulkowski; here, Marshal Murat and Napoleon Bonaparte; again from Marshal Jozef Pilsudski we have lines to Aldona Dzierzynski + Feliks Dzierzynski and Pilar Pilchau of Parnu / Parnawa - Oziemblowski and Terlecki.

And again, we return to Wojciech Paszkowski + Franciszek Paszkowski, but this time we are going to Sebastian Bystrzanowski in Trzebniow and the Templars in Scotland. We're joining Br. Bystrzanowski with George Washington. We similarly connect General Franciszek Paszkowski - General Tadeusz Kosciuszko - General Stanislaw Fiszer - and then Mielzynski of Chobienice - von Unruh / Niepokojczycki of Sluck and Kargowa - Oppeln-Bronikowski of Kunowo {Kiedrzynski}; Wojciech Paszkowski + Artur Potocki and again the Templars. Artur Potocki with a network of connections to Cracow / Krakow, Berezina / BEREZYNA, and Lubuszany close to Miezonka. And Miezonka: Zarako Zarakowski, Malkiewicz, Oskierka, Prozor, Stafania Radziwill, and Chrapowicki of Swolna. And Chrapowicki of Swolna - this line leads to Wankowicz from Kaluzyca and to Konstantynowicz from Miezonka, Swolna, Tallinn, and Moscow.

The structure of the Illuminati was taken over as a whole in the Spring of 1937 in the Soviet Union by Stalin and our enemies. This network of multi-country intelligence underwent degeneration and it transformed around 1961 into a globalist movement.

The main role is currently played - after 2015 - by Russia and China as the heirs of this globalist movement and Soviet ideology - currently the main enemies of Donald Trump, the USA and contemporary anti- Communist Poland.

My research concerns many state intelligence networks created in the first half of the 18th century.

Initially it was a global political network of the Russian intelligence infiltrated by the British [1791], French [from the 40s of the 18th century] and Germans [1769/1776], and by the Polish independence conspiracy [was established 1792/1799] starting from a years 1870/1878.

Compare three dates: 1.
6 km to the south of the BRZEZIE was the palace in Wieniec founded in the early nineteenth century by the family of Miaczynski; in 1868 the property bought a Warsaw banker of Jewish origin and a great Polish patriot - Leopold Kronenberg.
2. 1870, Brown of London - takes over the Breguet company [below];
3. and the letter of 1871 from Albert Pike to Mazzini.

Only a curiosity - Ilinski in 1805 introduced Tadeusz Grabianka to St. Petersburg - and the granddaughters of this Ilinski family were associated with a credit bank in St. Petersburg, who gave loans to Duflon & Konstantynowicz, as well as to Nobel.
For example, for submarines and their electricity.

The Nobels and the Armands were on the board of directors to the Duflon & Konstantynowicz.

The Oldenburg family sold to the Duflon and Co. a lot of ground in St. Petersburg, and Popov worked on the side, etc. Oldenburg is part of Romanov family.

They bound themselves with Japaridze - Saparian / Saparov, and siblings of the Japaridzes were Armands, just children and grandchildren of Maria Paszkowska-Armand, the daughter of general Franciszek Paszkowski - he was the secretary of Kosciuszko together with Stanislaw Fiszer and together they cooperated with Aksamitowski;
Franciszek Paszkowski lived at Kosciuszko house near Paris and built a mound in Cracow. The House of Japaridze-Armand-Paszkowski-Konstantinovich in Moscow, this is a story remained in the memory of Zofia Konstantynowicz-Plaszczewska, as Georgians in "their family."

And now we back to the Mecinski of Jedlno
[a branch of the Stadnicki family, and after 1740 the Walewskis next of kin - the Masons] also they had Trzebniow - on the south-east from Czestochowa.

Then Trzebniow moved to the Bystrzanowskis. Bystrzanowski with Kosciuszko in 1776 sailed together to Martynika, and they crashed there and only they saved themselves!
French threw them to the colony of Britain - to George Washington and Thomas Jefferson.

Bystrzanowski was the head of the Masons Lodge, in which George Washington was a simple freemason.

And Kosciuszko went to Jefferson.

In Trzebniow already in the 19th century, Wojciech Paszkowski was the manager, the brother of above General Franciszek Paszkowski.

But Wojciech Paszkowski was also the manager of Krzeszowice near Krakow, the Artur Potocki's estate, and his plenipotent, too. Artur Potocki was a Templar, 33 degrees.

And again, we return to Wojciech Paszkowski + Franciszek Paszkowski, but this time we are going to Sebastian Bystrzanowski in Trzebniow and the Templars in Scotland. We're joining Br. Bystrzanowski with George Washington. We similarly connect General Franciszek Paszkowski - General Tadeusz Kosciuszko - General Stanislaw Fiszer - and then Mielzynski of Chobienice - von Unruh / Niepokojczycki of Sluck and Kargowa - Oppeln-Bronikowski of Kunowo {Kiedrzynski}; Wojciech Paszkowski + Artur Potocki and again the Templars. Artur Potocki with a network of connections to Cracow / Krakow, Berezina / BEREZYNA, and Lubuszany close to Miezonka. And Miezonka: Zarako Zarakowski, Malkiewicz, Oskierka, Prozor, Stafania Radziwill, and Chrapowicki of Swolna. And Chrapowicki of Swolna - this line leads to Wankowicz from Kaluzyca and to Konstantynowicz from Miezonka, Swolna, Tallinn, and Moscow.

The structure of the Illuminati was taken over as a whole in the Spring of 1937 in the Soviet Union by Stalin and our enemies. This network of multi-country intelligence underwent degeneration and it transformed around 1961 into a globalist movement.

Aleksandra Potocka / Aleksandryna Potocka sold ZATOR [she died in 1892] to AUGUST POTOCKI, 1847-1905; then, in 1905, it belonged to widowed Eugenia Wojnicz-Sianozecka Potocka, the widow after death of AUGUST POTOCKI. Eugenia Wojnicz-Sianozecka, 1870-1925. And ca 1908/1909, Eugenia sold the estate Zator to Krystyna Potocka nee Tyszkiewicz, of Krzeszowice [I had explained incorrect inf. on Jerzy Dunin-Wasowicz of the 18th century].

Aleksandra Potocka / Aleksandryna Potocka sold [? ca 1887/1890] Luboszany / LUBUSZANY [she died in 1892]
(K. Lipinski - the manager of Berezyna, Tepliki, ZwinogrĂłd. LUBUSZANY - 13 km to MIEZONKA),
to hands of Krystyna nee Tyszkiewicz
(born in RIGA in 1866; died in 1952! - the daughter of Jan Witold Emanuel Tyszkiewicz b. 1831 in WOLOZYN; the granddaughter of Jozef Tyszkiewicz b. 1805 in PALANGA; the great-granddaughter of Michal Tyszkiewicz Count, b. 1761 in BIRZAI / Birze; the great-great-granddaughter of JĂłzef Ignacy Tyszkiewicz b. 1724, d. 1815 in Valozyn),
the wife of the Galicja governor - Andrzej Potocki.

But the last owner of BEREZYNA
{Beata Terczynska inf. Maurycy Potocki was the owner of Berezyna in the 80's of 19th cent. ? - but we know Aleksandra Potocka / Aleksandryna Potocka sold ZATOR and Lubuszany [when ?], and named Luboszany / LUBUSZANY took Krystyna nee Tyszkiewicz, Potocka, of Krzeszowice, 1866-1952!
BEREZYNA belonged to above mentioned
Maurycy Eustachy Ludwik Potocki b. 1812 - died in 1879 in Krzeszowice or in Paris in 1880, and to his sons}

before 1916 until Dec. 1918 was Maurycy Stanislaw Potocki b. May 1894 in Jablonna, died in 1949 - the son of
August Adam Potocki b. 1847, died in 1905 in Warsaw - the owner of BEREZYNA Ihumenska

{a widow after death of August POTOCKI, in 1905 took ZATOR and maybe Berezyna [1905-1909];
she sold Zator in 1908; she sold Berezyna after 1909 to hands of her son - MAURYCY POTOCKI.

August Potocki also was the owner of JABLONNA.

Next owner of ZATOR in 1908 - Krystyna Potocka nee Tyszkiewicz of KRZESZOWICE, and her son Adam Potocki, 1896-1966};

the grandson of Maurycy Eustachy Ludwik Potocki b. 1812 - died in 1879 in Krzeszowice or in Paris in 1880, the landowner of BEREZYNA

{Maurycy Eustachy Ludwik Potocki b. 1812 - died in 1879 in Krzeszowice in AUSTRIA, or in Paris in 1880 - was the owner of BEREZYNA in Russia!

In 1880 his son August Potocki took JABLONNA, Zator, and HALF of the BEREZYNA ESTATE.

The second half of named BEREZYNA took August's brother Eustachy Potocki / Eustachy Maurycy Aleksander 1859-1914.


August Potocki - the Austrian citizen - bought in 1890/1891 the second part of BEREZYNA belonged to named Eustachy with Baron Eugeniusz WULF, Klimkiewicz manager, Colonel KOZLOWSKI, and Zaglowski};

the great-grandson of Aleksander Stanislaw Potocki b. 1778

{the husband of Anna Maria Ewa Apolonia Dunin-Wasowicz

[the daughter of Ludwik Tyszkiewicz b. 1748 in WILNO - Ludwik was the owner of Poloziny in the IHUMEN county and BEREZYNA - LUBOSZANY
(Luboszany took his wife Konstancja nee Poniatowska)
in 1793 after Sapieha]

and Izabella Potocka MOSTOWSKA [her son Stanislaw Potocki Count, ca 1824 - 1887]. Partner of Aleksandra Stokowska};

the great-great-grandson of
Stanislaw Kostka Potocki 1755 - 1821, the FREEMASON.

Aleksandra Potocka / Aleksandryna Potocka sold ZATOR in Austria [she died in 1892] to AUGUST POTOCKI, 1847-1905; then, in 1905, it belonged to widowed Eugenia Wojnicz-Sianozecka Potocka, the widow after death of AUGUST POTOCKI.

Eugenia Wojnicz-Sianozecka, 1870-1925.
And ca 1908/1909, Eugenia sold the estate Zator to Krystyna Potocka nee Tyszkiewicz, of Krzeszowice near CRACOW.

Andrzej Potocki died in 1908
= Andrzej Kazimierz Potocki born in KRZESZOWICE in 1861 in Austria, died in LWOW, the owner of Krzeszowice, the orderly officer of Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria.

Andrzej's wife was KRYSTYNA Tyszkiewicz Potocka, 1866-1952, and she was the owner of ZATOR in Austria, ca 1908/1909, and since ca 1887/1890 {?} of LUBOSZANY / Lubuszany - 13 km to MIEZONKA in Russia

[they had children:
Maria Teresa Tyszkiewicz; Izabela Maria Krasinska; Kystyna Siemienska-Lewicka; Adam Wladyslaw Franciszek Potocki; Artur Antoni Bonawentura Hubert Maria Potocki born in 1899 in Krzeszowice close to CRACOW].

Above
ANDRZEJ POTOCKI of Krzeszowice,
the son of Adam Jozef Mateusz Potocki; died in Krzeszowice in 1872 - acted in STASZOW;
the grandson of Artur Potocki, 1787-1832, the Freemason-TEMPLAR and Zofia Branicka 1790- 1879.

The great-grandson of Jan Nepomucen Potocki 1761-1815, who was the son of
Jozef Potocki 1735-1802, and the
grandson of Stanislaw Potocki 1698-1760 and Helena Zamoyska 1717-1760
and the great-grandson of
Michal Zdzislaw Saryusz Zamoyski - the Smolensk governor, 1679-1735 {see Wilkowo Polskie - Kiedrzynski - Pradzynski - Szoldrski};
Jozef Stanislaw Potocki (1673-1751) = Jozef Potocki in Cracow in 1748
- who was the son of Andrzej Potocki died in 1691 in Stanislawow; and
the grandson of Stanislaw Potocki Rewera b. 1589 in Podhajce, d. 1667.

His, Arthur Potocki, grandchildren, were the owners of Berezina and Lubuszany, 13 km from Miezonka of the Konstantynowiczs. My grandfather walked as a courier to mentioned Lubuszany in 1918.

Cool trivia only!

Those Lubuszany earlier were owned by the Sapiehas - compare Sapieha what he died in Kenya.

As already a curiosity:

The Mycielskis were around Pleszew, a few kilometers from Kiedrzynski, like from Stadnicki-Wezyk-Jordan line, and one of them, Erasmus Mycielski, the greatest secret conspirator of the 90s of the 18th century, was born obviously in Kamieniec Podolski.
His biggest trust was Bardzki - it is Jakub Kiedrzynski's family - Jakub was the brother of Izydor Kiedrzynski, who moved home in 1775/1776, to Jedlno [Mecinski-Walewski-Stadnicki net].

Of course, Mycielski and Stadnicki were the highest officials in Kamieniec Podolski, where in 1767 Carsten Niebuhr was arrived, from Malta in 1761 [Illuminati under Russian influence].

And in this Kamieniec Podolski the supreme bishop was obviously Krasinski, the one who had a property near Przasnysz [Krasne close to Leszno village], for a 200 years the land of the Krasinskis, friends of the Leopold Kronenberg family.

Leopold Kronenberg was related to Severin Lowenstein-Lenval born 1833 in Warsaw. This is a branch of Anna Teresa Tymieniecka born on Feb 28, 1923 in Marianowo.

NOTE:

Bohdan Wladyslaw Zaremba Tymieniecki or Bogdan / Bohdan ZAREMBA-Tymieniecki, was born in Warsaw, then he was living in Paris, war in 1939 in Poland, Colonel in Italy [author with a nickname Visconsini, Amadeo], a landowner before 1939 - was the brother of ANNA-TERESA Tymieniecka!

Anna Teresa was born on Feb 28 1923 in Marianowo, close to Stargard Szczecinski or in the Rypin County, close to Golub-Dobrzyn and RYPIN - but not near by Mlawa.

Her mother was Maria-Ludwika de Lanval Tymieniecka / LENVAL.

Wife of above Bogdan / Bohdan was Joanna Tymieniecka Burhardt, b. 1920, the daughter of Stanislaw Seweryn Burhardt-Bukacki and Jadwiga Beck.

Above Jadwiga Beck nee Salkowska, b. 1896 in Lublin, died in 1974 in London, UK, daughter of Waclaw Salkowski and Jadwiga Maria; wife of General Stanislaw Seweryn Burhardt-Bukacki and Colonel Jozef Beck, III - mother of Joanna Tymieniecka.

Above Stanislaw Seweryn Burhardt-Bukacki b. 1890 in Cannes, France, died in 1942 in Edinburgh; he was the son of Jan Krzysztof Burhardt and Salomea Otylia Burhardt; father of Joanna Tymieniecka.

Above Jozef Beck, III born in 1894 in Warszawa, died in 1944 in Stanesti, Romania, son of Alojzy Beck, II and Bronislawa Filipina; husband of Maria Wiktoria Janiszewska and Jadwiga Beck;

Jozef Beck - Polish politician, a diplomat, a close associate of Josef Pilsudski, Colonel of the Polish Army.

Named Krasne is situated 5 - 7 km from Leszno village were born Jaworska Halina, Wodkiewicz, the one from neighbors of my grandparents on the mother's side in 1955, and the one from Krokusowa Rd, and her house is bordered on Krokusowa Rd with Sedzicki - Bogucki, the one from Internal Security Agency, ie. Security of the Internet and Mobile, which lived over me in a special apartment to observation and hearing.

My research concerns many state intelligence networks created in the first half of the 18th century by Russia [and in 1937 by Soviet Union].
Let the example be an ominous figure of Jakob Johann von Sievers who has been active in the Russian intelligence since 1748.

His genealogy from Joachim Johann von Sievers, b. ca 1674 - d. 1753, SENIOR:
1.
His younger son Karl Eduard von Sievers, b. 1710 in Nybygard, Finnland, d. 1774 in St. Petersburg, the father of:
Elisabeth Putjatin / Elizavieta Puciata [she was wife of Jakov Sivers / Jakob Johann von Sievers, 1731 - 1808];
Johann Carl Sievers of Ropkoy b. Lais (Livl.) 1749 d. 1805 acc. to: Peter Trefilov;
Benedikte b. 1750;
Peter;
and Karl Gustaf Joachim of Waiwara b. 1758 in Petersburg.
2.
Jakov Sivers / Jakob Johann von Sievers, 1731 - 1808,
the son of Joachim Johann von Sievers (b. 1699), JUNIOR;
the grandson of above Joachim Johann von Sievers b. ca 1674 d. 1753, SENIOR.

Jakov Sivers / Jakob Johann von Sievers, 1731 - 1808, the FREEMASON; Caunt in 1798, Extraordinary Ambassador to Poland. He was buried at the cementery in Wolmar in Livonia / Valmiera / Wolmar, is a town in northern Latvia, about 100 km north-east of Riga and 50 km from the border with Estonia. From 1749 to 1755 as a diplomat in London and Kopenhagen (links with the embassy of Prussia) in 1748

[in 1740 King Frederick II (Frederick the Great) came to the throne. In 1744 Frederick invaded Silesia again. He failed, but French pressure on Austria's ally Great Britain led to a series of treaties and compromises, culminating in the 1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle that restored peace and left Prussia in possession of most of Silesia].

The Sievers family descended from Holstein.
The relative of Jakov Sivers / Jakob Johann von Sievers was Joachim Karl, born in Finland [Karl Gustaf Joachim von SIEVERS of Waiwara b. 1758 in Petersburg], a servant of Ernest Biron [Ernst Johann von Biron, 1690 - 1772, was a Duke of Courland and Semigallia (1737) and briefly regent of the Russian Empire in 1740. In 1734, SYCOW in Silesia, on the Polish-Austrian border, was acquired by Ernst Johann] - the favorite of Empress Anna [Anna Ivanovna / Anne, was regent of the duchy of Courland from 1711 until 1730 and then ruled as Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740]. In 1743, Karl [Karl Eduard von Sievers, b. 1710 in Nybygard, Finnland, d. 1774 in St. Petersburg] took him to Saint Petersburg, then twelve-year-old boy.
Jakob Johann von Sievers, 1731 - 1808, the FREEMASON, became a writer at the College of Foreign Affairs [1743]. The next level was reading the encrypted messages. Finally, in 1748 he was sent to the Russian diplomatic mission in Copenhagen. About ten months later, he was sent to London, where his uncle Karl [Karl Eduard von Sievers, b. 1710 in Nybygard, Finnland, d. 1774 in St. Petersburg] had the friend - ambassador Piotr Czernyszew.
The stay in LONDON until 1755 was a real school for Sievers. He was a diplomat with the knowledge of foreign languages. During the Seven Years' War (1756-1763) he served Russian Army.
He took part in the siege of Kolobrzeg. In 1759-1760 he was the secretary of the Russian-Prussian commission appointed to exchange prisoners of war. He was promoted to general of the Guard. Catherine II appointed him governor of Novgorod in 1764, and in 1776 also Pskov and Tver, and thus the general-governor of these three provinces.
In 1767 he married his cousin Elzbieta Sievers Puciata, Lisinka, a childhood companion. As the administrator of the lands entrusted to him, he showed great energy. In May 1781 he wrote a request for resignation.
He moved back to Bauenhoff.
Platon Zubov send a letter of November 13, 1792 and he announced that the Empress's wish was to go to Poland as her extraordinary ambassador to the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Aleksander Chrapowicki - Katarzyna's personal secretary - noted that Sievers' departure to Poland was being prepared by Zubow and Morkow, and Bezborodko.

Jakov Sivers / Jakob Johann von Sievers, Count Jacob Sivers b. 1731, in Wesenberg / Rakvere, Estonia; died 1808, in Bauenhof, Governorate of Livonia, near WOLMAR = Valmiera; he was appointed general governor of Novgorod (1764-1776), Tver (1776 - 1781 as governor of Tver and Novgorod - Viceroy) and Pskov; son of Joachim Johann von Sievers, JUNIOR;
he was gifted with great possessions:
several villages near Minsk in Belarus
[Dec. 1792 in Grodno. He acted in Belarus in 1799-1803; the Minsk governorate was reorganized in 1795],
in Estonia (Heimar, Rasik and Kampen),
Livonia / LIVLAND (Bauenhof, Neuhall, Zarnau and Ostrominsky),
Ingria (Gadebusch, Lopatino, Selco / Seltso, and Muratovo),
the province of Polotsk (Kasian in 1781, and Dobra Rudnia),
in Finland (Sackala).

In Poland SIEVERS was in the company of
the King Stanislaw August Poniatowski,
King's sister,
Lady Zaluska,
Css Mniszech;
Bishop Michal Jerzy Poniatowski,
Lady Radziwill,
Count UNRUH / Aleksander Unrug, of the Great Poland
[director of the royal mint, previously in the army of Saxony and friend of Igelstrom, Stackelberg and Madalinski; Stanislaw August brought him to Warsaw as the leadership of the mint. He was jailed in Warsaw on 18 May 1794];
Kazimierz Poniatowski;
Lady Tyszkiewicz

[Maria Teresa Tyszkiewicz (1760 - 1834) - the sister of Duke Jozef Poniatowski;
Maria Teresa Antonina Jozefina Poniatowski married Tyszkiewicz, born in Austria, the Lady of the Maltese Order; the daughter of General Andrzej Poniatowski - the brother of the KING. She was taken under guardianship by her father's brother, King Stanislaw August Poniatowski.
She married Wincenty Tyszkiewicz (1757 - 1816) of LOHOJSK and SWISLOCZ.
He was the son of Antoni Kazimierz TYSZKIEWICZ, 1723-1778;
the grandson of Michal Jan TYSZKIEWICZ, 1692-1762];

and widowed Lady Grabowska the lover of the KING Poniatowski.

In 1794 Holowczyce [in 1793 in Russia] - the estate of Oskierka - was taken by Russians, then the estate belonged to General JAKOB Sievers;
and next of Stanislaw Horwatt in 1825 [then to his cousin Maurycy; and Maurycy's son - Stanislaw Horwatt].
Holowczyce is situated 14 km south-west to Narowla, close to Ukraine. Holowczyce in 1764 owned by Oskierko = Oskierka.

Ludwik Tyszkiewicz born 1748 in Vilnius, d. 1808, Field Lithuanian Commander in 1780 to 1791, Great Lithuanian Treasurer in 1791, Great Lithuanian Marshal from 1793. Stanislaw August Poniatowski had a niece Konstancja Poniatowska, the daughter of mentioned Prince Kazimierz Poniatowski, and Konstancja married in Warsaw on April 4, 1775 to Ludwik Tyszkiewicz. They took in 1793 Berezyna - Luboszany.
Their daughter Anna Tyszkiewicz married Count Aleksander Stanislaw Potocki.

During the Grodno Sejm, Ludwik Tyszkiewicz was chosen as a negotiator with the Russian ambassador Jacob Sievers, and so on 22 July 1793 he signed the treaty of the cession of lands to Russia, and then on 25 September to Prussia, as part of the Second Partition of Poland in 1793.

Jakov Sivers / Jakob Johann von Sievers, 1731 - 1808, married mentioned Elisabeth Putjatin / Elizavieta Puciata SIEVERS, b. 1746 in St. Petersburg, Russia, died in 1818. Daughter of Karl Eduard von Sievers, of Lagena and Waiwara; the granddaughter of Joachim Johan von Sievers / Johann, b. 1677, d. 1753 in Rujen-Grosshof;
the great-granddaughter of
Joachim Sievers died March 1700 in Tallinn.
ELZBIETA was also wife of Nikolai Abramovich Putjatin. Above Nikolai Abramovich Putjatin b. 1749 in Kiev.
He was the family of ARTEMIJ Vasilievich PUCIATA / Putjatin, the landowner in 1706 of RZEW.

Note to Gotha-ALTENBURG:

A.
Ernest II, b. 1818; Master Mason, in 1857; Joint Grand Master of the Order of the Ernestine House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha;
more - Kenning's Masonic Encyclopedia.

Ernest II was the elder child of Ernest III, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld / later Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and his wife, Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.

Compare on mentioned above ERNEST I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha:

Elizabeth II is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. Elizabeth II, the daughter of the Duke and later King George VI, Emperor of India, and Queen Elizabeth, Empress of India;
the granddaughter of King George V b. 1865;
and the great-granddaughter of Prince Albert Edward / Edward VII, b. 1841;
the great-great-granddaughter of
Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, b. 1819;

and above ALBERT was the son of
Ernest I b. 1784, as duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (as Ernest III) and, duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (as Ernest I);
and the grandson of Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (Coburg, on 15 July 1750).

Compare -
Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg b. in Gotha, on 30 January 1745; in 1783, he became a member of the Bavarian Illuminati under the name of Quintus Severus and / or Timoleon, and in 1784, he was made Supervisor of Abessinien for Upper Saxony.
In 1787, he granted Adam Weishaupt, the founder of the secret society, asylum in Gotha.

His son was Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg b. 1772;
and the granddaughter -
above Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, 1800 - 1831, married in 1817 to
Ernest I / Ernst Anton Karl Ludwig, b. 1784, the duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (as Ernest III) and, from 1826, the first sovereign duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (as Ernest I).
They had 2 sons:
mentioned Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha b. 1818;
and
Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha b. 1819, married Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom in 1840. In 1901, his eldest son succeeded as Edward VII, the first British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

B.
Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, 1800 - 1831, married in 1817 to Ernest I / Ernst Anton Karl Ludwig, b. 1784, duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (as Ernest III).
Pss Louise was the granddaughter of
Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg b. in Gotha, on 30 January 1745; in 1783, he became a member of the Bavarian Illuminati under the name of Quintus Severus and / or Timoleon, and in 1784, he was made Supervisor of Abessinien for Upper Saxony.
Ernest II Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha / Ernest II, b. 1818; Master Mason, 1857; Joint Grand Master of the Order of the Ernestine House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha;
Ernest II was the elder child of named above Ernest III, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld / later Ernest.

C.
Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg b. in Gotha, on 30 January 1745,
the son of Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and Luise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen.

Above Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (b. on 14 April 1699 in Gotha,
was the eldest son of Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and Magdalene Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst.
Above
Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (b. on 28 July 1676, in Gotha - d. on 23 March 1732, in Altenburg), was a duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.

He was the fifth child and first son of mentioned above
Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, born in 1646,
and Magdalena Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels
[Anna von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf, 1709 - 1758 married in 1742 to Wilhelm Carl Christian von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg, 1701 - 1771, the son of Duke Friedrich II, Duke of von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg; the grandson of Frederick I, duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, b. 1646].

Friedrich Wilhelm II b. 1744.

Frederick William II, in 1781, had joined the Rosicrucians.

Frederick William II married 1st in 1765 to Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel, Crown Princess of Prussia, b. 1746, the daughter of Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg, was dissolved in 1769. Charles b. 1713. Charles was the oldest brother to Ferdinand, the Duke of BRUNSWICK.
Friedrich Wilhelm II married second in 1769, Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt, the daughter of Ludwig IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. He had mistress, Wilhelmine Enke (created Countess Wilhelmine von Lichtenau in 1796).

Louise of Brunswick - Wolfenbuettel was the sister of Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Luneburg, born in 1721, the Grand Master of the Strict Templar Observance, and who had convened the great Masonic convention at Wilhelmsbad in Hessen-Kassel. Duchess Luise of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel / Luise Amalie, b. 1722, d. 1780, was daughter of Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel and his wife Duchess Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel.
Her older sister was Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel-Bevern, the wife of Frederick the Great.
She was also the sibling of the Queen of Denmark and Norway,
and the Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel, the TEMPLAR [Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Luneburg, born in 1721].

Louise of Brunswick-Wolfenbuettel was the sister of Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Luneburg, born in 1721, the Grand Master of the Strict Templar Observance, and who had convened the great Masonic convention at Wilhelmsbad in Hessen-Kassel.
MARTINISTS Society had a close connection to the Franco-Masons and the Illuminati, in the end of the 18th century, was a lot of branches in Russia and Germany. Many of its members were of royal and high-ranking foreign persons, such as FREDERICK, the Duke of Brunswick, Duke Kassalsky, Velkner, Prussian First Minister, etc.
Hindmarsh was the founder of Theosophical Society in England. Together with
De Thome;
Count Cagliostro;
with the member Chastanier - he was also the member of "illumine d'Avignon"
[with H. JONES in England;
Marquis de THOME in Avignon;
Thomas Duche - the son of Jacob Duche in 1785/1786].
Chastanier was a supporter of a Plan for a Universal Society [with JACOB DUCHE] of SWEDENBORG [Richard Brothers, too].
Benedict Chastanier and Count Tadeusz Grabianka, fell into the New Church only to fall rapidly out of it, others, Jacob Duche and General Rainsford, for example, kept their distance while maintaining their enthusiasm.
... Richard Brothers, who had taken up Swedenborgian doctrines at Avignon with the Abbe Pernety, and Count Tadeusz Grabianka. Both Brothers and Grabianka attended meetings in London at the home of the Revd. Jacob Duche.
In 1775 Chastanier and the Marquis de Thorn joined the Philalethes, a Masonic society founded by Savalette de Langes in Paris. Chastanier founded the Philalethes regime and the martinism was the foundation of this new rite. This lodge welcomed Cagliostro, Mesmer, and Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin.
Chastanier also presided over the Philosophical and Masonic Congress of Paris, in 1785 and 1787. Co-founder in 1783 to the revolution of the "The Olympic of the Perfect Estime". Deputy of the Grand Orient of France for many years, first supervisor of the Chamber of Grades in 1782, he participated in the codification of orders of the French Rite. The last philosophical convent of philaleths was in 1787.
Philaleths or philatelists which translates as: friend or seeker of truth; this regime of philosophical or mystical masonry was founded in 1773 by the Marquis Charles-Pierre-Paul Savalette of Langes in the Lodge "Les Amis Reunions".
This ritual lasted until the death of its founder in 1797; it had such a representatives:
Saint Martin,
the brothers Lavater,
Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick [Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Luneburg, born in 1721],
and Joseph de Maistre.

In 1776, Benedict Chastanier (b. 1739 - d. ca 1816), founded Universal Society in London to disseminate Swedenborg's writing.
In 1782 Chastanier and Charles Rainsford reached out to kindred Illuminist groups in Berlin and Paris by publishing a brochure in French about degrees of the Universal Society.
Chastanier was in contact with the Illumines of Avignon.

Above Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Luneburg (born in 1721, d. 1792, Vechelde),
was a Prussian field marshal (1758-1766).
"... 1757 to 1762 he led an Anglo-German army in Western Germany which successfully repelled French attempts to occupy Hanover."
He also was a freemason, initiated in 1740 into the Lodge of The Three Globes in Berlin, and received the degree of Master Mason in 1743 at Breslau.
He was in the closest touch with Frederick the Great, who supervised the instruction of the guard battalion. Ferdinand was one of the most intimate friends of the king.
In 1759, "... Ferdinand retreated in the face of a French advance, but managed to check them with a decisive victory at the Battle of Minden. This ended the immediate French threat to Hanover, as the French army was in no condition to continue its advance".
Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick, 1721 - 1792, is the same Duke of Brunswick who was mentioned in Robison's secret Illuminati membership list; the patron of the Asiatic Brethern, an Illuminati offshoot.
The Sabbatian Vienna Lodge of the Asiatic Brethren was founded by Jacob Frank's cousin, Moses Dobrushka, alias Von Schoenfeld
[see the visit of Carsten Niebuhr in 1767 in Skala Podolska to Kossakowska and her FRANKISTS. In 1761 Carsten Niebuhr was at MALTA to Manuel Pinto, the Illuminati acc. to CAGLIOSTRO who was here, of course].

The vocation to live a few pseudo-secret organizations, very fast, with extremely strange names and rituals, names dating back to the deep Middle Ages, causes the astonishment and even awakens laughter. In the course of 50 years each of these organizations tried to take control of the other [1740-1790]. The United Kingdom, Russia and France sent out for supreme positions in these organizations, his trusted men, too. Only the United Kingdom has been successful taking over control of the Scottish mysterious structures, but it was in the years 1790-1805. A previously plan of mysterious brain was successful. From England broke away its colonies [without Canada] in the years around 1776-1785. Blows from the inside hit in France and Poland [1780s] destroying the two countries; Poland disappeared from the map of the world for about 120 years, but France survived the chaos of the Jacobin revolution and Napoleonic wars.
It broke out a strange uprising in Russia, operettas and provoked, of the Decembrists, as if someone wanted to prove that Russia was not directed underground movements against Poland, Great Britain and France [and even earlier already against Bavaria; and later against the Papacy in Italy], and at the turn of the 19th and 20th century also against Turkey.

But it is Russia suffered the greatest benefits of the revolutionary turmoil in North America and France - but rather in the whole of central and Western Europe at the end of the 18th century. Discussed below mysterious organization is nothing more than the 18-century intelligence agencies of a foreign power.

Today it is difficult to say who, what country, either a government, or an institution, maybe a NGO managed this complicated structure in the 19th century. Those who have studied the roots of this complex structure, the most common commit certain substantive and methodological mistakes, runs the risk of retaliatory attacks and ridicule, and even fully social ostracism.

Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Luneburg, b. 1721, was the fourth son of Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg. Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Luneburg was a freemason, initiated in 1740 into the Lodge of The Three Globes in Berlin, and received the degree of Master Mason in 1743 at Breslau.

Ferdinand's of BRUNSWICK [Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Luneburg, born in 1721] sibilings:
1.
Charles b. 1713;
2.
Philippine Charlotte b. 1716;
3.
Antoine Ulric b. 1714;
4.
Louis Ernest b. 1718;
5.
above Ferdinand Duke of BRUNSWICK, b. 1721;
6.
Pss Elisabeth Christine / ELISABETH, b. 1715, of Brunswick-Wolffenbuttel + FREDERIC II, the King of Prussia, b. 1712
[Augustus William's brother was King Frederick II / Frederick the Great];
7.
Louise Amelie, b. 1722 / Duchess Luise of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel + AUGUSTE GUILLAUME / Prince Augustus William of Prussia, died in 1758, the second son of King Frederick William I of Prussia;
with the son
Frederick William II / Friedrich Wilhelm II, b. 1744,
and the grandson
Frederick William III, who became a member of the Order of the Garter.
Frederick William II, in 1781, had joined the Rosicrucians.
8.
Sophie Antoinette b. 1724 + ERNEST FREDERIC, Duke of SAXE-COBOURG;
9.
Therese Nathalie b. 1728;
10.
Julienne Marie b. 1729 + FREDERIC V, the KING of DANEMARK, d. 1766
[compare Carsten Niebuhr sailed from DENMARK to Malta in 1761; in 1767 back to Kamieniec Podolski to the Stadnickis and Bishop KRASINSKI of Krasne close to Przasnysz. Bishop ruled in Kamieniec Podolski].

Frederick William / Friedrich Wilhelm II b. 1744; was born in Berlin, the son of Prince Augustus William of Prussia and Duchess Luise of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel. His mother's elder sister, Elisabeth, was the wife of Augustus William's brother King Frederick II (Frederick the Great).
See: the Illuminati and the second Partition of Poland in 1793.
Frederick William II of Prussia was the son of Prince Augustus William of Prussia / August Wilhelm, b. 1722, was Prince of Prussia, and a younger brother of Frederick II. Prince Augustus William of Prussia was the second son of King Frederick William I of Prussia.
Prince Augustus William of Prussia married Duchess Luise of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel. Her elder sister, Elisabeth, was the wife of Augustus William's brother King Frederick II (Frederick the Great).
Frederick Wilhelm II of Prussia was the father of Frederick William III, who became a member of the Order of the Garter.

Cagliostro appeared in the group of "Lovers of Truth" under the pseudonyms "Mosmy", "St. Germain "or just "Grabianka"! The legends also include the version about the visit of Cagliostro in Podolia, to Tadeusz Grabianka, which was to take there in 1775.
Michal Aleksander Ronikier - in 1773 the owner of Kryniczany in the Kamieniec Podolski county, at Podole. Until 1785/1787 he lived mainly in Zalozce / Zalizci, in Podolia [47 km north-west to Tarnopol], and he took in 1783/1785 the Count title in Austria.
And if we are already talking about the family of RONIKIER, counts who had contacted with the ILLUMINATI and Cagliostro, then this is the opportunity to look at their genealogy -
this is a great example of how the ILLUMINATI by means of marriages, have penetrated into the environment that they needed. In this case, the Illuminati came close to the imperial court, being associated with the Bobrinsky / Bobrzynski family, derived from Catherine II also known as Catherine the Great, born
Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, the Empress of Russia.
Nevertheless Michal Aleksander Ronikier, 1728-1802, the Illuminati, was living in Nowosiolki, the Oszmiana county, and in Podolia. Michal Aleksander Ronikier, 1728-1802 in Nowosiolki, the Oszmiana county;
parents:
Piotr RONIKIER and Dorota von Cosel, b. ca 1700. In 1771, Zatonie acquired the countess von Cosel, the widow of Frederic August COSEL, the son of Augustus II and Countess Cosel. After the death of the Countess in 1784, Zatonie inherited her son, Gustav Ernest, whose scandalous lifestyle led to the sale of the estate in 1789 to Johnston von Krogeborn.
In 1809, the property was bought by Peter von BIRON / Piotr Biron, it was designated as a dowry for the youngest daughter -
Dorothy von Biron, Talleyrand / Dorota Biron, wife of Maurycy Talleyrand-Perigord, later Princess de Dino.
Princess Dorothy returned from France to Zatonie in 1840 and lived here until 1844.

In Warsaw, Tadeusz Grabianka had joined the reformed order of "Templars" or "Strict Observance" Masons, founded around 1760 by Baron Charley Hund (d. 1776) and, through that connection, he met Pernety in Berlin in 1778
(acc. to Scholem, 1961, 287-296; Garrett in 1975, p. 102).

The Illumines practiced the "true science of numbers" and posec questions to a divine intelligence whom they called "Sainte-Parole" ...
The Illumines had frequent contact with Strasbourg [to the Rohan].
Each member had an occult number. Pernety's being no. 135. When consulted by Brumore concerning Grabianka, known as "Dear King 1.3.9," Sainte-Parole intoned: "Oh my son, his heart is pure. Do not fear to mix your incense with his, because one day he will become seven times greater than you!"
(acc. to Bricaud 1927, 46; see also 43; Harrison in 1979, p. 71).

And now we show to you connections of the Illuminati, Berlin and St Petersburg.
Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg b. in Gotha, in 1745, was the son of Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and Luise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen.
Above Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (b. 1699 in Gotha), was the eldest son of Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
and
Magdalene Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst.

Magdalene Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst, Princess, b. 1679, d. 1740, was, by birth, a Princess of Anhalt-Zerbst and, by marriage, a Duchess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.
She was the maternal grandmother of George III of the United Kingdom.
She was born Princess Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst. Her father was Karl of Anhalt-Zerbst b. 1652, and her mother was Duchess Sophia of Saxe-Weissenfels.
Named KARL b. 1652, had three children:
1.
John Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst b. 1677;
2.
Karl Frederick b. 1678;
3.
Magdalene Auguste, b. 1679, d. 1740, married to Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.

And Catherine II also known as Catherine the Great, was born Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, the Empress of Russia.

Above Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, b. 1676, in Gotha, d. 1732, in Altenburg, was the first son of mentioned above Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, born in 1646, and Magdalena Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels.

Catherine II the Russia, born as Catherine d'Anhalt-Zerbst / Sophie Augusta Fredericka de Russie, Empress in 1762-1796, born in 1729 in Szczecin; was the daughter of
Christian August von Anhalt-Zerbst, prince de Anhalt-Zerbst (1742-1747), b. 1690;
and the granddaughter of
Johann Ludwig I von Anhalt-Zerbst.

Johann Ludwig von Anhalt-Zerbst b. 1656, and Karl of Anhalt-Zerbst b. 1652, were brothers.
KARL's parents:
Johann VI von Anhalt-Zerbst, prince de Anhalt-Zerbst, born 1621, m. in 1649 to Sophie Augusta von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf.
Above JOHANN VI had children:
1.
Karl Wilhelm von Anhalt-Zerbst, prince de Anhalt-Zerbst 1652-1718, had the daughter Magdalena Augusta von Anhalt-Zerbst, 1679-1740, married in 1696, to Friedrich II von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg.
2.
Johann Ludwig I von Anhalt-Zerbst, 1656-1704, m. Christine Eleonore von Zeutsch;
with his granddaughter -
Catherine II de Russie, 1729-1796;
3.
Sophie Auguste von Anhalt-Zerbst, 1663-1694, married to Johann Ernst III von Sachsen-Weimar.

Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg b. in Gotha, 1745; in 1783, he became a member of the Bavarian Illuminati under the name of Quintus Severus and / or Timoleon, and in 1784, he was made Supervisor of Abessinien for Upper Saxony.
In 1787, he granted Adam Weishaupt, the founder of the secret society, asylum in Gotha.

His son was Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg b. 1772;
and the granddaughter -
Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, 1800 - 1831, married in 1817 to
Ernest I / Ernst Anton Karl Ludwig, b. 1784, the duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (as Ernest III) and, from 1826, the first sovereign duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (as Ernest I).
They had 2 sons:
1. Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha b. 1818;
and
2.
Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha b. 1819, married Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom in 1840.
In 1901, his eldest son succeeded as Edward VII, the first British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, b. 1819, was the son of Ernest I b. 1784, as duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (as Ernest III) and, duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (as Ernest I);
and the grandson of Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (b. in Coburg, in 1750).

Ferdinand's of BRUNSWICK [the Illuminati - Templars; Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Luneburg, born in 1721] sister:
Sophie Antoinette b. 1724 + ERNEST FREDERIC, Duke of Saxe-Coburg / SAXE-COBOURG;
ERNEST FREDERIC, Duke of SAXE-COBOURG / Saxe-Coburg b. 1724,
was the son of
Pss Anna Sofie of SCHWARZBURG-RUDOLSTADT,
and the grandson of
Pss Anna Sofie of SACHSEN-GOTHA (and Altenburg)
and the great-grandson of
Duke Friedrich I SACHSEN-GOTHA (1646 - 1691);
and the great-great-grandson of
Duke Ernst I, the Pious, of SACHSEN-GOTHA + Elisabeth Sofie of SACHSEN-ALTENBURG.

Above ERNEST FREDERIC, Duke of SAXE-COBOURG b. 1724 was the son of
Duke Franz Josias of SACHSEN-COBURG (1697 - 1764);
the grandson of
Duke Johann Ernst of SACHSEN-SAALFELD;
the great-grandson of
Duke Ernst I, the Pious, of SACHSEN-GOTHA + Pss Elisabeth Sofie of SACHSEN-ALTENBURG, b. ca 1613.

Mentioned
Sophie Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel (1724 - 1802, Coburg) was the daughter of
Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg.
She was the sister of Ferdinand of BRUNSWICK [Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Luneburg, born in 1721] with connections to the Templars and ILLUMINATI.
She married Ernest Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld in 1749 at Wolfenbuttel.
Her son
Franz Frederick Anton, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, b. 1750, d. 1806, was the father of Leopold I of Belgium and grandfather of Leopold II.
This is branch of
Empress Carlota of Mexico,
Queen Victoria of Great Britain, and her husband Prince Albert;
Ferdinand II of Portugal.

Louis XVI was stripped of his legislative power by the National Assembly and he was guillotined on 21st January 1793. The National Convention had convicted the king (17 January 1793) in a near-unanimous vote and condemned him to death by a simple majority.
And the Revolutionary Tribunal executed him by guillotine on the Place.
Marie Antoinette was executed nine months later, on 16th October 1793. Marie Antoinette was the last Queen of France before the French Revolution.

Two days later, on 23rd January 1793, the second partition of Poland was approved by the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia in the aftermath of the Polish-Russian War of 1792 and the Targowica Confederation of 1792.
Frederick William II of Prussia saw those events as an opportunity to strengthen his country.
On 23 January 1793, Prussia signed a treaty with Russia, agreeing that Polish reforms would be revoked and both countries would receive broad swaths of Commonwealth territory.

The outbreak of new borderline wars between revolutionary France and the European coalition on 1st February 1793, was the result of the execution of a king Louis XVI after a trial on 21st January 1793.
This united all European governments, including Spain, Naples, and the Netherlands against the Revolution. France declared war against Britain and the Netherlands on 1 February 1793 and soon afterwards against Spain. The Holy Roman Empire (on 23 March), the kings of Portugal and Naples, and the Tuscany declared war against France. Thus the First Coalition was formed.

The Chrapowicki family - SWOLNA and MIEZONKA - Kennedy and BOUVIER

- I explain mistakes, which appeared in other sources; my brief explanation in Nov. 2017 -

Siemon Y. Khrapovitsky / Семён Яковлевич Храповицки / Chrapowicki (1752 - 1819), was a nobility marshal of the Yukhnovsky district
[Lieutenant Nikolai Sergeyevich Khrapovitsky / Khrapovitsky Nikolai Sergeevich / Храповицкий Николай Сергеевич died 1905.05.15 close to Cushima / Tsushima or in Port Arthur, China. He was the son of Sergei Yasonovich Khrapovitsky b. 1829, the husband of Alexandra Pavlovna Khrapovitsky, staff captain retired in 1879.
SERGEI Chrapowicki was the son of Jason S. Khrapovitsky / Ясон, and the grandson of named above Siemon Y. Khrapovitsky / Chrapowicki and Maria Lvovna Chernysheva.
Mentioned above NIKOLAJ Chrapowicki / Nikolay Chrapovytsky had a daughter Maya de Chrapovitsky's.
Count NIKOLAJ / Nicolas Chrapovitsky, Lieut. Col., born Sankt-Peterburg, Russia. NIKOLAJ / NIKOLAS Chrapowicki married to Margharita Taylor b. 07.02.1872, d. Los Angeles, 1942,
with daughters:
1. Olga Chrapovitsky b. 1898 m. Edward R. Condon; and above
2. Maya Chrapovitsky b. 1899 m. 1st Hugh Dudley Auchincloss Jr, 2nd Eldbridge Rand.

See John Fitzgerald KENNEDY, President of US, and the BOUVIER family - compare George de Mohrenschildt.

Named Olga de Chrapovitsky b. 1898, Saint Petersburg, d. 1991, Laguna Beach, CA].

Siemion Chrapowicki was the son of JAKOB Chrapowicki [see below].

Named JAKOB Chrapowicki was the son of DOMINIK CHRAPOWICKI / Dementij Chrapowicki who was a taskmaster. Named Dominik Chrapowicki born before 1700 [ca 1695], d. 1729, was the husband of Rozalia Rypińska.

Dominik Chrapowicki
[his branch come from KRYSTYNA Łowejko and JAN Chrapowicki, senior] was the father of
1.
Eustachy Chrapowicki senior

[Eustachy Jozef Chrapowicki, 1730-1791, senior, the judge in Polotsk, in
1765 the Swolna estate owner,
inf. in Starodub in 1765, 1775, married twice: in 1779, 2nd to Teresa Szczyt / Teresa Niemirowicz-Szczytt 1730-1778,

with a son
Jozef Chrapowicki {junior}, 1750-1812, who married 2nd Pss Magdalena Oginska, b. ca 1750 / 1760 {her brother was Ignacy Oginski b. 1755, d. 1787, m. Jozefa}. Jozef Chrapowicki junior, divorced with 1st wife Franciszka Hryniewiecka (she m. Woyniłłowicz).
Arkadiusz Chrapowicki, 1821 - ca 1900 {of MIEZONKA}, the son of Michal Chrapowicki b. ca 1790, d. ca 1850, and Jozefa KORSAK. The grandson of Jozef Chrapowicki b. ca 1750, d. 1812, and Magdalena Oginska [the 1st wife was Anna Radziwill, Narbut].

JOZEF junior Chrapowicki + MAGDALENA's sons:

A.
Antoni Chrapowicki, b. ca 1780 {Anthony, 1775-1851}, married Ewelina SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI, b. ca 1790 / ? 1800 {Ewelina Kamilla Ewa Swiatopelk-Mirska}.
Antoni Chrapowicki married twice, 1st to unknown Wolska b. 1790; 2nd to Ewelina.
Ewelina SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI was a daughter of Stanislaw Wojciech SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI (1756-1805), the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Writer, and Stanislawa Koszczyc.
Named Antoni Chrapowicki was the son of Jozef Chrapowicki junior, 1750-1812, and Pss Magdalena Oginska b. ca 1750 / 1760; grandson of Eustachy Jozef Chrapowicki 1730-1791 and Teresa Niemirowicz-Szczytt 1730-1778.

ANTONI Chrapowicki was the great-grandson of Dominik Chrapowicki of Somilisko, 1700-1729.

B.
Michal Chrapowicki
{Michal Mikolaj Chrapowicki b. 1780 / Michał Chrapowicki, Marschall of Dzisna county, and Minsk Province, owner of Jasnogorki and Korolla in Zmudz, and Prozorok in the county of Dzisna, m. 1st Joanna Okuszkowna / Joanna Okuszko, with a son
Kazimierz Chrapowicki and a daughter. Named
Kazimierz Chrapowicki, 1817-1881 married to Adela Ciechanowiecka, 1823-1887.

KAZIMIERZ's brother was Arkadiusz Chrapowicki / Arkady, m. to Stefania Radziwill.
Michał Chrapowicki with his second wife, Jozefa Korsak, had the son Arkadyusz married Stefania Julia Radziwiłł 1825-1896. STEFANIA RADZIWILL was the owner of MIEZONKA - see Dominik Konstantynowicz, his son Antoni Konstantynowicz, grandson Stanislaw Konstantynowicz + Anna Malkiewicz}.

C.
Eustachy Chrapowicki, jr., b. 1790
{Eustachy Chrapowicki junior, b. 1790, m. in 1810 to Amelia Gorska 1793-1866, daughter of Stanisław August Gorski b. 1745 and Anna Niemirowicz-Szczytt 1767-1796}.

EUSTACHY Chrapowicki senior married 1st to Balbina PAKOSZ / Pakoszowna
{sometimes we have the wrong information that EUSTACHY CHRAPOWICKI was the father of Piotr Celestyn Chrapowicki. Piotr Celestyn Chrapowicki, born ca 1780, the Russian top officer}.

The above EUSTACHY's senior CHRAPOWICKI, and Eustachy's junior line:

MARIA CHRAPOWICKA the wife to Karol Epstein b. ca 1890, that is Maria Chrapowicka born to Marian Antoni Andrzej Chrapowicki 1864 -1930 and Maria Jaksa-Dębicka 1863-1909. Marian Antoni Andrzej Chrapowicki was the son of Ignacy Antoni Chrapowicki b. 1817 in Witebsk, Vitebsk; d. 1893; grandson of Eustachy Chrapowicki / Chrapovickis junior b. circa 1790. Eustachy Chrapowicki junior was the son of named above Jozef Chrapowicki 1750 - 1812 and Magdalena Ogińska b. 1760, daughter of Jozef Ogiński and Apolonija WYHOWSKA - Oginskiene];

2.
Jerzy Chrapowicki / Юрий (Георгий) Дементьевич Храповицкий;

3.
Иван Дементьевич Храповицкий / Jan Chrapowicki

[JAN CHRAPOWICKI was the father of named above Piotr Celestyn Chrapowicki. Piotr Celestyn Chrapowicki, born ca 1780, the Russian top officer, was grandson of Dominik Chrapowicki of Somilisko];
Jan Chrapowicki, b. ca 1730, official in POLOCK.

Piotr Celestine Chrapowicki bought Sielut in 1805, served the Russian Army, m. ca 1800 to Helena Gorecka b. ca 1790, with his son
Michał / MICHAL CHRAPOWICKI, Marshal of the province of Vitebsk {the Witebsk governorate Marshal}, who married to Countess Lidia Apraksin born 1820. Michal Chrapowicki, b. 1810, had 2 sons: Aleksander Chrapowicki m. unknown Teplow, and Dymitr Chrapowicki born ca 1840.

4.
JAKOB CHRAPOWICKI / Jakov - Colonel of Smolensk (1741), and a judge of Smolensk (1780) [see KENNEDY and BOUVIER in US];

5.
Jozef Chrapowicki b. ca 1729 [senior], the son of Dominik Chrapowicki. Jozef senior had brother Eustachy Chrapowicki.
JOZEF Chrapowicki was Major General; the member of Smolensk, and the Polotsk Province to the election of King Stanisław August. In 1765, a judge of the Smolensk land. Jozef Chrapowicki was the official in MSCISLAW in 1784; inf. of 1786, 1785, 1787, 1774 - owner of Dworzno. He married in 1791 to Helena Suffczynska, childless.

Note to EWELINA HURKO:

Justynian Niemirowicz-Szczytt / Szczyt / Szczyth, died in 1677, the official in POLOCK in 1666-1670; and in 1673-1677; MP, acted in Prozoroki. The son of Krzysztof Szczyt Niemirowicz and Zofia Lisowska / Lissowski, 2 voto married Jozef Skinder. Justynian was the grandson of Mikolaj Niemirowicz-Szczytt, the Polock top official, and the great-grandson of Mikolaj Niemirowicz Szczyt older, the Court Marshal.

Justynian Niemirowicz had 3 brothers:
Jan Szczyt; Mikolaj Szczyt younger, Aleksander Szczyt; and 2 sisters:
Anna; Halszka.

Justynian Szczyt married in 1648 to Anna Tukowicz, d. 1694, the daughter of Bazyli Tukowicz and Zofia Siehen.
Justynian had 6 sons:
Konstanty Marcjan Szczyt, the father of JAN Szczyt Niemirowicz - the governor in Inflanty; the grandfather of Justynian Niemirowicz SZCZYT junior;
Bronislaw Szczyt;
Krzysztof Benedykt Szczyt - the father of the governor of MSCISLAW, Jozef Szczyt; and the grandfather of the Brzesc Litewski official - Jozef Szczyt Niemirowicz and Jozef's brother - Krzysztof Szczyt Niemirowicz;
Samuel Karol Szczyt - the grandfather of Marcin Niemirowicz Szczyt;
Olbracht Szczyt, the Wenden official and in Smolensk.
Kazimierz Szczyt, the monk.

Justynian died in 1677, and he was buried in Prozoroki.

Above
Justynian Niemirowicz-Szczytt junior, b. 1740, died in 1824, MP; the son of the Inflanty governor, Jan Justynian Niemirowicz-Szczytt (1705-1767) and his second wife Barbara Chominski d. 1775, widow after death of Kazimierz Kociell. Barbara was the daughter of Ludwik Jakub Chominski and Anna Koziell-Poklewski of Oszmiany.
Anna Chominski, Koziell Poklewski, was the stepdaughter of Duke Leon Kazimierz Oginski.

Justynian Szczyt had 3 stepsibilings:
of his father and 1st wife, Helena Rypinski - Jozef Szczyt; and Dorota Szczyt m. Jan Szadurski

[Jan Szadurski d. 1771 in Pusza; the Inflanty official in 1766-1771, and in 1752-1766, 1758-1762, 1744-1748, 1759-1762, MP. Dorota and Jan Szadurski had a daughter Barbara Szadurska m. the son of Mikolaj Tadeusz Lopacinski, ie Tomasz Lopacinski; and
second daughter, Konstancja Szadurska married the Wilkomierz official, Jozef Marykoni / Jozef MORYKONI, General Major of 1794, ie. Jozef or Tomasz Morykoni b. 1751, the Wilkomierz official, in 1772 the Lithuanian Army Major, acted in 1789 and in 1794, together with Michala Oginski in Inflanty; then in Warszawa and Praga in 1794.

Note on the MORYKONI family -

KAZIMIERZ Tyzenhauz / Kazimieras Tyzenhauzas b. ca 1740 - son of Benedykt Tyzenhauz SENIOR - was the husband of Barbara Gielgud, and father of ZOFIA Tyzenhauziene.
Kazimierz Tyzenhauz was the brother of
Barbara Wawrzecka; Benedykta Niezabitowska;
Aleksandra Anna Morykoni;
Teresa Tyzenhauz, and
Magdalena Maria Ewa Walewska.

Kolyszko (Kolysko) Adam (1796-1870), insurgent in 1831, a member of the parliament; acted in the area of Wilkomierz;
his mother came from a noble Lithuanian family Morykoni, who came from Italy, farming in the property of Palisze in area of Wilkomierz.

Michal Lisiecki (1803-1882) was born in Porakiszki. He finished high school in Kiejdany. In 1818, he studied at the University of Wilno; he graduated with the degree of law candidate. He was an officer in the Russian army, he was dismissed and lived in Vilnius, where he participated in a secret youth organization. In 1831, he was ordered to organize an uprising in the region of Rakiszki and on the border with Courland.
The branch was organized in Solachy [?], in the court and with the help of Count Benedykt Marykoni

{Benedykt Beniamin Morykoni / Morykoni Pucini / Moriconi, the owner of Towiany, north to Wilkomierz, 1790-1812. Benedykt Morykoni, 1752-1812, married Maria Wiktoria Maja Radziwill (b. 1756), the daughter of Duke Michal Radziwill "Rybenko" (1702-1762). Benedykt Morykoni - a great Lithuanian writer in 1777, chamberlain of King Stanislaw August Poniatowski in 1771; MP. A member of the Andrzej Mokronowski confederation and a member of parliament in 1776 from the Wilkomierz county; member of Parliament in 1780. A member of the conspiracy in Lithuania, preparing the outbreak of Kosciuszko Uprising. Member of the Lithuanian Government. In 1794 he was a member of the Secret Deputation. Head of the Food Department of the Central Deputation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania of the Kosciuszko Uprising in 1794}.

ALEKSANDER BILEWICZ of the Rosienie county married Anna Romer with 4 sons:
1. Tadeusz Billewicz, senior, b. ca 1728, died in 1788; in 1783 - the Mscislau province
{TADEUSZ had daughter Helena Wazgird (Morykoni) and also he had son ADAM BILLEWICZ / Adomas Bilevicius, b. ca 1750, who was father of Kazimierz Tomasz; and Kaspar Bilewicz, and so on.
Above KASPAR - Kasparas Bilevicius, b. ca 1782, d. 1840, had son
Antoni Billewicz or Tadeusz BILEWICZ, b. ca 1815, + Helena Michalowska b. 1820, with:
Pranas Bilevicius;
Maria Pilsudska / Maria Billewicz (1842 - 1884; born 1842 in Adomava) + Jozef Wincenty Pilsudski

(1833 - 1902. Note:
Antoni Bulhak b. 1898, married to Wanda Bulhak nee Juchniewicz from Cezary Juchniewicz and Maria Juchniewicz nee Pilsudska, b. 1873, d. 1921 -
her parents:
named above Maria Pilsudska nee Billewicz + Jozef Wincenty Piotr Pilsudski, b. 1833.

MARIA JUCHNIEWICZ had the brother - Jozef Klemens Pilsudski b. 1867);

Wiktor Billewicz and
Zofia Zubow b. ca 1860.

Above ZOFIA:
Zofia Zubow nee Billewicz, was born circa 1860, married Wlodzimierz Zubow before 1887, with son Wlodzimierz Zubow b. 1887 Szawle [Siauliai / Siaule north of Raseiniai] - d. 1959 in Kowno},

2. Jerzy BILEWICZ, studied in Krolewiec, known German, then in Nieswiez {Jerzy Bilewicz was the Judge of ROSIENIE in 1765};
3. Teodor Billewicz + Kozuchowska of Kalisz;
4. Mateusz Bilewicz also lived in Smorgonie and NIESWIEZ; Mateusz + Lopacinska had sons.

We back to
Jan Szadurski - the landowner of the father properties:
Inflanty - Pusza, with Dorotpol; Duksztygaly; Wolkimberg / Zielonpole; Zwirdzin / Zwierdzin / Zwirzydyn; Cecyny; Dunakla / Dunakle; Malnow / Malnowo / MALNAVA - see the Malkiewicz family; Poszmuciowo / Puszmuciowo / Poszmujciowo; Siedlikowszczyzna; Hofftenberg / Jozefow; Jasmujze.
In the POLOCK province: Zlotowo Kozadawlowo / Synkowo.

Jan's children:
Konstancja and Barbara - more above;
Jozef; Ludwika; Salomea;
Ignacy SZADURSKI;
Franciszek Ksawery SZADURSKI],

and Justynian Szczyt had a sibiling of the 1st marriage of his mother -
a brother, Tadeusz Kociell, m. Anna Tyszkiewicz, the daughter of Jozef Benedykt Tyszkiewicz and Teresa Niemirowicz-Szczytt, the daughter of the Smolensk governor, Krzysztof Benedykt Niemirowicz-Szczytt.

Justynian Szczyt in POLOCK was the envoy to Petersburg, with the help of Ivan ORLOV and Grigorij Orlov, for the maintenance of the Polish language in the judiciary of the POLOCK ex-province.
Justynian Niemirowicz-Szczytt was twice married; 1st to Kazimiera Barbara Lopacinski (1746-1773), the daughter of Mikolaj Tadeusz Lopacinski and Barbara Kopec, the daughter of Michal Antoni Kopec.

And named Justynian had a son - Feliks Szczyt, the noble Marshal in DRYSSA, who was the father of Jan Szczytt, exiled in Siberia. Also Justynian had 4 daughters:
Barbara m. Jozef Rudomin-Dusiatski the son of Mikolaj Rudomin Dusiatski, with children:
Elzbieta Rudomin m. Pakosz, the writer;
Anna + Stanislaw Gorski, with Kornela Gorska m. Count Karol Przezdziecki;
Jozefa m. Kajetan Swirski;
Tekla.

Justynian Szczyt married 2nd to Kazimiera Woyno-Jasienski d. 1783, the daughter of the Polock official, Jozef Woyno and Ludwika Sulistrowski.
With 4 children:
Jozef Szczyt, the Russian Court official, m. Franciszka Doktorowicz-Hrebnicki, the mother of
Ewelina Szczyt m. Stanislaw Chominski;
Tadeusz Niemirowicz-Szczyt, the POLOCK Marshal, married to the daughter of Jozef Hurko-Romejko, ie. Ewelina HURKO !
Jan Szczyt, d. 1851, the DRYSSA Marshal, m. Anna Bobrowski;
and Dorota m. Mikolaj Siostrzanek-Karnicki / Siestrzanek KARNICKI
with children:
Aniela m. Aleksander Wielhorski, Count, the son of Michal WIELHORSKI;
Adela m. Konstanty Radziwill, Duke, ie.
Konstanty Mikolaj Stanislaw Juliusz Franciszek Radziwill b. 1793 in Rome, d. 1869 in Poloneczka,
in 1800 Count in Szydlowiec, known as Maciej Konstanty RADZIWILL.
The son of Maciej Radziwill and Elzbieta Chodkiewicz, the daughter of Jan Mikolaj CHODKIEWICZ.
In 1840, Konstanty Radziwill married 3rd time to Adela Siestrzanek-Karnicka, the daughter of the LUCYN marshal, Mikolaj KARNICKI, and Dorota Niemirowicz-Szczytt, the daughter of Justynian Niemirowicz-Szczytt.
Adela Siestrzanek-Karnicka and Konstanty had 8 children:
Mikolaj Antoni Radziwill;
Maciej Jozef

{Maciej Jozef Konstanty Radziwill, b. 1842 in Poloneczka, d. 1907 in Konstanca,
the owner of Zegrze,
- see the von Gersdorff family in Pomiechowek !

Maciej Jozef Konstanty Radziwill, come from the branch of Dominik Mikolaj Radziwill, 1643-1697; Dominik was the owner of Kleck; the son of Aleksander Ludwik Radziwill.
Dominik Radziwill was the father of Jan Mikolaj Radziwill; and of Mikolaj Faustyn Radziwill.

Mikolaj Faustyn married in 1710 in Rohotna to Barbara Franciszka Zawisza - Kiezgajllo (1690 - 1746), with 15 children:
Albrecht Radziwill;
Udalryk Krzysztof; Jerzy;
Stanislaw Radziwill.
Stanislaw Radziwill b. 1722, d. 1787, the son of Mikolaj Faustyn. The father of Anna Olimpia Mostowski.
Stanislaw had the daughter Franciszka Teofila Radziwill.

Named Franciszka Teofila Soltan nee Radziwill, b. ca 1751, the mother of Adam Leon Ludwik Soltan;
Karolina Piottuch-Kublicka;
Helena Soltan
and Anna Soltan.

Named KAROLINA:
the mother of Emilija Augusta Justina Kublicka;
Adolf Kublicki;
Valentina Kublicka / Walentyna Piottuch-Kublicka;
Anna Benislawska and
OKTAWIA Piottuch Kublicka, the daughter of JOZEF Kublicki and Karolina Piottuch-Kublicka. Oktawia was the wife of JOZEF SZUMSKI [with the son Wilhelm Szumski] and DOMINIK Konstantynowicz [sometimes as Vincentas Konstantinovicius] of MIEZONKA.

Note:

The Minsk Governorate Middle School {not in Volhynia!}, in June 1829, award to Wincenty Konstantynowicz together with: Julian Jacyna, Tadeusz Dybowski, Ignacy Kreyczman, Leon Mirecki, Alexander Bielecki, Antoni Godziewski. Acc. to Kuryer Litewski in August 1829; ie. 11 years old Wincenty Konstantynowicz was born in 1818}.

About above EWELINA HURKO:

Jozef HURKO JUNIOR, had 2 sons:
Leopold Hurko (1783-1860) the Russian Major General;
Wlodzimierz Hurko (1795-1852) the Russian General;
and the daughter
Ewelina HURKO (d. 1821 in ROMA) - the wife of Tadeusz Niemirowicz-Szczytt, the POLOCK official (1778-1840), the son of Justynian Niemirowicz.

Wlodzimierz Hurko [1795-1852], had a son {the grandson of Jozef HURKO [died in 1811]} the Russian Field Marshal and the Warsaw governor, Jozef Wladimirowicz Hurko / Romeiko-Gourko (1828-1901).

Above
Justynian Niemirowicz - Justynian Niemirowicz-Szczytt / Szczytt-Niemirowicz / Szczytt, b. 1740, d. 1824, MP.

NOTE:
Rafal Oskierko + Stanislawa Teresa Oginski, 1724-1744, that is Rafal Alojzy Oskierka m. in 1741.

In Dec. 1819 - Jan. 1820 was meeting of General Jan Nepomucen Uminski with Colonel Dobrogoyski, envoy of Kalisz. Dobrogoyski informed on the secret network in Cracow, and Uminski was claiming that is always ready to establish a branch in the Great Poland; he had confidential relations with
Lieutenant Colonel Ludwik Sczaniecki;
the secret organisation was formed - probably at the beginning of 1820 in Poznan - the National Freemasonry:
Sczaniecki,
Count Wiktor Szoldrski,
Gajewski,
Czapski,
Pawlikowski, Morawski, Jarochowski,
Karol Stablewski,
Klaudiusz Sczaniecki,
brothers Bojanowski, Zaborowski, Radomski, Stanislaw Chlapowski,
Skorzewski,
three brothers Mielzynski,
two Potworowski,
Tytus Dzialynski,
Jozef Krzyzanowski,
Garstkiewicz, Monkowski, Bukowiecki, Alojzy Zaborowski,
Kalinowski,
General Pradzynski also in Warsaw.

The Dobrzyca parish and the surrounding areas, from Kotlin and Pleszew to Rozdrazew and Krotoszyn, are the center of the Illuminati and conspirators after 1767. The noble families - Stadnicki, Wezyk, Jordan, Rozdrazewski, Kiedrzynski, Mycielski, Sokolowski, Ciesielski, Bardzki - which I presented below, had direct connections with Kamieniec Podolski and Jedlno.
It was in Kamieniec Podolski in 1767 that Carsten Niebuhr was returning through India and Turkey to Warsaw and Denmark. In 1761, he started the expedition, and guided the ships to Malta. Here Illuminati and Pinto greeted and welcomed him.
Everything, however, had a beginning in Russia - and its main goals were the weakening of England - 1776, France - 1789, Spain, and the liquidation of Poland - 1772/1795. After 1799, the Order of Malta evacuated to St. Petersburg, its main ally.

Rozdrazew - 15 km south-west to Dobrzyca and 27 km west to Sobotka [see below].

In Sobotka:
22 km west to KALISZ; 8 km north-east to BIEGANIN of the Kiedrzynskis; 10 km north-east to Skrzebowa.

JAKUB Kiedrzynski had 2 daughters:
A. Juliana Konstancja Kiedrzynska ARNOLD / Juljanna Kiedrzynski [2nd], b. 1770/1772 - 1811. In Sobotka {Sobotka - 22 km west to KALISZ; 8 km north-east to BIEGANIN of the Kiedrzynskis but NOT on south-west to KROSNIEWICE !}, in 1798, married to Jan Arnold 1751 - 1840, the owner of Pecherzow / PECHERZEW - 8 km north-east to Turek and 19 km north to DOBRA.
Julianna Kiedrzynska was 1st married Ruszkowska, widowed, the owner of Wierzchoslaw - 27 km west to Aleksandrow Kujawski.
Witness Maciej Bogdanski, the official in KALISZ.
He was 3rd married in 1813 in LISKOW, 17 km west to WILCZKOW [the locality with the Kiedrzynskis], south to MADALIN, 8 km south-west to BEDZIECHOW of Kiedrzynski.
In 1831 Jan Arnold and Jan Lindeman, citizens of the capital, and footwear manufacturers have distinguished themselves. They gave footwear for the Polish army.
B. Petronela Kiedrzynska - more on 'ZWIAZEK LECHITOW' - married to Melchior Jan Pradzynski.

Juliana's son Mateusz Arnold was studied in Warsaw in 1823, b. 1804, m. Jozefa Ilowiecka, with grandson Julian Pius Ludwik Arnold, b. 1840.
Juliana's granddaughter, 1845-1935, married in 1867 in OSZCZEKLIN to WOLOWSKI ie. Marian Jozef Edward Wolowski, 1838 - 1909, the son of Ksawery WOLOWSKI, b. Dec. 1792 - Warsaw, d. 1867 in Oszczeklin, studied in Warsaw, married Agnieszka Basinska.

Mentioned OSZCZEKLIN, ca 1790, was bought Stanislaw Potocki. In 1854 Oszczeklin was owned by Ksawery Wolowski, with new village Ksawerow.

Mentioned Jan Arnold b. 1751 - died in 1840 in Pietrzykow [Pietrzykow / Pietrzykowo, a village in the Kozminek community, within the Kalisz County. South to named Kozminek, 6 km north-west to Oszczeklin. Mentioned OSZCZEKLIN, ca 1790, was bought Stanislaw Potocki. In 1854 Oszczeklin was owned by Ksawery Wolowski, with new village Ksawerow]. Jan Arnold, 1751 - 1840, was the son of Maciej ARNOLD, and Bogumila Zebrowska.

KOTLIN:

Nepomucena Pradzynska, 1790 - 1858 - her parents:
Stanislaw Kostka Jozef Pradzynski, 1761-1817 [the owner of WOLA WIAZOWA] and Marcjanna Marianna Bronikowska, 1770-1847
[note: Bronikowski Ksawery (1796-1852), Polish political activist, participated in the work of the Free Poles Association].

PETRONELA Kiedrzynska m. in 1791 to MELCHIOR Pradzynski who was born in Mrowino, the Greater Poland Province in 1753 and died in 1797. Melchior Pradzynski was the son of Antoni Pradzynski b. 1710, and Marianna Czaplicka.
{Melchior's brother was named Stanislaw Kostka Jozef Pradzynski, b. 1761 in Pacholewo, who was the father of famous Ignacy Pantaleon Pradzynski, from August 16 to August 19, 1831 - commander-in-chief of the Polish Army.
Maciej Wincenty Sulimierski b. 1797/1798, of Wesola / WIESIOLKA, and Tyczyn, official in SZADEK, m. mentioned Nepomucena Pradzynska b. ca 1790 - it was her second marriage ca 1825}.

Melchior Jan Pradzynski b. 1753 in Mrowino [at half way from Szamotuly to Poznan], died 1797, son of Antoni Pradzynski 1710-1761, and Marianna Czaplicka; husband of Petronela KIEDRZYNSKA !; father of 1. Andrzej Pradzynski and 2. Jozef Pradzynski;

1. Andrzej Pradzynski, 1794-1872; born in Kowalew / KOWALEWO close to PLESZEW, 5 km east to Orpiszewek of Kiedrzynski; north-east to Dobrzyca. His father Melchior Pradzynski born in MROWINO, in 1753 [at half way from Szamotuly to Poznan]. Petronela Pradzynska - Kiedrzynska, b. 1767/1769, was the mother of above Andrzej Pradzynski born in KOWALEWO / Kowalew close to PLESZEW, 4 km to south-west [14 km north-east to DOBRZYCA, north to Bieganin, 5 km east to ORPISZEWEK], in 1794, d. in ZERKOWO, was living in WODZISKA close to STRZEMBORZA [close to Koluszki is situated Strzemboszewice]; and
2. Jozef Pradzynski b. ca 1792.

Andrzej Pradzynski 1794-1872 -
born in KOWALEW / Kowalewo - 12 / 13 km east to DOBRZYCA; close to Pleszew, and 5 km east to ORPISZEWEK; close to Lutynia, Fabianow and KOTLIN.
Died in 1872 in Zerkowo / ZERKOW close to Nowe Miasto by the WARTA river, and north to Jarocin, north-west to PLESZEW.

The Polish Republicans Society and The Free Poles Association [Zwiazek Lechitow] together with other underground organizations like the Union of Scytheman - it was just life, genealogy and history of Mycielski Erazm; Jakub Kiedrzynski; Feliks Bonawentura Sulimierski; Jan Kanty SZANIAWSKI; Pawel BARDZKI; Wincenty Jozef PRADZYNSKI; Ignacy Pantaleon Pradzynski:

Mycielski Erazm (1769-1800), Colonel, activist of the Kosciuszko Insurrection in 1794 and of The Polish Republicans Society.
He was the son of Aleksander MYCIELSKI and Konstancja Marianna Dahlke. He was born probably in Kamieniec Podolski.
Co-operated with Dzialynski in the autumn of 1793 in Grodno.
Erazm was already in a plot of officers of the Warsaw garrison with Jan Henryk Dabrowski, against entering Prussian army.
He was a member of the lodge 'Temple of Isis' and probably joined the underground in the autumn of 1793. Co-founder of the underground plot in 1794 and activist of the Kosciuszko Insurrection. In 1795 he managed the Great Poland underground club in Poznan. In 1796 Erazm Mycielski was associated with the Lviv Centralization. After the March arrests of 1794 and Erazm entered the new body of the reborn conspiracy, the so-called Civil and Military Council.
Jozef Wybicki, as well as Jan Kilinski, assessed very high the activity of Mycielski Erazm.
In the autumn 1794 Erazm moved to the PLESZEW county:
Wyszki - 17 km north-west to PLESZEW; 4 km north-west to KOTLIN; 11 km north to DOBRZYCA; 8 km north-west to ORPISZEWEK of Kiedrzynski !
And in
Magnuszewice - 4 km west to KOTLIN; 6 km north-west to Orpiszewek.

Tadeusz Wolanski, alchemist,
in 1813 married Wilhelmina Schrotter / Schretter, b. bef. 1800, the owner of Rybitwy close to Pakosc.
They had a daughter Malwina Wolanska, 1831 - 1881, m. in Bydgoszcz in 1851, to Jozef Ilowiecki, 1825 - 1871.
Jozef was the great-grandson of Lucja Skorzewska, 1740 - 1786 - the daughter of
Antoni Skorzewski, 1710 - 1766 and Anna Nostitz - Jackowska, ca 1710/1715 - 1768.
Anna was the daughter of Jan Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1670.

Franciszka Nostitz-Jackowski married Kiedrzynska had one sister Anna Skorzewska born Nostitz-Jackowska.

I wrote above Anna SKORZEWSKA was the sister of
Franciszka Kiedrzynska and
of Michal Jackowski / Michal Nostitz-Jackowski, b. ca 1705, died 1766.

Franciszka Nostitz-Jackowski married Andrzej Kiedrzynski in 1730 or 1735/1737.
Franciszka Kiedrzynska was the daughter of
Jan Jackowski and Teresa Zalustowska / Zaluskowska. Jan was born in 1670. Her brother was Pawel Zaluskowski of Kaliszkowice Olobockie close to MIKSTAT, b. bef. 1690.
Pawel Zaluskowski was the son of Aleksander ZALUSKOWSKI and Marianna Szczypierska.
Pawel Zaluskowski was the deputy of the Kalisz governor.
Teresa Jackowska, born Zaluskowska ca 1680. Teresa Jackowska was born to Aleksander Zaluskowski and Marianna Szczypierska. Aleksander was born in 1660. Teresa married Jan Jackowski in 1700.

Jan Nepomucen Ksawery Nostitz-Jackowski born 1770,
was the son of
Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski and Marianna nee Kczewska / Marcianna Antonie Barbara Nostitz-Jackowska.
Aleksander Jackowski was born in 1729 ie. Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski, ca 1729 - 1802 in the Nogat river close to Malbork.
The son of
Michal Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1705, d. ca 1766.
The grandson of Jan Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1670.

Antoni Skorzewski, 1710 - 1766 m. Anna Nostitz - Jackowska, ca 1710/1715 - 1768. Anna was the daughter of above Jan Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1670. Franciszka Nostitz-Jackowski married Kiedrzynska had one sister Anna Skorzewska born Nostitz-Jackowska.

Marianna Kczewski / Marcianna Antonie Barbara Nostitz-Jackowska Kczewska, born in Straszewo, close to Kwidzyn -
she was daughter of Andrzej Kczewski and Marianna;
wife of Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski;
mother of Jan Nepomucen Ksawery Nostitz-Jackowski.
Marianna was born in 1745 or 1750.
Jan Nepomucen had one brother Hipolit Nostitz-Jackowski; Jan Nepomucen married Anna nee Tucholka.
Then Jan Nepomucen married 2nd to Petronela nee Drywa-Zakrzewska in 1804, she was born 1776 / 1780.
They had one daughter Marianna Marcjanna nee Nostitz-Jackowska b. ca 1800, married Tomasz Bogumil Jan Swiatopelk-Mirski, b. 26.12.1788 - d. 1861 / 1878.
Above named Ivan Swiatopelk - Mirski or Jan Swiatopelk, and Marianna Marcjanna had a sons:
1.
Dmitri Ivanovich Svatjopolk-Mirski. Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Svyatopolk-Mirsky, 1825 - 1899, was a Imperial Russian Army general. Sviatopolk-Mirsky and his wife, Georgian princess Sofia Orbeliani, had one son,
Pyotr Dmitrievich Svyatopolk-Mirsky, future Minister of the Interior of Russia.
Prince Pyotr Dmitrievich Svyatopolk-Mirsky, 1857, Vladikavkaz - 1914, Saint Petersburg, was a Russian general and in July 1904, he succeeded to the position of Minister of the Interior after Plehve's assassination. His appointment was seen as a victory of Liberals. The massacre of a demonstration in Saint Petersburg, known as Bloody Sunday, occurred on 22 January 1905. According to Svyatopolk-Mirsky, he never had authorised the shooting of the demonstrators];
and 2.
Nikolaj Swiatopelk - Mirski.

Marianna Nostitz-Jackowska had 3 other sibilings. Daniela Joanna Marciana / Marcjanna Nostitz-Jackowska, born 1807 - died 27.10.1853; her brother was Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski, 1821 - 1910, with his daughter Leonarda Kielczewska.

Franciszek Ksawery SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI, b. ca 1760, married to Katarzyna Badowska;
they had the mentioned son Tomasz Bogumil Swiatopelk - Mirski, 1788, d. 1868, m. Marianna Nostitz-Jackowska.
Tomasz Bogumil Jan Swiatopelk-Mirski (1788-1868) fought in the November Uprising in 1830 near Suwalki and exiled to Paris, where he represented the Poles; participant in the French colonization of Algiers; served the French Foreign Legion of Polish exiles from France; he received a large grant of land in Africa; converted to Orthodoxy, and return to Russia, where he remained under house arrest until his death.

The conspiracy in Russia created curtains and protected from the beginning by the modern counterintelligence of the Tsarist Russia created by Benkendorff and Dubbelt from Estonia and Latvia - thanks to this major role in this system can be played a German families from Estonia.
They anchored (Fabian Pilar von Pilchau of Parnu) in Lithuania / Belarus and joined with families from Belarus: Pilsudski, Dzierzynski, Konstantynowicz and so on. Thanks to this connections the German Empire took over from the top of all this political system according to some theorists, and by others - the British intelligence.
This statement is not true, or not true fully. The main ally of Britain during the First World War was Russia, and the Romanov dynasty with its last tsar. This is confirmed by the organization of the Allied mission to Russia in January 1917 and earlier such a mission to Romania. Too much in the military - political - intelligence structure is discussed below, is Irish and Scots.
Ireland fought then about freedom, just like the Poles.
Scotland also fight, like Estonia.

General Prince Nikolai Ivanovitch Sviatopolk - Mirskii
(Polish, b. at Miastkow, 5th July 1833; m. second, Cleoptra Mikhailovna Khanikova / Chanikow, and d. at Mir, 15th July 1898).
Ataman of the Don Cossacks, third son of Prince Tomasz Boguslaw Jan Sviatopolk-Mirskii, and by his second wife, Princess Marcianna, nee von Nostitz-Jackowska. She d. at Vladicaucase, 1863.

Franciszka JACKOWSKA married Andrzej Kiedrzynski b. 1715/1720, then he was the owner of Bieganin close to RASZKOW. Her son Jakub Kiedrzynski was the posesor of Orpiszewek close to PLESZEW.

Andrzej Kiedrzynski born ca 1715/1720, was the son of JAN Kiedrzynski b. ca 1680 close to Czestochowa. Andrzej Kiedrzynski b. ca 1715 / 1720, was the landowner of Biegacino in 1760, that is Bieganin / Bieganino, ca 23 km west of Kalisz, and 16 km south of Orpiszewko / Orpiszewek.
Andrzej Kiedrzynski married Franciszka Jackowska / Franciszka Nostitz - Jackowska, b. ca 1715/1720, and was the father of:
1.
KACPER Kiedrzynski b. ca 1750;
2.
DOROTA PSARSKA - MADALINSKA, died in 1784.
3.
Izydor Kiedrzynski who was b. 1749 and m. to Helena born in 1762, she died in Wola Wiazowa in 1828 [the family of the author]. Izydor Kiedrzynski was living in JEDLNO of Walewski - Mecinski - Stadnicki branch, ca 1776 - bef. 1802.
4.
Jan Marcin BOGDANSKI died in 1809, married in ca 1764 to Marianna Ostoja Kiedrzynska d. 1785.
5.
Jakub Kiedrzynski junior, from Kalisz, born in WILCZKOW, in 1738, the GLUCHOW parish; died in 1798.

GOLUCHOW

- 14 km south-east to PLESZEW, at way to KALISZ;
5 km north to Czerminek;
12 km south to Rokutow [compare Kiedrzynski];
14 km north-east to Sobotka;
20 km south-east to Broniszewice [Mycielski Erazm alias ERASMUS Mycielski (1769-1800) - the conspirator after the fall of the uprising in 1794].

Goluchow Castle was built between 1550 - 1560. Leszczynski sold in 1695 named Goluchow to Suszko;
then next owners:
Gorowski;
Chlebowski;
Swinarski;
Suchorzewski.

In 1853 / 1856, Tytus Dzialynski [the family from PAKOSC] bought the Castle for his son Jan Kanty Dzialynski and his wife Izabella Czartoryski married Dzialynska, the daughter of Duke Adam Jerzy Czartoryski.

Jan Kanty Dzialynski financed and organized the January Uprising in Greater Poland in 1863.
The collapse of the uprising and the default conviction handed down to him by the Prussian authorities (set aside only in 1871) forced him to emigrate.
To protect Goluchow against confiscation, Izabella Dzialynska bought the castle from Dzialynskis' hands. In 1875 - 1885 she carried out a reconstruction combined with renovation.

After Izabella's death in 1899, the property was transformed into the ordination, with the museum, inherited by her nephew, Prince Witold Czartoryski.
Goluchow remained in the hands of the Czartoryski family until the outbreak of World War II.
I wrote above, in 1853, the Goluchow castle was bought by Tytus Dzialynski, for his son Jan Kanty. Tytus Adam Dzialynski (1796 - 1861, was the son of Ksawery Dzialynski, the owner of Pakosc - compare Tadeusz Wolanski and the Czolgosz family) was a Polish political activist and protector of arts and a Prussian politician.

Above Ksawery Szymon Tadeusz Dzialynski b. 1756 in Konarzewo, and died in 1819 in named Konarzewo; Senator of the Warsaw Duchy and the Congress Kingdom.
KSAWERY Dzialynski and Ignacy Dzialynski, both, were the owners of PAKOSC, close to Inowroclaw and Znin.
Then PAKOSC belonged to the Knights Council Lieutenant, Johann Carl von Gerhardt of Flatow, ie. in 1789/1792 until 1802.
Ksawery Dzialynski was the son of Augustyn Dzialynski, the Kalisz governor [Augustyn was the owner of PAKOSC], and Anna Radomicka, the daughter of Jan Antoni Radomicki, the Inowroclaw governor. In 1782 he was MP. In 1786 Count in Prussia.

Very interesting that the family of Countess Maria Dorota Leopoldyna Czapska (nick-name Dorota Obuchowicz, Maria Strzalkowska, and Dorota Thun), b. 1894 in Praga, died 1981, Maisons-Laffitte, Polish historian, the sister of Jozef Czapski, the grand-daughter of Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, met and was talking in Belarus to (in 1892) Bogdan Hutten-Czapski, the next of kin of the Belarussian branch of the Czapskis, who described an estate of the Czapski family close to Minsk; she was in Paris 1925 - 1930.

Franciszek Stanislaw Kostka Czapski Hutten born 1725
(son of Ignacy Hutten-Czapski b. ca 1699 / 1700, who was the brother of
Franciszek Hutten-Czapski [m. Katarzyna Skorzewska - compare SKORZEWSKI in Raszkow of the Kiedrzynskis],
Jozef Piotr Hutten-Czapski, and
Teresa Pawlowska.
And - acc. to me - Jakub Hutten-Czapski b. ca 1700),
d. 1802 in Warsaw; his children:
a.
Maria Hutten-Czapska b. 1760 m. Gen.-Major Mikolaj Adrian Joachim Hutten-Czapski of Bukowiec, 1804 Count, with children:
1. Franciszek Ignacy Dionizy Hutten-Czapski b. 1797;
2. Antonina Skorzewski

[Css Antonina Barbara Skorzewska, nee Hutten-Czapska, 1802 - 1872 in Kretkow; the daughter of Mikolaj Adrian Joachim Hutten-Czapski and Maria Hutten-Czapska.
Wife of Antoni Beniamin Bartlomiej Skorzewski b. 1803 in Nekla.
Mother of Joanna Helena Gliszczynska; and Wanda Szymanowska.

Above Antoni Beniamin Bartlomiej Skorzewski was the son of Jozef SKORZEWSKI and Helena Lipska.

See -
TADEUSZ WOLANSKI and Rajmund Skorzewski of Czerlejno / Czerniejew / Czerniejew-Radomice, ie. Rajmund Jozef Jan Skorzewski, Count, b. 1791 in Nekla, at the way from Kostrzyn to Wrzesnia.

Rajmund Skorzewski d. 1859 in Bucz, in the WOLSZTYN county, 9 km east to Przemet, 6 km south-west to Popowo Stare, 9 km south-west to WILKOWO POLSKIE of Szoldrski and Zamoyska-Kiedzynska.
RAJMUND Skorzewski in 1823 married Marianna Balbina Seweryna Lipska.
He was son of Jozef Skorzewski and Helena Lipska - compare above.
Jozef Skorzewski leased RASZKOW from the Kiedrzynskis.
Marianna was the daughter of Jozef Lipski, and she was his cousin. Rajmund Skorzewski was the insurgent in 1848, in Czerniejewo. In 1840 in Berlin he took a title of Count. Rajmund's mother was above Helena Skorzewska, nee Lipska, 1766 - 1832, married JOZEF Skorzewski = Jozef Ignacy Skorzewski, b. in 1757 in Komorze, close to Nowe Miasto by Warta river, and died ca 1809.
Helena was the daughter of Jan Lipski and Marianna Kozminska];
b.
Anna Hutten-CZAPSKI b. ca 1765

[Anna was the granddaughter of
Augustyn Dzialynski, 1715 - 1759. Augustyn Dzialynski was the owner of PAKOSC. Augustyn was the Wschowa official - see Stanislaw Kostka Kiedrzynski in Wschowa - in 1742-1743, the governor of Kalisz in 1750-1758;
Augustyn Dzialynski in 1730 - the owner of PAKOSC; Kornik, Koscielec, Dzialyn, Konarzew, Sokolow and Zakrzew.
Augustyn married Anna Radomnicka of Inowroclaw, with 4 daughters and 2 sons:
Ignacy Dzialynski and Ksawery Dzialynski; both of the sons owned Koscielec near to PAKOSC].

Anna Czapski married Jozef Oskierka

[JOZEF Oskierka was the son of Antoni Oskierka, b. ca 1740, and Teresa Eperyaszy.

Antoni Oskierka was the son of Ludwik Gerwazy Oskierka, 1710 - 1770 and Teresa Tyzenhauz.
And the grandson of
Antoni Oskierka, senior, 1670-1734 {see: Miezonka of the Konstantynowicz from Radziwill} and Zofia Stadnicka-Kolenda];
c.
Ignacy CZAPSKI born 1770,
d.
Franciszek CZAPSKI b. ca 1770;
e.
Karol CZAPSKI, b. in Minsk 1777 - died in 1836, m. Fabianna Obuchowicz (next generation -
Emeryk CZAPSKI, b. 1828);
f.
Stanislaw CZAPSKI, 1779-1844, m. Zofia Obuchowicz, Colonel under Napoleon.

Above Anna Czapska married Jozef Oskierka.

Anna Czapska Oskierka, b. 1762, was the daughter of
Franciszek CZAPSKI and Dorota Dzialynska / Dorota Jozefina Dzialynska, b. 1743 in NAKLO by the Notes river, and she died in 1763
[Dorota Dzialynska Czapska was the daughter of mentioned above
Augustyn Dzialynski, b. 1715 in Naklo - died in 1759 {see PAKOSC};
the granddaughter of Jozef Dzialynski].

Goluchow - Karsy with Bona Kiedrzynska and Teodor Billewicz:

In Sobotka in 1783, Teodor Bilewicz - from Lithuania, official in Zmudz, m. Cecylja Kozuchowska;
witnesses:
Jozef Gomolinski, the official at the Royal Court, Antoni Szkulski, and Andrzej Kaczkowski; wedding was in KARSY.

Sobotka in 1779, bpt.; but in Gutow in the Malczewski manor, was born Marjanna Wardenska, the daughter of Antoni Wardenski and Ludwika Kiedrzynska Wardenska; godparents: Kasper Zakrzewski and Marjanna Bogdanska.

In 1788, Antoni Szkulski owner of Szkudl; his friends - Jan Nepomucen Kozuchowski and Juljanna Kozuchowska - owners of Karsy, Wierzchoslaw, Czechel.
1751, Bartlomiej and Joanna Boguslawski, the owners of Sobotka.
1824, Kasper Wyssogota Zakrzewski died; the owner of Gutow; born in 1738.
1830, Jozef Otto Trampczynski died; the owner of Karsy; buried in Kucharki; born in 1733.
1790, Katarzyna Radolinska of Chorze died; owner of Karsy, buried in Kalisz.
1763, Stanislaw Kostka Dydak Aleksander Jozef was born; son of Franciszek Kozuchowski and Marjanna Walichnowska;
Walichnowska was the daughter of an owner of Karsy, Wierchoslaw, Bobry, Ciechel, Grudzielec, Magnuszewice.

Gutow - 3 km south to Sobotka; 6 km north to Bedzieszyn; 5 km south to KARSY; 18 km west to KALISZ.

1801, in Karsy, Jan Kromer, the Prussian lieutenant, married Wiktorja Grudzielska. She was born 1755; witnesses:
Jozef Trampczynski owner of Karsy;
Osinski owner of Czechel.

Mentioned above Teodor Billewicz / Bilewicz - the Confederate Marshal of the WILKOMIERZ county in 1764.
But we know on Teodor Bilewicz, the friend of Michal Kazimierz Radziwill.
Starygrod - 11 km north-west to Krotoszyn, the city.
Starygrod in 1686: Petronella Jadwiga, was born to Stanislaw Walichnowski and Dorota from Kuklinow.
Kozuchowski - compare the family of Trubecki - Kalinowski.

KARSY - here BONA Kiedrzynska of KARSY - is situated in the Kalisz prov.; close to Goluchow - 8,5 km; near Pleszew - 14 km.
Karsy - 2,5 km west to Kucharki, 5 km north-east to SOBOTKA; 8 km north to GUTOW; and south-west to GOLUCHOW.

Mentioned above Teodor Billewicz / Bilewicz - the Confederate Marshal of the WILKOMIERZ county in 1764. In Sobotka in 1783, Teodor Bilewicz - from Lithuania, the official in Zmudz, m. Cecylja Kozuchowska; witnesses:
Jozef Gomolinski, official at the Royal Court,
Antoni Szkulski, and
Andrzej Kaczkowski; wedding was in KARSY.

Genealogy of TEODOR Billewicz, Motiejus Bilevicius, and Tadeusz Billewicz / Tadas Bilevicius:

Walerian Billewicz, the officer in Dyrwiany Male in 1788-1795, d. 1785 or 1795. Dyrwiany - Dirvonenai, west of Siauliai / SZAWLE [here was living ca 1785 Jan Wolanski, the father of Tadeusz Wolanski of Pakosc], north of Raseiniai.
Walerian Billewicz was father of
Joachim Billewicz;
Anna Pilsudska;
Jozef Billewicz the Freemason and CONSPIRATOR;
Wojciech Billewicz;
Eufrozyna Biallozor and
Emiliana.

Kazimierz Pilsudski b. ca 1750, d. ca 1820, officer in Rosienie, married in 1786 in Krakes, near Kiejdany [Krakes - east of Raseiniai], to above named Anna Billewicz 1761 - 1837.

Mentioned Walerian's father was Piotr Billewicz, who was son of Zygmunt Billewicz, born ca 1640.
Zygmunt was brother of Teodoras Steponas Bilevicius / Teodor Stefan Billewicz, 1655-1697,
and Teodor Billewicz, senior, had a son
Aleksandras Jurgis Bilevicius / Aleksander Billewicz, b. 1690.
Aleksander was father of TADEUSZ BILLEWICZ / Tadas Bilevicius,
and Teodor Billewicz of KARSY.

Named above Zygmunt's father was Stefan Billewicz / Bilevicius, ca 1610 - 1678.

Teodor Billewicz - Chamberlain of King Stanislaw August Poniatowski from 1765; the member of the Bar Confederation of the Duchy of Samogitia; he was living together with Tadeusz Billewicz, brother, from 1771.
Teodor was the official in Wilkomierz in 1765, MP three times; in 1764 he was the district administrator of the Wilkomierz county to the confederation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1764 he was an supporter of Stanislaw August Poniatowski from the Wilkomierz county. The deputy of the Vilnius province to the parliament of 1764.

Above named Tadeusz Billewicz - died on August 12, 1788/1790, the Castellan of Troki from 1788, governor of Mscislaw since 1786, Castellan of Mscislaw from 1783, a marshal of the Duchy of Samogitia to the Bar Confederation from 1771, a consort of the Perpetual Council, the official in the province of Torun in 1764. He was an supporter of Stanislaw August Poniatowski in 1764 from the Duchy of Samogitia. Member of Parliament from 1776 of Duchy of Samogitia. Consulter of the Military Department of the Perpetual Council in 1788.
Billewicz Tadeusz, was the eldest son of Aleksander Jerzy (b. 1690 - 1755).

Remember -
Jan Billewicz b. ca. 1790 was the grandson of named Aleksander Jerzy BILLEWICZ (b. 1690), who was the supporter of Stanislaw Leszczynski in 1733, so apparently a supporter of Czartoryski and not Radziwill. He has the brother - Jan.
Aleksander Jerzy Billewicz, he was MP in 1744. Aleksandras Jurgis Bilevicius / Aleksander Jerzy Billewicz b. ca 1690 - died in 1764 or 1755, was son of Teodoras Steponas Bilevicius / Teodor STEFAN Billewicz and Helena Gruzewska / Elena.

Tadeusz Billewicz 1728 - 1788 was son of above Aleksandras Jurgis Bilevicius and Ona Bileviciene.

Aleksander Jerzy Billewicz, was living in Ruszcza, and also in the Vilkomir county. Married Anna Romer; he send his sons: Tadeusz and Jerzy Billewicz to schools in Koenigsberg.
In Nieswiez, Teodor Billewicz and Mateusz Billewicz - his next sons - were living.
Orphaned (1755) brothers at first were supported the Radziwill prince - Michal "Rybenko".
Brigadier Golicyn arrested Jerzy Billewicz and Mateusz Billewicz in Rosienie, before 17 October 1768. In the following year, nothing was heard about the Billeviches. Only in connection with Oginski, son-in-law of Michal Czartoryski, the Billewiczs supported the Bar confederation.

Teodor Billewicz, in July 1771, is recruiting, at the secret meeting, Jacek Antoni Puttkamer, the former marshal of the duchy. Teodor Billewicz not wanting to recognize the partition, sat in Gdansk in 1772;
in the autumn of 1773 together with K. Radziwill visited Mainz, Dresden, he went to Gdansk, and again, to leave for a few years to Germany.
Probably he returned to Zmudz at the same time when back to Nieswiez Radziwill (1778).
At that time, he accepted the chamberlain post from Stanislaw August Poniatowski ca 1779/1780 - compare Jan Wolanski in Szawle ca 1770/1795.

See:
Jozef Billewicz (b. ca 1760/1765 - d. 1850) - the Marshal of Rosienie; the son of Mateusz Billewicz b. 1735/1740, and Anna Eugenia Lopacinski (1753-1789), the daughter of Ignacy Blazej Stanislaw Lopacinski, 1722-1776 + Judyta Prozor / Jutyta Prozor, 1730-1812.

Mentioned MATEUSZ Billewicz (born ca 1735) = Motiejus Bilevicius - was the son of Aleksandras Jurgis Bilevicius / Aleksander Jerzy Billewicz, b. ca 1690 - died in 1764 or 1755
[who was the son of Teodoras Steponas Bilevicius / Teodor Billewicz and Helena Gruzewska / Elena.
Tadeusz Billewicz 1728 - 1788 was also the son of above Aleksandras Jurgis Bilevicius and Ona Bileviciene].

JOZEF Billewicz, the Conspirator - b. ca 1760/1765, the marshal of the Rosienie county. The son of Mateusz Billewicz (b. ca 1735) and Anna Eugenia Lopacinska.
Mateusz Bilewicz also lived in Smorgonie and NIESWIEZ;
Mateusz + Lopacinska had sons:
Jozef, b. ca 1760/1765, MP in 1793 {Jozef Billewicz (died 1850) - the marshal of the Rosienie county; the member of the Patriotic Society};
Jan;
Ignacy;
Tadeusz junior.

Named above
ALEKSANDER BILEWICZ of the Rosienie county married Anna Romer with 4 sons:
1. Tadeusz Billewicz, senior, b. ca 1728, died in 1788; in 1783 - the Mscislau province;
2. Jerzy BILEWICZ (born circa 1730), studied in Krolewiec, known German, then in Nieswiez {Jerzy Bilewicz was the Judge of ROSIENIE in 1765};
3. Teodor Billewicz + Kozuchowska of Kalisz [in KARSY] (he was born ca 1734);
4. Mateusz Bilewicz (b. ca 1735) also lived in Smorgonie, and NIESWIEZ.

Named above JOZEF Billewicz (b. ca 1760/1765) - in 1789 in Samogitia; Ruthenian civilian-military commissar of the Duchy of Samogitia (1790), the confederate of the Targowica Confederation (1792), a member of the Grodno Parliament (1793),
chamberlain of the Rosienie (1800).
On August 15, 1812, elected him the deputy to the General Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland, later he became the marshal of the gentry in ROSIENIE.
Master of the "Palemon" of the Masonic Lodge (1820-21) and honorary member of Vilnius lodges: "Perfect Unity" and "Good Shepherd".
In May 1821, he was admitted to the Patriotic Society during the meeting of the Society near Vilnius.
He married Anna Szemiot, they had two daughters:
Urszula Billewicz (the later wife of Ludwik Pilsudski)
and Kunegunda (the later wife of Ezekiel Staniewicz);
after his death, the Billewicze estate (today's Biliunai village) passed into the hands of the Pilsudski family.

We back to the Dzialynskis:
The Dzialynskis of Dzialyn in the Dobrzyn district, and in the Great Poland, Kujawy (Runow, Bnin, Szarlej, Pakosc, Bakowo, Konarzew).
Zygmunt Dzialynski (d. 1685), the official in Nieszawa and Inowroclaw, the owner of Pakosc, had a daughter Helena, and 5 sons:
Andrzej;
Maciej (d. 1694/1695);
Jakub (d. 1730);
Jan (d. 1692/1693) and
Pawel Dzialynski (d. 1693/1695) the owner of Kornik and Pakosc - Koscielec.

Pawel's sons [+ Magdalena Leszczynski]:
1.
Aleksander Dzialynski (1683 - 1739), a bishop of Kujawy and Wloclawek;
2.
Zygmunt Dzialynski (d. 1719/1721), the owner of named Kornik and Pakosc - Koscielec;
3.
Jozef Dzialynski, m. Marianna Potulicki, with daughter Magdalena and 2 sons:
Marcin (d. 1746), and
Augustyn Dzialynski (1715 - 1759) [see above], the Wschowa official [see Stanislaw Kostka Kiedrzynski in Wschowa] in 1742-1743, the governor of Kalisz in 1750-1758;
1730 - the owner of Pakosc;
Kornik, Koscielec, Dzialyn, Konarzew, Sokolow; Zakrzew.
Augustyn married Anna Radomnicka of Inowroclaw, with 4 daughters and 2 sons:
Ignacy Dzialynski and Ksawery Dzialynski [both of the sons owned Koscielec - Pakosc].

Ignacy Dzialynski (1754 - 1797), MP in 1788, and the Constitution of 3 May 1791 supporter.

And above Ksawery = Franciszek Ksawery Dzialynski (1756 - 1819), MP, the member of the Provisional Temporary Council during the uprising in 1794, a member of the Government in Warsaw, the governor of the Kingdom of Poland - 1815.

The Dzialynski family was the owners of PAKOSC for over 200 years.
Pakosc / Stadt Pakosch in 1772-1807 belonged to Prussia. The landlord Augustyn Dzialynski in 1751, owned Koscielec and Pakosc / Pakosch.
The Dzialynski family sold the Pakosch estate, for political reasons. The last owners, the two brothers, Ignaz Dzialynski and Xaver Dzialynski, sold their possessions in West Prussia through a contract, completed on May 13, 1789, and on January 10 1792 was confirmed by the court, to the hands of the Knights Council Lieutenant, Johann Carl von Gerhardt of Flatow.
The older of the brothers Dzialynski, Xaver [Ksawery Dzialynski], bought Kornik at the Poznan province, the estate was still part of Poland; his line died with his son, Count Tytus Dzialynski.
The younger one line, which is located in Podolia, is still flourishing today.

Named Johann Karl von Gerhardt, born in Konigsberg on 27 Oct 1752, died in Berlin on 16 Apr 1829 with the Prussian patent of nobility on 9 Oct 1787. By the way, Johann Carl von Gerhardt was only a few years in possession of the Pakosch estate - he already has sold them at the end of 1802, to the Knights Council member, Joseph / Jozef Mieczkowski.

Landlords - the owners of the Pakosch land since 1803:
Norbert Zielinski, Justice of the Peace of Inowrazlaw district / Inowroclaw.
Ignacy Suminski / Ignatz von Suminski since 1804 together and since 1808 alone.
In 1821 we have inf. on the citizenship of Pakosch and noblemen, such as Skorzewski owned Lubostron [10 km north-west to Barcin], and Lochocki the owner of Bartschin / Barcin, 17 km north-west to Pakosc.

The above mentioned Norbert Zielinski retained the rule until the year 1820, then moved to the royal capital of Berlin, and
from Zielinski again in 1829, the district Inowroclaw administrator Thaddeus Wolanski / Tadeusz Wolanski bought Pakosc / Pakosch.

Tadeusz Wolanski of Inowroclaw / Inowrazlaw was the last landlord of Pakosch / PAKOSC, who still has the material relations with citizens. It seems that he has goodwill enough to lead a successful solutions for both parties to the conflict in Pakosc.

Mentioned Augustyn Dzialynski b. 1715, d. 1759, in 1750 the Kalisz governor.
The son of Jozef Dzialynski + Marianna Potulicki.
Augustyn was the owner of Pakosc - Koscielec; Kornik; Dzialyn; Konarzew; Sokolow; Zakrzew.

Parishes close to Pleszew:

The Broniszewice estate was at half way from the church in Chocz to the church of Czermin.

In Kotlin was the St Kasimir parish;
a church in Lutynia - 2 km south-west to Orpiszewek;
and a church in Dobrzyca - 6 km south-west to Lutynia;
Magnuszewice - 4/5 km west to the Kotlin church;
Wyszki - 3 km north to named Magnuszewice;

7 km east to Dobrzyca - the Sosnica church is situated;
Kowalew near to Pleszew - a church was 6 km north-east to Sosnica;

Grodzisko - 4 km south-east to the Broniszewice landestate;
Rokutow - 9 / 10 km east to the Lenartowice church; Rokutow is situated 8 km south-east to mentioned GRODZISKO.

Rozdrazew - 15 km south-west to Dobrzyca and 27 km west to Sobotka.

Brief note to
Jozef WEZYK older + Helena Jordan, born ca 1730, lived in BRONISZEWICE:

Broniszewice / Bronischewitz, 11 km north-east-north to PLESZEW [see Jakub Kiedrzynski], 9 km north-east to CZERMIN; 5 / 6 km north to Pacanowice and 4 km north-west to GRODZISKO. 18 km north-east to KOTLIN, 22 km north-east to DOBRZYCA, 24 km north to SOBOTKA.

Broniszewice -
Kazimierz Wielowiejski and Maksymilian Wielowiejski, the owners ca 1730/1749; they sold BRONISZEWICE in 1749 to Jozef WEZYK of Osiny.

JOZEF Wezyk was the Konary official in 1768-1771, in Wielun in 1758-1768; the member of the Radom Confederation in 1767, husband of named Helena Jordan. They had children born in BRONISZEWICE:
1. Teresa WEZYK married Franciszek Stadnicki,
and
2. Konstancja Wezyk married Pawel Skorzewski.

Jozef Wezyk died bef. 1775; and the Skorzewski family took Broniszewice: Pawel, and next Michal Skorzewski, the Poznan official, m. Ludwika Hutten-Czapska, 1709-1799, buried in PYZDRY
[with a daughter Anastazja Sczaniecka born 1752 in Komorze near to Nowe Miasto by the Warta river, and Anastazja was buried in Michorzewo, the Nowy Tomysl County; Anastazja was the mother of BRYGIDA MIELZYNSKA - b. 1775, died in Poznan, m. Mikolaj Gorgoni Mielzynski - the grandson of ANDRZEJ MIELZYNSKI b. 1698 - see PAWLOWICE close to Leszno, Poniec and ROKOSOWO;
It was the family of MIELZYNSKI in BASZKOW near to KROTOSZYN - see Angela MERKEL].
Michal in 1786 was the owner of Broniszewice.
Michal Skorzewski died in 1789, and Broniszewice inherited STADNICKI ie. the children of above Teresa WEZYK married Franciszek Stadnicki:
1. Antoni STADNICKI, younger [the owner of Broniszewice 1789 until ca 1800; then he was living in ZMIGROD, died in Trzcinica close to Jaslo in Austria in 1836];
2. Ignacy Stadnicki [he was living bef. 1809 in Cracow; died in 1818 in LAGANOW, close to PROSZOWICE, north-east to Cracow, the Kingdom of Poland under Russia],
3. Anna, Tekla, and Helena.

Next landlord of Broniszewice [11 km north-east-north to Pleszew; close to ROKUTOW; 4 km north-west to Grodzisko !] - Michal's Skorzewski son - Jozef Ignacy Wojciech Skorzewski.

Helena Jordan, b. ca 1730, was the daughter of Jan Jordan, the Krakow official, 1690-1735, who married twice - with 1st wife had the son:
Spytek Rogatian Jordan, the Krakow official, 1730-1777;
from 2nd wife:
Helena Jordan, b. ca 1730 + Jozef Wezyk older [Jozef Wezyk was the Konary Sieradzkie (1768-1771) official; 1710-1771], with children:
Teresa Wezyk b. 1740/1748 [Franciszek Stadnicki 1742-1810 + Teresa Wezyk b. ca 1748] and Konstancja Wezyk, 1750/1760-1778.

Teresa Wezyk married ca 1768/1770 to named Franciszek Stadnicki, 1742-1810.
Franciszek STADNICKI was the son of Antoni Stadnicki, the Ostrzeszow official, older, 1710-1777 + Teresa Potocka.

Franciszek's daughters and a son:
1. Helena Stadnicka, 1770-1841 + Count Wojciech Mecinski, younger, born 1760
- see below !;
2. Tekla Stadnicka 1775-1843 + Jan Kanty Edward Stadnicki;
3. Anna Maria Stadnicka 1776-1852 + Stanislaw Aleksander Ignacy Malachowski;
4. Ignacy Stadnicki, 1777-1828 + Ksawera / Xawera Zboinska.

Franciszek Stadnicki (1742 - 1810), the Bar insurgent in 1768, defender of Cracow / Krakow. The Ostrzeszow official; MP of Wielun in 1764; the owner of Rymanow and Dukla (1809). Stadnicki Franciszek was the General of the Kalisz troops in 1792 and in 1794.
The son of Antoni STADNICKI of Ostrzeszow and Wyszogrod + his 2nd wife, Teresa Potocki Stadnicka, the daughter of Franciszek POTOCKI, Colonel + Marianna Stradomski, Szembek, Potocka.

Named Antoni Stadnicki, the Ostrzeszow official, 1710-1777 + Teresa Potocka. Antoni was the son of
Wladyslaw Jozef Stadnicki, b. ca 1670, d. 1737;
the grandson of
Jan STADNICKI + Katarzyna Kowieska.

Above named
Wojciech Mecinski (1760 - 1839 in Cracow) younger, General of the Duchy of Warsaw, member of parliament and Senator of the Polish Kingdom.
Wojciech Mecinski younger in 1806 was appointed by the gen. Jan Henryk Dabrowski to the organizer and commander of the common uprising in the department of Kalisz [see Sulkowski, Mielzynski, Paszkowski and Fiszer]. There he formed a regiment / Lancers, and served under gen. Joseph Zajaczek; he actively defend members of the Patriotic Society. The November uprising in 1831.
Wojciech Mecinski (1760 - 1839 in Cracow), younger, owner of ZARKI, was a member of the Masonic lodge in 1813.
The son of Adam Albert Mecinski + Aniela Stadnicka.
ADAM's parents:
Wojciech Mecinski of Radom, 1691-1752 / 1754, older
[his grandfather was Wojciech Kazimierz Mecinski of Wielun, 1630-1670 or Kazimierz Jan Jozef Mecinski (1660 - 1703), of Radom, and Barbara Teofila Warszycka]
and Marianna Mecinska b. 1700 / 1710 [see below !].

Michal Mikolaj Mecinski [see below !] owner of Dzialoszyn, married Felicjanna Rudzka - daughter of Lukasz Rudzki, and Marianna Rzeczycka - with daughters:
Marianna and Anna.

Marianna Mecinska b. ca 1700 ? / 1710 !, m. Wojciech Mecinski (1691 - 1752 / 1754 in Czestochowa) older, officer in Radom, MP in 1736, Wielun in 1712, Ostrzeszow in 1717, the owner of Choruny, Domanowice, Ryczow, Kielczowice, Karlin, Bogdanow, Krezna, Wulka, Bobolice, Zaleze, Niegowonice, Mzurow, Mstyczow, Rodakow, Nowa Wies, Zimnowoda, Ogrodzieniec, Kleszczow,
Wola Krzysztoporska;

WOJCIECH Mecinski older was the son of Kazimierz Jan Jozef Mecinski (1660 - 1703), of Radom, and Barbara Teofila Warszycka.

Above Michal Mecinski m. RUCKA / Rudzka also had 2 sons:
a. Jan Mecinski of Wielun, General, friend of AUGUST III;
b. second son was Wojciech Mecinski [3rd]
of Wielun and Radomsko [Wojciech Mecinski, 1698-1771], owner of DZIALOSZYN, MP, m. ANNA GLOGOWSKA-STADNICKA [Anna Glogowska b. 1700]
with son Stanislaw

[Stanislaw Mecinski, 1732-1799 in Lublin, was landowner of Dzialoszyn, Ossym, Barwinek, Tylawa, officer in Wielun, MP 5 times, co-operated with August CZARTORYSKI, m. Rozalia Kurdwanowska of Baranow with 3 sons and daughters

{TEKLA m. Aleksander Giedrojc of Lithuania.
Anna Mecinska b. 1775 daughter of Stanislaw b. 1732, owner of Dzialoszyn and Trebaczow, officer in Wielun 1759}:

Jozef,
Nepomucen,
Wincenty.
Named Jozef Mecinski was the lieutenant],

and with daughters [of mother ANNA GLOGOWSKA-STADNICKA-MECINSKA]:
1. Anna MECINSKA + Adam Myszkowski of Wielun
[Anna was the 2nd wife of Adam Myszkowski 1705 - d. after 1778, MP in 1738, stayed in Kielczyglow; Anna Mecinska b. ca 1718 - died after 1774, great-granddaughter of Konstanty Tomicki and Agnieszka Myszkowska];
2. ELZBIETA MECINSKA b. ca 1720, the Lady-owner of Jedlno + Aleksander WALEWSKI.

Aleksander Walewski {Alexander / Aleksander Walewski b. 1700 - d. 1751 or 1778} married Elzbieta Mecinska of Jedlno, born ca 1720;
Aleksander was the son of FRANCISZEK Walewski born ca 1675 / 1690, died 1745, owner of Rusiec {!}, Wieruszow
[before him to the Mecinski family],
Dabrowka, Jastrzebice, Broszecin, Wola Wiazowa {!}, Lesniaki.

Elzbieta's son -
Jozef WALEWSKI / Jozef Kalasanty Walewski, b. 1747 or 1743, died 1792, m. PAULINA RADOLINSKA;
in ca 1775 Jozef Walewski was heir of JEDLNO, Borki and Jankowice close to Jedlno, and also of Kalinowa close to Zdunska Wola.
Jedlno was property of Elzbieta Walewska nee Mecinska and her son, who sold Wieruszow in 1793; then this family owned also Wola Wiazowa and Rusiec.

My family:
Izydor Kiedrzynski who was born 1749 in Bieganin, married to HELENA born in 1762, and she died in Wola Wiazowa in 1828.
Izydor Kiedrzynski (Jan ? - a mistake) b. 1749 in Bieganin, the Raszkow parish (not in 1763; lived then in Galonki), m. ca 1785; his family lost assets before 1815; he lived in 1776/1798 in Jedlno with wife Helena b. 1762; Catholic, He died bef. 1802/1803. Helena Kiedrzynska back to Raszkow, and was owner of a manor in Raszkow, and the part of estate, with the Arnold family and with Ms Kiedrzynska-Arnold, to 1818. Helena Kiedrzynska was living then in Wola Wiazowa, in 1820/1821 until her death.
Helena Kiedrzynska lived in Jedlno, Raszkow until 1818; Rusiec, and since 1820 / 1821 in Wola Wiazowa; she died in Wola Wiazowa in April 1828. Izydor Kiedrzynski died bef. 1802/1803 in Jedlno. Above named Galonki - 9 km north-west of Radomsko, north-east of Wola Jedlinska and Jedlno [3 km south-west to Dobryszyce and 8 km south-east to Lgota Wielka].

Adam Kiedrzynski b. ca 1660 / 1670, son of Zofia Lubienska 1640 - 1692, the daughter of Wojciech LUBIENSKI, d. 1653, and Teofila Gorska, d. 1668, was living in Galonki.
They come from Jakob Kiedrzynski, the 1st senior, who b. 1668.

KAJETAN'S RADOLINSKI children:
1. Paulina Pulina Radolinska b. 1750, married mentioned above Jozef Kalasanty Walewski of Sieradz, 1747-1792,
with:
Ludwika Walewska 1775-1863 m. Jozef Niemojowski, 1760-1836;
Aleksander Jozef Colonna-Walewski 1778-1845 m. Tekla Walewska 1783-1862;
Wincenty Walewski 1785-1820 m. Konstancja Salomea Jozefa Walewska 1791-1843;
2. Karolina Radolinska 1757-1824,
3. Piotr RADOLINSKI, MP in 1790, 1760-1823, m. Tekla Celestyna Eleonora Lanckoronska of Brzezie, 1774-1849.

The SISTER of Antoni Jozef Lanckoronski of Brzezie, 1777-1850 + Ewa Mecinska, b. 1789 / 1790 {maybe ca 1780}, the daughter of ADAM MECINSKI, 1740-1796 - see JEDLNO and KIEDRZYNSKI.

Antoni Lanckoronski b. in Lanckorona in 1777, d. Paryz 1850, Count in the Polish Kingdom, 1824; orderly officer on the staff of Napoleon I, m.
Ewa Mecinska, the daughter of Adam Mecinski, and Aniela Stadnicka.

Antoni Lanckoronski had son Henryk Stanislaw Wojciech Lanckoronski, b. Mianocice close to Ksiaz Wielki in 1816, m. in Berlin in 1850 to Jadwiga Maria Walewska, the daughter of Karol Walewski and Maria Radolinska;
with a daughter Henryka Lanckoronska or Henrietta b. in Berlin in 1852 m. Henryk Gustaw Algernon Breza b. 1844.

BREZA'S second wife was Helena Soltyk 1857-1947
{her great-grandfather was Jozef Soltyk, 1750-1803 who was the brother to Maciej Kajetan SOLTYK, the Crown secretary, Senator and Speaker of the Parliament of the Duchy of Warsaw};
he was the son of Fryderyk August Breza
{b. 1808; his grandparents were
Michal Breza of Lubaczow, 1718-1771, Ewa Zurawska, 1720-1794, Jozef Stanislaw Radolinski of Wschowa, 1730-1781 and Katarzyna Raczynska, 1744-1792}
and he was brother of Edward Breza 1847-1906 and Fryderyk August Leon junior Breza 1859-1908.

The genealogical branch of Kiedrzynski - Walewski - Sulimierski - Psarski - Madalinski - Galecki-Poniatowski - with Wola Pszczolecka and Wola Wiazowa [here my family]:

Michal Woroniecki was the husband of Eufemia ZIELINSKA, Woroniecka b. ca 1840, the daughter of Antoni Tymoteusz Zielinski b. 1792, and Anastazja PSARSKA b. 1810.

Anastasja was the daughter of Antoni Piotr Fabian Psarski b. 1766, the granddaughter of Wladyslaw Psarski b. after 1725;
the great-granddaughter of Franciszek Ksawery Psarski, 1691 - 1772 in Myslniew, the Ostrzeszow County, Greater Poland; burial in Ostrzeszow.
Son of Aleksander Psarski / Aleksander Marek Psarski, b. ca 1650.

Above PSARSKI ALEKSANDER MAREK died ca 1726, m. Marianna with sons:

A.

MIKOLAJ Psarski died 1762 (the branch of Tomasz Psarski married Kiedrzynska) m. Teresa Skrzynska. Mikolaj Psarski was the owner of Zielonczyn and Teresa Skrzynska, in 1786 was the owner of Wola Dzierlinska.

They had a son TOMASZ Psarski (born ca 1730 - died in 1807).

Tomasz Psarski married to Dorota Kiedrzynska, the daughter of:
Andrzej Kiedrzynski b. 1715/1720 and Franciszka Jackowski.

Dorota was 1 voto Wawrzyniec Grabinski.

Tomasz Psarski was 2nd voto Franciszka Rupniewska died 1826.

Dorota Kiedrzynska Psarska m. 3rd to Kajetan Madalinski, 1740-1784, with son Jozef MADALINSKI, b. 1774, died after 1809, Captain in 1809.

Tomasz Psarski had daughter Marianna Psarski, the owner of Wola Dzierlinska, m. Mikolaj Sulimierski son of Michal Sulimierski [the Sulimierskis were owners of Wola Pszczolecka] and Jadwiga Jaroszewska.

Jadwiga Sulimierska Jaroszewska had also a daughter Justyna, who married to Mateusz Tomasz SULIMIERSKI died 1842, the owner of Wilamow (12 km north of Uniejow) and Wola Pszczolecka.

Justyna Sulimierska, d. 1842, was the daughter of Jadwiga Jaroszewska.
Justyna had children:
a) Marianna SULIMIERSKI m. in 1826, to Jan Prawdzic Gowaszewski,
b) Antoni SULIMIERSKI 1800 - 1853, exiled to Siberia,
c) Wincenty SULIMIERSKI 1803 - 1871, clerk in Wola Dzierlinska.
d) Walenty SULIMIERSKI 1809-1847, found guilty of high treason, and with the brothers considered civilly deceased (see Gabriel Kiedrzynski in Jan. 1833)!
e) Faustyn SULIMIERSKI, major, died in Mchy in 1865, born in Kalisz in 1808, studied in Kalisz, an insurgent and the rebel in 1831, wounded in Ostroleka, emigrated, 1848 back to Krakow, then lived in Mchy in Ludwik Karsnicki's home.

Above Mateusz Tomasz Sulimierski had a brother Jozef Sulimierski, the owner of Lubiec [near to Wola Pszczolecka !], and of Stryjow.

Mateusz Tomasz was the son of IGNACY SULIMIERSKI, the owner of Wola Pszczolecka (in 1781) married to Marianna Wyszlawska, the daughter of Mikolaj Wyszlawski and Elzbieta Wierzchleyska.

Ignacy Sulimierski was the brother of JOZEF SULIMIERSKI -
the owner of Lubiec, and Kuznica Lubiecka close to Wola Pszczolecka.

Jozef Sulimierski b. 1738, d. 1805 in Widawa + Franciszka Wierzchlejska / Wierzchlenska. Jozef Sulimierski b. 1738, d. 1805, had a son Jan Sulimierski [born ca 1770 ?].

Jan Sulimierski married Magdalena Krasicka = Maria Krasicka.

Jan had a son Marceli Sulimierski / Marceli Jan Sulimierski, b. ca 1805, married to Zofia Szolowska / Joanna Szolochowska.

Wladyslaw Jan / Wladyslaw Sulimierski, 1830 - 1866, the owner of Lubiec, south of Wola Pszczolecka [Wanda Natalia Maria Walewska b. 1832 in Maslowice, m. Wladyslaw Sulimierski, the owner of Lubiec near Wola Pszczolecka], was the son of Marceli Sulimierski / Marceli Jan Sulimierski, b. ca 1805.

Above Wanda Natalia Maria Walewska b. 1832 in Maslowice, m. Wladyslaw Sulimierski, the owner of Lubiec near Wola Pszczolecka (see Adam Kiedrzynski in Sulmierzyce).

Wladyslaw Jan / Wladyslaw Sulimierski, 1830 - 1866, owner of Lubiec south of Wola Pszczolecka,
was son of Marceli / Marceli Jan Sulimierski b. ca 1805, and Zofia Szołowska / Joanna Szolochowska.
Parents of above Marceli:
Jan Sulimierski and Magdalena Fundament-Krasicka.
Father of above Jan:
Jozef Sulimierski b. 1738, d. 1805 in Widawa + Franciszka Wierzchlejska / Wierzchlenska.
Parents of above Jozef:
Michal Sulimierski [son of Marianna Stokowska], and unknown wife.

Wanda Natalia Maria Walewska b. 1832 in Maslowice, was the daughter of
Napoleon Walewski b. 1802, owner of Pstrokonie, Wozniki, Swierzyna, Gorzuchow, Lisy, + Natalia Kreska d. ca 1833, the daughter of Florian KRESKI and Antonina Karsnicka.

Napoleon had a sibilings:

A.
Michal Walewski b. 1804, owner of Krzeslow (see Wola PSZCZOLECKA), Kurow, Wypychow, Podlesie, Dziuby, Stara Poczta,
B.
Justyna b. 1807,
C.
Karol Franciszek Salezy Walewski b. 1795, owner of Parzymiechy, + Marianna Radolinska, a daughter of Piotr RADOLINSKI and Tekla Lanckoronska.

Napoleon was the son of Ludwik Mikolaj WALEWSKI, 1754 - 1820, MP in 1776, + in 1784 to Martyna / Maksyma Wezyk, d. 1792 - owner of Kalinowa and Ligota, 1v. Andrzej Niemojowski, 2v. Ludwik Wezyk;

Ludwik Mikolaj WALEWSKI 2nd m. in April 1794 to Kalinowska Janina / Antonina Kalinowska of Lelow, the daughter of Ignacy KALINOWSKI and Justyna Borzecka.

Antonina Kalinowska Walewska was 2nd time married in 1822 in Swierzyny, to Mikolaj Jaksa Krobanowski, b. ca 1771.

Ludwik Mikolaj WALEWSKI, 1754 - 1820 had the sister Rozalia Walewska + Jakub Madalinski.

Ludwik Mikolaj was the son of Wojciech WALEWSKI died in 1757, owner of Pstrekonie / Pstrokonie, m. in 1730, to Teresa Laszowska.

Wojciech had a brother Karol WALEWSKI died ca 1757, owner of Ptaszkowice, Lichawa, Grabia, m. Brygida Galecka, the daughter of
Franciszek GALECKI and Ludwika Poniatowska
(BRYGIDA was 2nd married to Jan Radolinski).

Karol was the son of Stanislaw Franciszek WALEWSKI d. 1716, officer of Sieradz, owner of Pstrokonie, Wozniki, Swierzyna, Gronow, Ptaszkowice, Lichawa, Grabia, m. in 1694, to Marianna Rozalia Siemianowska, 2nd to Krystyna Rychlowska - Trzebicki (she was 3rd married to Jan Feliks Walewski).

Note to above:
Stefan Walewski + ZAPOLSKA had son
ZYGMUNT d. 1689 + Anna Gostynska,
and grandson - mentioned Stanislaw Franciszek b. ca 1670, died 1716 + Siemianowska, + Rychlowska; with two sons:
Wojciech Walewski d. 1757 + Teresa Laszowska;
and KAROL WALEWSKI d. 1757 + BRYGIDA GALECKA 2v. RADOLINSKA.

We back to the PSARSKIs:

B.

FRANCISZEK KSAWERY Psarski, 1691 - 1772, owner of Cieszanowice, Poradzew, Gawlowice, part of Biala, Unikow, Myslniew close to OSTRZESZOW; and of Szklarka; and m. Teresa Silnicka / Sielnicka in 1726. Teresa Sielnicka b. 1700.

Teresa had children, among others:
1.
Jan Kanty Psarski b. ca 1730/1740; owner of Wielgie and DYMKI [in Dymki also Kiedrzynski], m. Teodora / Honorata Pstrokonska b. 1730 [the Pstrokonskis were relative of Kiedrzynski], with
a. Tomasz Psarski, junior, m. Jablkowska;
b. Honorata Psarska 1770-1831 m. Jakub Madalinski 1775-1833.
2.
Jakub Fryderyk PSARSKI, born ca 1730, d. 1805, owner of Myslniew close to Ostrzeszow.
3.
Konstancja Psarska m. in 1784, to Franciszek Ksawery Walewski d. ca 1805, owner of Wola Wiazowa, the son of
Franciszek Walewski, 1710-1745, the Rozprza official + DAMBSKA, 1700-1740;
the grandson of Zygmunt Walewski 1656 - 1716 + Marianna Koniecpolska.
The great-grandson of
Franciszek Walewski b. ca 1625 + Katarzyna Maczynska;
and the great-great-grandson of
Jan Franciszek Walewski b. ca 1605 + Konstancja Bogumila Zapolska.

Compare -
Stefan Walewski b. ca 1605 + ZAPOLSKA who had the son ZYGMUNT, b. ca 1640, d. 1689 + Anna Gostynska.

Maybe Jan Franciszek Walewski, b. ca 1605, was the brother of named above Stefan Walewski, b. ca 1605.

Ksawery Franciszek Walewski b. 1739, d. 1796 or ca 1805.

4.
Wladyslaw Psarski b. ca 1725.

Note to above Aniela Stadnicka Mecinska:

Wojciech Mecinski (1760 - 1839 in Cracow), younger, owner of ZARKI, was a member of the Masonic lodge in 1813.
The son of Adam Albert Mecinski + Aniela Stadnicka.
ADAM's parents:
Wojciech Mecinski of Radom, 1691-1752 / 1754, older
[his grandfather was Wojciech Kazimierz Mecinski of Wielun, 1630-1670 or Kazimierz Jan Jozef Mecinski (1660 - 1703), of Radom, and Barbara Teofila Warszycka]
and Marianna Mecinska b. 1700 / 1710 [see below !].

Michal Mikolaj Mecinski [see below !] owner of Dzialoszyn, married Felicjanna Rudzka - daughter of Lukasz Rudzki, and Marianna Rzeczycka - with daughters:
Marianna and Anna.

Marianna Mecinska b. ca 1700 ? / 1710 !, m. Wojciech Mecinski (1691 - 1752 / 1754 in Czestochowa) older, officer in Radom, MP in 1736, Wielun in 1712, Ostrzeszow in 1717, the owner of Choruny, Domanowice, Ryczow, Kielczowice, Karlin, Bogdanow, Krezna, Wulka, Bobolice, Zaleze, Niegowonice, Mzurow, Mstyczow, Rodakow, Nowa Wies, Zimnowoda, Ogrodzieniec, Kleszczow,
Wola Krzysztoporska;

WOJCIECH Mecinski older was the son of Kazimierz Jan Jozef Mecinski (1660 - 1703), of Radom, and Barbara Teofila Warszycka.

BIEGANIN - 21 south-east-south to ORPISZEWEK; 18 south-east to DOBRZYCA:

In the autumn 1794, the conspirator Erazm Mycielski moved to the PLESZEW county:
in Wyszki - 17 km north-west to PLESZEW; 4 km north-west to KOTLIN; 11 km north to DOBRZYCA; 8 km north-west to ORPISZEWEK of Kiedrzynski !
And in
Magnuszewice - 4 km west to KOTLIN; 6 km north-west to Orpiszewek.

Lutynia in 1852,
Franciszka Izabela KURCEWSKA, a daughter of Kurcewski Dezydery and Pelagia Kurcewska;
witnesses: Teodor Kiedrzynski and Franciszka Kiedrzynska, b. ca 1820?

Lutynia - close to Pleszew and Dobrzyca by the Lutynia river; half way from PLESZEW to JAROCIN.
North-east of KROTOSZYN. Ca 1830, the owner - Jozefina Bogdanska.
Jozef Bogdanski aged 75, nobleman, was buried in Lutynia, at church in 1852, but he was died in Krotoszyn !

The GATKIEWICZ family and Rokossowski in the PAKOSLAW - KROTOSZYN region:

Pepowo in the Gostyn county, 16 km south-east of Gostyn, at half way from Gostyn to Krotoszyn, and east of Rokosowo!
In 1775 Zofja Rokossowska, wife of Klemens Karsznicki with her son Waclaw-Michal Karsznicki, together with Tomasz Rokossowski, the purpose of considering matters of inheritance after death of Marianna Rokossowska 1 voto Bogurska [Bogucka ?], 2nd voto Korytowska;
the estate was in Czeluscin close to PEPOWO, west of Krotoszyn [see Mielzynski and Merkel].

In 1772, Jakub Rokossowski, priest, a son of the widow of the deceased Karol Rokossowski;
mother nee Grodzicka, was an owner of Szczytniki; grandmother was nee Rokossowska - wife of Dankowski.

KAROLINA Gatkiewicz nee Korytowska was the daughter of Piotr Korytowski who died before 1783, and Ewa Franciszka Agnieszka nee Rokossowska;
Karolina was born in Pakoslaw {south of above Pepowo, 14 west of RAWICZ, south-west of KROTOSZYN, see Mielzynski and Sulkowski}, d. 1850
[Piotr KORYTOWSKI m. also to Weronika Tekla Bartoszewska, 1730 - 1756; above
Ewa Rokossowska Korytowska was married also to Bonawentura Wierusz Walknowski d. 1756].

Mikolaj Korytowski was the husband to Ewa Rokossowska [the 2nd; she was maried twice], the daughter of Karol Rokossowski and Marianna GRODZIECKA. Ewa Rokossowska Korytowska, the 2nd, was 2nd married to BONAWENTURA WALKNOWSKI / Bonawentura Wierusz Walknowski, d. 1756, who was the brother of OWIDIUSZ WALKNOWSKI [Owidiusz married Brygida Bardzka sec. voto Jakub Kiedrzynski]. Mentioned Bonawentura Wierusz-Walknowski b. 1720, was the son of Antoni WALKNOWSKI and Urszula Mielzynska !
Kalisz in 1776:
Jozef Wierusz Walknowski, b. ca 1720/1730, the son of Franciszek Walknowski, judge in KALISZ, and Marianna Bilinski, 1 voto;
named Jozef Walknowski was a nephew to above Antoni Walknowski b. ca 1680/1690 [Antoni and Franciszek Walknowski b. ca 1690 were brothers ?], the official in WIELUN, and his wife Urszula Mielzynski.
In KALISZ in 1750:
Bonawentura Wierusz Walknowski, the son of named Antoni Walknowski, the official in Wielun + Urszula Mielzynski; married Ewa Rokossowska, the daughter of Karol Rokossowski and Marianna Grodzicki.
Urszula MIELZYNSKA b. 1689 + Antoni Walknowski b. 1680.
With sons - OWIDIUSZ Walknowski;
Bonawentura Wierusz-Walknowski; and
Franciszek Wierusz-Walknowski.
Urszula d. ca 1743, Wierusz-Walknowska born Mielzynska, had also a daughters
Katarzyna Sokolnicka born Wierusz-Walknowska
and Franciszka Bogucka nee Walknowska.
Urszula born Mielzynska in 1689, to Maciej Mielzynski and Katarzyna Anna Mielzynska born Mycielska.
Maciej MIELZYNSKI was born on August 31, 1636, in Niegolewo. Katarzyna was born ca 1655. Urszula had 5 siblings: Franciszek Walenty Mielzynski, Krzysztof Mielzynski, and others.
BRYGIDA BARDZKA was the daughter of Wojciech Marek Bardzki d. 1770;
she was married two times:
to Owidiusz Walknowski and
to Jakub Kiedrzynski.
Brygida Bardzka married 1st to Owidiusz Wierusz Walknowski, before 1761, 2nd to Jakub Kiedrzynski junior, in 1767.
Jakub Kiedrzynski from Kalisz, born in WILCZKOW, was the son of Andrzej Kiedrzynski born ca 1715/1720, was the owner of Orpiszewek [Jakub was born in 1738 in WILCZKOW in the GLUCHOW parish; died in 1798].
Above JAKUB Kiedrzynski, and Antoni Psarski in 1792 [Antoni PSARSKI m. Lucja Czekulin] were next of kin to the Madalinski family.
BRYGIDA's father Wojciech Marek Bardzki, 1699-1770, mother Helena Teresa Kozminska, 1706-1792.
Brygida Bardzka Walknowska + JAKUB Kiedrzynski had two daughters:
1. Juliana Konstancja Kiedrzynska ARNOLD, b. 1770 / 1772-1811;
2. and Petronela Kiedrzynska - more on 'ZWIAZEK LECHITOW'. Above PETRONELA KIEDRZYNSKA married to Melchior Jan Pradzynski.

Kiedrzynski, Jakub, died on 4 February 1798. His wife Brygida Bardzka - marriage in 1767, died in 1786 [her 1st husband Owidiusz Wierusz Walknowski
with children:
Franciszek Wierusz Walknowski, junior, b. 1769;
and Teresa Wierusz Walknowska.
OWIDIUSZ'S brother - Franciszek Wierusz-Walknowski, senior, b. ca 1710, official in Kalisz, died in 1778 or in 1783.
Inf. about named Franciszek: in 1769, Jozef Wierusz Walknowski, the son of Franciszek, official in Kalisz, a court case of Bieczyny - close to Koscian and 7 km north to Czempin.
BIECZYNY - with Srocko Wielkie, belonged to Kwilecki in 1846.

Jan Nepomucen Ksawery Nostitz-Jackowski, born 1770, was the son of Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski, b. ca 1729, d. in 1802 in the Nogat river;
and the grandson of MICHAL and Eleonora Nostitz-Jackowska nee Dabrowska.

Aleksander was married to Marcianna Nostitz KCZEWSKA
[Marianna nee Kczewska / Marcianna Antonie Barbara Nostitz-Jackowska, born in Straszewo - wife of Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski.
Marcianna was the sister of Bogumila Marianna Kalkstein nee Kczewska, 1731 - 1773, the daughter of Andrzej Kczewski and Marianna. Bogumila was the wife of Jakub Kalkstein, ca 1730 - 1765, the son of Jadwiga nee RUTKOWSKA],
Jan Nepomucen von Nostitz-Jackowski married 1st to Anna TUCHOLKA, the 2nd to Petronela nee Drywa-Zakrzewska, b. 1776,
the daughter of
Franciszek Ksawery Antoni Drywa Zakrzewski, 1755 - 1820;
the granddaughter of
Jan Drywa Zakrzewski, b. ca 1725, and Konstancja KONOJADZKA;
the great-granddaughter of
Jakub Zakrzewski or Szymon Drywa Zakrzewski, born bef. 1700.

Maybe JAKUB ZAKRZEWSKI was the son of Andrzej ZAKRZEWSKI [b. ca 1670/1675 - 1738, the governor of SANTOK in the Great Poland] before his wedding to Franciszka Mielzynska, 1677 - 1764 [marriage ca 1699; she died in PAKOSLAW].

Andrzej's son was Maciej Wyssogota-Zakrzewski, 1700-1761;
and the grandson - Waclaw Zakrzewski, the governor of Naklo (1787-1793), MP, 1738-1813.
And the sister of named WACLAW ZAKRZEWSKI was Krystyna Wyssogota-Zakrzewska, b. bef. 1750,
m. 1st to Jakub Rozdrazewski, the Rogozno governor, b. ca 1730,
m. 2nd to Felicjan WIERZCHLEYSKI;
with the daughter
Teresa Rozdrazewska, 1763-1817, m. Ludwik Bogdanski, 1752-1824.

Note to above TERESA BOGDANSKA:
Dorota Psarska nee Kiedrzynska, m. 3rd to Kajetan Madalinski, 1740 - 1784,
with son Jozef MADALINSKI, b. 1774, died after 1809, Captain in 1809. Jozef Madalinski / Jozef Wawrzyniec Kajetan MADALINSKI born 1774, owner of Kraszyn [4 km north-west to Chodaki] and Chodaki [14/15 km south to Poddebice],
m. to Julianna nee Bogdanska married Kiedrzynska, 1770-1809, 1st voto JAKUB Kiedrzynski [?!] (born 1738).
Julianna Bogdanska was the sister of Ludwik Bogdanski b. 1752.
Julianna Madalinska d. in Orpiszew / Orpiszewko in 1809 (Orpiszewko was belonged to the Kiedrzynskis).
Julianna and Ludwik Bogdanski were the children of
Andrzej Bogdanski, the judge of Kalisz, 1720-1791. Andrzej Bogdanski married Elzbieta Malachowska, 1730-1791.

Julianna's brother - Ludwik Bogdanski [the son of Elzbieta Malachowska married Bogdanska - clerk in Kalisz (in 1787), 1752-1824] married Teresa Rozdrazewska [1763 - 1817,
the daughter of Jakub Rozdrazewski, the Rogozno governor],
1 voto Jakub Kiedrzynski born 1738.

JAKUB Kiedrzynski from Kalisz, born in WILCZKOW, was the son of Andrzej Kiedrzynski.
Andrzej Kiedrzynski born ca 1715/1720 married to Franciszka Nostitz-Jackowska.

JAKUB was the owner of Orpiszewek [Jakub was born in 1738 in WILCZKOW in the GLUCHOW parish; died in 1798] close to PLESZEW.

Salomea Kiedrzynska, 1796 - 1841 in Rozprza, was the daughter of named Julianna nee Bogdanska married Kiedrzynska, 1770-1809, 1st voto JAKUB Kiedrzynski.
SALOMEA married to Tomasz Strzelecki, 1790 - 1855 in Lochynsko, the son of
Jan Strzelecki and Teresa Tomicka.

Mentioned Teresa Rozdrazewska, 1763-1817, married BOGDANSKA,
was the daughter of
Jakub Rozdrazewski, the Rogozno official, b. ca 1730 + Krystyna Zakrzewska, b. ca 1744;
and the granddaughter of
Franciszek Rozdrazewski, the Rogozno official, 1690-1744;
Ludwika Miaskowska, 1680-1761;
Maciej Zakrzewski, 1700-1761;
Teresa Wyssogota-Zakrzewska, b. ca 1720.

And the great-granddaughter of
Andrzej ZAKRZEWSKI [b. ca 1670/1675 - 1738, the governor of SANTOK in the Great Poland] and Franciszka Mielzynska, 1677 - 1764 [marriage ca 1699; she died in PAKOSLAW].
and of
Waclaw Wyssogota-Zakrzewski, b. ca 1680 [Waclaw Zakrzewski was the son of Karol ZAKRZEWSKI b. ca 1650, and Marianna Lempicka];
Krystyna Julianna Marszewska, 1685-1761;

Jan Franciszek Rozdrazewski, b. 1650, official in MIEDZYRZECZ.

And the great-great-granddaughter of
Aleksander Zakrzewski, b. ca 1640, d. bef. 1700;
and Marianna Suchorzewska.
Teresa Baranowska, died in 1682 + Maciej Mielzynski, b. in 1636, Niegolewo and he died in April 1697 in Goscieszyn.

Note to named Jan Franciszek Rozdrazewski b. 1650:

Bieganin was the land of Andrzej Kiedrzynski b. ca 1715/1720: 9 km north-east to RASZKOW; 19 km south to PLESZEW, who was married to Franciszka NOSTITZ-Jackowska.
Andrzej was the son of Jan Kiedrzynski [Jan b. ca 1670/1680, in Kiedrzyn, north of Czestochowa].
Ca 1750, in Bieganin [close to RASZKOW - parish, and Skrzebowa] was living Katarzyna nee Newlinski, married Smolewicz, widowed after death of Stanislaw Smolewicz, and Franciszka Newlinska, her sister, both daughters of
Mikolaj Newlinski [b. 1674 ?] and his wife Elzbieta KIEDRZYNSKA [Elzbieta was the sister to Jan Kiedrzynski, b. ca 1670/1680], next of kin to mentioned Andrzej Kiedrzynski, b. ca 1715/1720; Elzbieta Newlinska Kiedrzynska was living here 15 years or more - ca before 1733, was bpt. here [Elzbieta's mother was from the Raszkow parish ?] and she was buried in the Raszkow parish.

Above Jan Kiedrzynski, b. ca 1670/1680, was the brother of Adam Kiedrzynski - inf. 1704 from the Poznan province.
ADAM KIEDRZYNSKI married 1st to Elzbieta Myszkowska, b. ca 1685 - d. before 1724.
Her sister:
Jadwiga Myszkowska m. 1st to Stefan Golygowski / Golyglowski / Goligowski, the owner of Pomiany and Wodzicze.
Named Adam Kiedrzynski was born ca 1680, died ca 1723, married 2nd time to Eleonora Rozdrazewska / Rozdrazewski; ie. Adam-Stefan Kiedrzynski / Adam Stefan Kiedrzynski / Adam Kiedrzynski was husband of Eleonora Rozdrazewska b. ca 1683.

Eleonora Rozdrazewska was a daughter of
Jan Franciszek Rozdrazewski b. 1650, the Miedzyrzecz official, and Filipina Heister;
Eleonora was the granddaughter of
Jakub Rozdrazewski, 1621 - 1662, and Katarzyna Opalinska, 1637 - 1680/1681.

Explanation:

Gottfried Heister (1609-1679), Vicepresident of the Hofkriegsrat, or Aulic War Council / the Imperial War Council, the central military administrative authority of the Habsburg Monarchy.
Married two times:
1st to Maria Anna of Virmond;
2nd to Catharina von Dahl, Baroness von Heister und Solstett.
Gottfried Heister / Godfryd de Heister, 1609 - 1679, married Anna Katarzyna de Dahl, that is Catharina von Dahl, Baroness von Heister und Solstett, born ca 1615, with children:
1.
Hannibal Joseph von Heister, Count, died in 1719 + Sibylla Christina von Wied, Css von Heister; he was born ca 1650 in Neuwied, Rheinland;
2.
FILIPINA de HEISTER / Hiester / Philippine de Heister, b. ca 1650, m. JAN Rozdrazewski who was in 1683-1685 official in Miedzyrzecz;
with sons:
Karol Rozdrazewski of Gogolew, b. 1670, and
Franciszek Rozdrazewski, [bef.] 1690-1744.
3.
Named Maria Anna of VIRMOND had the son Sigbert Graf Heister, b. in Kirchberg an der Raab, in 1646, an Imperial Field marshal, who was the son of her husband - Gottfried Heister (1609 - 1679), Vicepresident of the Hofkriegsrat. Sigbert fought in 1665 against the Turks, and later against the French Army.

Jakub ZAKRZEWSKI or Szymon Zakrzewski, b. bef. 1700, was the father of
Anna Aubracht Pradzinska / Anna PRADZYNSKA b. in Zychce, close to Konarzyny, the Chojnice district [21 km north-west of Chojnice], ca 1725;
Marianna Chamier Trzebiatowska;
Stanislaw Drywa Zakrzewski;
Jan Drywa Zakrzewski;
and Ignacy Drywa Zakrzewski.
Brother of Stanislaw Drywa Zakrzewski b. ca 1700 + BIALOBLOCKA.


And now we back to Wilkowo Polskie of Szoldrski [+ Adam Poninski, older and junior] and of Zamoyska-Kiedrzynska, and to Stary BIALCZ of Izabela RADOMICKA, m. in 1731 to Izydor Zakrzewski from Pakoslaw [b. ca 1710], east to Rawicz.

Ignacy Wyssogota Zakrzewski b. 1745 in Stary Bialcz [not in Pakoslaw] and died in 1802 in Zelechow, the first President of Warsaw, the Poznan official in 1790-1795, 1787-1790, and in 1786-1787, MP, the Freemason, was the son of
Izydor Zakrzewski [b. ca 1710], the SANTOK governor, and Izabella Radomicka, the daughter of Wladyslaw Radomicki, the Poznan governor.
Stary Bialcz is situated north to Smigiel.
Izydor Zakrzewski [b. ca 1710], the SANTOK governor, m. Izabella Radomicka, the daughter of Wladyslaw Radomicki, the Poznan governor. Izydor Zakrzewski [b. ca 1705/1715 - died bef. 1775]
was the son of
Andrzej ZAKRZEWSKI [b. ca 1670/1675 - 1738, the governor of SANTOK in the Great Poland] and Franciszka Mielzynska, 1677 - 1764 [marriage ca 1699; she died in PAKOSLAW].
The grandson of
Aleksander Zakrzewski, b. ca 1640, d. bef. 1700;
and Marianna Suchorzewska;
Teresa Baranowska, died in 1682 +
Maciej Mielzynski, b. in 1636, Niegolewo and he died in April 1697 in Goscieszyn.

Jozef Blizinski came with his parents to the cousin's family in CHOCEN:
Konstancja [died in 1840] and Ignacy Zakrzewski [died in 1802], the owners of Chocen and Bodzanowka / Bodzanowo (before 1842).

We back to
Tomasz Bogumil Swiatopelk - Mirski, 1788, d. 1868, m. Marcianna / Marianna Nostitz-Jackowska [net to my family Kiedrzynski].
Marianna was the daughter of
Jan Nepomucen married 2nd to Petronela nee Drywa-Zakrzewska in 1804, born 1776 / 1780.
Jan Nepomucen Ksawery Nostitz-Jackowski was the son of
Marianna Kczewski / Marcianna Antonie Barbara Nostitz-Jackowska Kczewska, born in Straszewo - Marianna KCZEWSKI was daughter of
Andrzej Kczewski and Marianna;
wife of Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski.

Aleksander Jackowski was born in 1729 ie. Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski, ca 1729 - 1802 in the Nogat river close to Malbork.

The son of Michal Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1705, d. ca 1766.

The grandson of Jan Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1670 [Jan's daughters married to Skorzewski and Kiedrzynski {Andrzej Kiedrzynski, b. ca 1715/1720, my family line}].

ROKOSOWO is situated south-west of GOSTYN.

Alojzy Paulin Gatkiewicz, b. 1800 - d. 1852 in Wola Pszczolecka [here was my family], was son of Tomasz Ignacy Gatkiewicz
[Tomasz GATKIEWICZ was a son of officer of Dyneburg who was b. before 1750, + mother who died in Kwaskow in 1824 and Tomasz was brother of Wiktoria Gatkiewicz b. after 1765-1838],
1766-1837 + Karolina Korytowska, b. 1760 - died in 1850 in Kwaskow / Kwaskowo - ca 4 km east of Blaszki
[Wrzaca south of BLASZKI and above Kwaskowo were in the same estate].

Alojzy Paulin Gatkiewicz was married in 1827, in Sosnica to Franciszka Chlapowska 1800-1836, the daughter of Ludwik Chlapowski 1768-1831 and Tekla Sokolnicka, 1776-1848,
with a daughter Klementyna Karolina Tekla GATKIEWICZ, b. ca 1827, m. Cezary Wawrzyniec Ignacy Gatkiewicz b. ca 1820,
with a son Alojzy Wincenty Jozef Gatkiewicz, b. ca 1850 + Jozefa Bialecka.

Above Sosnica - 7 km west of Dobrzyca, south-west of Pleszew, north-east of Krotoszyn
[see Merkel, Bilewicz, Mielzynski].

Sosnica was the estate of Michal Chlapowski.

WLADYSLAW Sokolowski, b. 1836, was the member of the Agricultural Society of the Kingdom of Poland in 1861 - with Wolowski, Szymanowski and Leopold Kronenberg.
Wladyslaw Sokolowski lived in Biejkowska Wola by the PILICA river, south to GROJEC. 1880 - Sokolowski Wladyslaw was the owner of Bedziechow, from hands of KIEDRZYNSKI.
His parents:
Walenty Sokolowski b. ca 1799 - Juchnowiec Koscielny, 21 km south of Bialystok; studied in Warsaw, died in 1851 - Warsaw, married in WARSAW in 1830 to Eufrozyna Katarzyna Cissowska b. ca 1811 - Radomin, east of GOLUB DOBRZYN, d. 1851.
We know on
Franciszka Duszynska born Sokolowska in 1784, to Michal Sokolowski and Katarzyna Fidorow;
Michal was born in 1735, in Ostrow Mazowiecka. Franciszka had one brother Walenty Sokolowski
[compare:
Wladyslaw Ignacy Sokolowski, b. 1836 - Warszawa, was the son of Walenty Sokolowski born in 1799. Walenty b. 1799 maybe was the son of
KAZIMIERZ SOKOLOWSKI b. ca 1750 + Magdalena Mieroslawska b. 1769, d. 1829,
the daughter of Antoni Mieroslawski b. ca 1740, d. 1797, the official in Inowroclaw, and in Kruszwica, the judge in Inowroclaw, the Royal Court official + 1st wife Marianna Radonska b. ca 1745, d. 1775, + he married bef. 1779 2nd to Ksawera Franciszka Uminska].

Franciszka SOKOLOWSKA married Mateusz Duszynski b. 1788, in Dobrzyca, POLAND.
Franciszka married 2nd to Franciszek Brzostek in 1803, born in 1775, in Ostrow Mazowiecka.

The Ciesielski family, Trampczynski and Kiedrzynski were relatives:

Jozef Kiedrzynski born ca 1848.
Janina Ciesielska 1921 - 2006, was a granddaughter of Jozef Ciesielski b. 1871, in Jezyce, d. 1929 in Tomislawice; Janina was the great-granddaughter of
Franciszek Ciesielski b. ca 1839, d. 1906, in Trzebuchow +
Bibianna Dembinska, marriage in 1866 in Dobrzyca;
Franciszek was working in Sosnica close to Dobrzyca; Franciszek's father was Wojciech Ciesielski b. ca 1805, d. ca 1887, m. in 1825 to Malgorzata Bieganska.

Above named Dobrzyca, 18 km west of PLESZEW; north-east of Krotoszyn and west of GOSTYN.

Jozef Dembinski from Sieroszewice [14 km east of Ostrow Wielkopolski, north of OSTRZESZOW], b. 1821, son of Wojciech Dembinski + Konstancja nee Kiedrzynska [b. ca 1790/1800 ?],
m. in 1844 in Gorzyczki to Zuzanna Lawicka.

Nepomucen Dembinski b. 1823, brother of above Jozef DEMBINSKI, m. in 1843 in Dobrzyca, to Anastazja Szukalska, b. 1818 in Dobrzyca, with daughter Bibianne Dembinska / Bibianna DEMBINSKA Ciesielska, above named.

Kotlow in 1820, inf. on Juljanna Kiedrzynska from KOTLOW,
godmother - Rozalja nee Szeliski, Wiesiolowska owner of Strzyzew; Jozef Wiesiolowski of Strzyzew, and Marjanna Kaszynska of Nowolepsze; Mikolaj Garlicki of Nowolepsze.

KOTLOW, 1818 - inf. on Juljanna Kiedrzynska, Mss of Kotlow [JULIANNA b. ca 1800]; Kotlow - 18 km north of OSTRZESZOW [south to Kalisz].
In 1844, Gorzyczki, Jozef Dembinski of Sieroszewice, b. ca 1820/1821, son of Wojciech DEMBINSKI, and Konstancja Kiedrzynski [b. ca 1795 ??], married to Zuzanna widow from Gorzyczki, b. ca 1806, a daughter of Jan and Agnieszka Lawicki.

Jan MYCIELSKI, a lieutenant of the royal army and Domicella Horodynski had the son Aleksander Mycielski, born before 1723 - died in 1818
[died in Wyszki {Aleksander was living in Wyszki in 1790-1818}, close to KOTLIN {at half way from PLESZEW to Jarocin} and south-east to JAROCIN, and 10 km north to Dobrzyca; 9 km north-west to ORPISZEWEK of the Kiedrzynskis],
the Crown Army lieutenant general in 1791 [in 1778 - General major], envoy, MP in 1780 of the Poznan province; very close to Jozef Aleksander Sulkowski, b. 1695, of RYDZYNA.
But Franciszek Sulkowski b. 1733 in Dresden, was in January 1776 established a treasurer, collector, and administrator of the Polish Priory [Maltese Order], and from October became the superior of the commandery of Saint John the Baptist [Maltese Order], from hands of the Grand Master of the Order of Malta, ie. Emmanuel Marie des Neiges de Rohan-Polduc, b. 1725, in la Mancha, Spain; the 70th Prince and Grand Master of the Order of St. John from 1775 to 1797 [in 1797 the Maltese Order in Russia].
Franciszek Sulkowski did not join to Rydzyna estate, created by his brother August Kazimierz Sulkowski, b. 1729 in Dresden.
ANTONI Sulkowski b. 1735 {the member of the Malta Order}, Franciszek Sulkowski {the Maltese Order} and August Sulkowski were the sons of named Aleksander Jozef Sulkowski b. 1695 + Maria Franciszka Stein zu Jettingen.

Mentioned Aleksander Mycielski, b. bef. 1723, served in 1758 - 1771 in Kamieniec Podolski; and had the son, Erazm Mycielski b. 1769 in Kamieniec Podolski, died 1800 Kalisz, Colonel in 1794
- a top CONSPIRATOR [see: Bardzki and Kiedrzynski].

Madalinski Aleksander, the owner of Raczkow and Upuszczow, m. 1725 to Barbara Walknowska - Walichnowska,
with children:
A. Kontancja Madalinska, m. in 1757 to Dominik Zelislawski, 2nd time married to Maksymilian Pradzynski, the son of Michal Pradzynski and Teresa Malachowska;
B. Kajetan Madalinski, d. ca 1784, the owner of Raczkow and Upuszczow, m. Dorota Kiedrzynska, the daughter of Andrzej KIEDRZYNSKI, and Franciszka Jackowska;
Dorota Madalinska was the owner of Wola Dzierlinska;
children of Kajetan Madalinski:
1. Michal Stanislaw Kostka b. 1776,
2. Anna;
3. Julianna b. 1775,
4. Waleria Jozefa b. 1778;
5. Jozef Wawrzyniec Kajetan Madalinski, b. 1774, Captain, owner of Kraszyn and Chodaki, m. Julianna Bogdanska, 1 voto Jakub Kiedrzynski;
with children:
a) Kunegunda b. ca 1809 in Orpiszewek (of the Kiedrzynskis), m. 1835 in Restarzew, to Grzegorz Chrzanowski b. ca 1784, son of Jozef CHRZANOWSKI;
b) Sebastian Fabian Madalinski;

6. Jakub Hiacynt Madalinski b. 1775, m. Honorata Psarska daughter of Jan Kanty Psarski;
with children:
a) Anna Madalinska, b. 1797, m. in 1821 to Jozef Julian Walewski, the son of Andrzej WALEWSKI and Antonina Czartkowska, owner of Wola Balucka; she m. 2nd to (??) Jan Kanty Psarski, owner of Wielgie,
b) Eliza 1800-29, m. Grzegorz Chrzanowski,
c) Pulcheria Anna Magdalena b. 1795 in Parcice,
d) Ludwik Jozef Augustyn Madalinski, b. ca 1803, d. 1854, the landowner of Koscielec and Madalinow, m. in 1829 in Restarzew, to Pelagia Krystyna Jozefa Wegierska, b. ca 1810, the daughter of Petronela nee Psarska, Wegierska;
with son
Stanislaw Madalinski, b. ca 1835, lived Iwanowice, m. in 1857 in Biala, to Felicja Malgorzata Sylwestra Szeliga Potocka, b. ca 1838 in Stypuly.

Above Jozef Madalinski in 1809, as Captain, a husband of Julianna Bogdanski, 1 voto Kiedrzynska; she died in Orpiszewek in 1809 - the Lutynia parish [Orpiszewek - not Orpiszew - 3 km north-east to Lutynia; Lutynia - 5 km north-east ot DOBRZYCA, 6 km south to Kotlin].

The Templar Order of Scotland in 1689 and the Grand Master, Philippe, Duke of Orleans in 1705 in France.

St Petersburg of Peter the Great, Robert Erskine in 1706 and James Francis Edward Keith [he came from the 4th Earl of Perth, Sir James Drummond b. 1648, died in France, Saint-Germain-en-Laye in 1716]; Russian intelligence net in 1741-2015; Malta and Master Manuel Pinto + Althotas, Carsten Niebuhr in 1761-1767, and Cagliostro in 1778-1781 - Louis-Cesar-Constantin de Rohan the Knight of Malta before 1713.

In 1650, Earl William Sinclair was killed at the Battle of Dunbar.

In 1689, "James Grahame of Claverhouse, Viscount Dundee, died at the battle of Killiecrankie wearing the Grand Cross of the Order". Acc. to me - James Graham, d. 1689, but not in 1684.

The title of Count Graham of Belford was created in the Great Britain in 1722. The Baron Graham of Belford - in the Great Britain in 1722. Robert Graham, Master of Montrose, born in 1521. James Graham, 5th Earl of Montrose (1612-1650) became Marquess of Montrose in 1644.
James Graham, 2nd Marquess of Montrose (1633-1669), was the second son of the 1st Marquess.
James Graham, 3rd Marquess of Montrose (1657-1684/1689 !), only son of the 2nd Marquess.
James Graham, 4th Marquess of Montrose (1682-1742) became Duke of Montrose in 1707 = James Graham, 1st Duke and 4th Marquess of Montrose, was a Scottish aristocratic statesman; he was the only son of James Graham, 3rd Marquess of Montrose and Lady Christian Leslie.

"The Order didn't dissolve, it only drew back from public view and its next operation remained hidden for more than a hundred years mainly because it became purely Templar again. This secret functioning had not been compromised until 1689 when John Graham of Claverhouse [ie. James GRAHAM] known as 'Bonnie Dundee' was killed in the battle of Killiecrankie. The cross of the Order (Pectoral) was been found under the breast plate of Bonnie Dundee's armour. Graham of Claverhouse was a Grand master of a Jakobite 'Convent' of Templars in the area of Montrose under the authority of Dom Calvet. After his Dom Calvet's death, the office passed on Mar [John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1675-1732) Scottish Jacobite] and subsequently on Atholl".
Copyright by Templar Church in 2014; and The Autonomous Grand Priory of Scotland.

"However there is clear documentary evidence of famous Knight Templars in Scottish history particularly within the Christian Jacobite movement: these include James of Claverhouse (Bonnie Dundee), the Grand Prior of Scotland who was murdered by a Unionist assassin at the Battle of Killiecrankie in 1689 - he was succeeded in his post by John, The Earl of Mar as Regent
[John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1675-1732) Scottish Jacobite, was the eldest son of Charles, Earl of Mar, b. 1650, d. 1689, the 22nd earl (in the 1st creation) and the 5th earl (in the 7th). He raised the 21st Regiment of Foot in 1679. Charles was the son of John Erskine, 21st / 4th Earl of Mar, b. 1605]".
Copyright by 'rosslyntemplars.org'.
Also Charles Edward Stuart, who held a meeting on the evening of the 24/9/1745 with the Knight Templars in Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh. These same Templars installed Charles Edward Stuart as the Sovereign Grand Master of Scotland that very night when the Prestonpans victory having just been won on the 22/9/1745
[on 21 September 1745, Charles Edward Stuart defeated the only government army in Scotland at the Battle of Prestonpans].

John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1675-1732),
in 1729 went to Aix-la-Chapelle, then France, but now Aachen, near Koln. Scottish Jacobite, was the eldest son of Charles, Earl of Mar (who died in 1689).
They came from Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar and Anne Drummond. Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, was born in 1556 in Stirling.

In 1705, General Statutes was published and Election Charter edited [of Templars]. And Robert Erskine was moved to Russia in 1706.

Philippe, Duke of Orleans, was elected the Grand Master of the Templar Order in 1705. He had convened a General Convent at Versailles in 1705. It was during the course of this Convent that the General Statutes were presented.
Philippe, Duke of Orleans, elected Grand Master of the Templar Order, was later also Regent of France. The Charter was suggested it was the work of a Jesuit named Father Bonani, who assisted Philippe II, Duke of Orleans in 1705 to fabricate the document, to re-establish the 'Societe d'Aloyau' (Society of the Sirloin), who claimed to be a continuation of the Knights Templar, and also with the Order of Christ in Portugal. This Order was dissolved in 1792 during the French Revolution by the death of its Grand Master.
Philippe II, Duke of Orleans / Philippe Charles, b. 1674, d. 1723, was a son of Louis XIV's younger brother Philippe I, Duke of Orleans. In 1692, Philippe married his first cousin, Francoise Marie de Bourbon.
His daughter Marie Louise Elisabeth d'Orleans b. 1695, married Charles of France, Duke of Berry.
By Florence Pellegrin, dite la Florence, a dancer at the Opera House, he had a son Charles de Saint-Albin, Archbishop of Cambrai, legitimized in 1706, 1698 - 1764, known as Louis Charles de Saint-Albin.

In 1737, "Templar Knight, Andrew Michael Ramsay, Prince Charles Edward Stuart's tutor, held a public speech in Paris. In his speech, he claimed that Freemasonry had spread among the Crusaders and that they had founded the Lodge of St John. Knight Ramsay was a Scott born in Ayr near Kilwinning".

"Another famous Templar was the Duke of Montrose, a Protestant who kept his Templar Oath of Religious Freedom for all, this at the cost of his own life, in opposing John Knox and other Unionist Quislings".

The Duke of Montrose survived quite well until he directly opposed the infamous John Knox at his own peril and perished as a result. In St Petersburg as Robert Belford, Count!

The title of Count Graham of Belford was created in the Great Britain in 1722. The Baron Graham of Belford - in the Great Britain in 1722.

Andrew Michael Ramsay b. 1681, in Ayr, but in 1695-1698 moved to Edinburgh.
He was a tutor to the children of the 4th EARL of WEMYSS in FIFE until 1706. He was Presbyterian-Calvinist, became attracted to the mysticism of Quietism, and Episcopalian church.
He was a member of the PHILADELPHIANS with GNOSTICISM ideas.
In 1706 he studied under Nicholas Fatio de DUILLIER; traveled to NETHERLANDS ca 1708, when France-Spain fought against England-Austria;
in 1710 under command of the English Army;
visited Pierre POIRET at RIJNSBURG, close to FENELON, Archbishop of CAMBRAI. In 1711-1715 RAMSAY went to stay in Femelon's house in CAMBRAI like Catholic. In 1717 RAMSAY was in BLOIS.
In 1718 - 1722, he was the tutor of the Comte de SASSENAGE in Paris and made the acquaintance of JACOBITE exiles from Scotland and Ireland, amongst these the Earl of DERWENTWATER.
Ramsay was writing letters to James Francis Edward STUART.

RAMSAY is famous for his 'Oration' in 1737 on the TEMPLAR origins of Freemasonry. ORATION was the cause of the condemnation of Freemasonry by the Roman Catholic Church. "The Stuarts in the 17th century made an effort to revive the Order of St. John and the Temple, THEN OF MALTA, and a North Convent seems to have existed about MONTROSE, and it is alleged, on the authority of DOM CALMET, that VISCOUNT DUNDEE was Grand Master of 'the Order of Templars' in SCOTLAND...".

Ramsay was born as a Calvinist, he became involved in unconventional religious groups untill finally converting to Roman Catholicism
[inf. by Martin I. McGregor in 2007].
He was a staunch Jacobite. Top figure in the French Freemasonry. The originator of the ECOSSAISE or Scottish 'higher' degrees including the KNIGHTS TEMPLAR and ROYAL ARCH, with also the Scottish RITE.
Ramsay was the member of the LOUIS L'ARGENT Lodge [formed after 1727], as Orator [Ramsay back to Paris in 1730]. He was the originator of the HIGHER TEMPLAR degrees of the Freemasonry, after 1736/1737, by 1740. Rite of Clermont had 3 higher degrees in 1754.

In 1722 Ramsay talked over tax on the assets of Jacobite exiles propose by the British Government. Ramsay acted together with:
Carteret;
"JOHN ERSKINE the DUKE of MAR";
General DILLON;
the Duke of Charost;
de Gramont;
and the Marquis de FENELON.

James Francis Stuart exiled in Rome, later in January 1723 invited Ramsay to tutor his only three years old son CHARLES EDWARD STUART in Rome. 1723 - Ramsay was knighted a Chevalier of St. Lazarus and he was granted a patent of nobility by JAMES FRANCIS STUART.
His mother's side came from House of MAR.
In November 1723 Ramsay back to PARIS, but published a book in LONDON. He received from the future KING GEORGE II invitation to tutor the young DUKE of Cumberland!
1725-1728 Ramsay was the guest of the Duc de SULLY. And was a member of the gentleman's CLUB de L'ENTRESOL.
1728 - Ramsay was in London, Scotland, to DUKE of ARGYLL at INVERARY; in 1729 to London to MONTESQUIEU, and both were elected Fellow of the ROYAL SOCIETY.
In March 1729 Ramsay was made a Freemason, at the Horn Lodge in Westminster, under the Duke of Richmond, Master.
Together with Marquis of Beaumont; Earl Kerr; were members of the Ancient Society of Free and Accepted Masons.
In 1730 he was a member of Club in SPALDING with Newton and A. Pope, and with Freemason Dr. JOHN DESAGULIERS.
1730 - in Oxford. In July 1730 returned to Paris to Comte d'EVREUX closest ot Jacobite Court. Next Ramsay was tutor to Prince of Turenne until 1741.
In 1735 Ramsay married Marie Nairne the daughter of Sir David Nairne, undersecretary to JAMES EDWARD STUART who awarded Ramsay the title of Baronet.

Ramsay was the Grand Orator of the French Freemasonry. The first Lodge was formed in Paris in 1725 by CHARLES RADCLIFFE the Earl of DERWENTWATER, who was a Jacobite exile and closest to JAMES FRANCIS STUART. Radcliffe acted together with Maskelyne and D'Henguelty.
The secon Lodge St. Thomas formed in 1726 by an English lapidary, GOUSTAND = JOHN COUSTOS, who went to Spain and was arrested.
IRISH supporters of JAMES II in 1688, formed Lodge in the Palace of SAINT GERMAINE, Jame's Stuart headquarters.
Maybe the first Lodge was in DUNKIRK in 1721 under Grand Lodge of England. In 1738 were three lodges warranted by the Grand Lodge of England.
In 1743 in France under the COMTE de CLERMONT, Prince of the Royal Blood, founded Grand Lodge ANGLAISE DE FRANCE.

Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (1720 - 1788), the Pretender, was Grand Master of the TEMPLAR Order, under the title of 'EQUES A SOLE AUREO', from 1743, until his death in 1788.
After escaping from Scotland in 1745, there were two secret Great Masters of the Templar Order. One resided in Paris until 1788 [Charles Edward Stuart].
The second was in St Petersburg until 1765 [Count Belford ie. The Duke of Montrose = Count Belford / Earl = Robert Belford, Count, 'Eques a Sole aureo', died in Russia in 1765 but born ca 1704 or in 1706 = Lord Belford].

Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (1720 - 1788), was the second Jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Scotland, France and Ireland (as Charles III).
In 1742, Lord Kilmarnock and other exiled Stuart participants received Karl Gotthelf, Baron Von Hund into the Order of the Temple in Paris showing the Jacobite Templar link still existed; and in 1745, Prince Charles Edward Stuart given a gala meeting for the Chivalry of the Order in Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh.

Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (1720 - 1788) was the elder son of James Francis Edward Stuart

[+ Maria Clementina Sobieska, the granddaughter of John III Sobieski],

the grandson of James II = VII

[above James Francis Edward Stuart b. 1688, nicknamed The Old Pretender, was the son of King James II and VII of England, Scotland and Ireland, and his second wife, Mary of Modena. Above James II of England / VII of Scotland, b. 1633, King of Scots, King of England, and King of Ireland in 1685. His father was Charles I, b. 1600, King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland in 1625 until his execution in 1649.
Charles was born into the House of Stuart as the second son of King James VI of Scotland, ie. James VI and I / James Charles Stuart, b. 1566, King of Scotland as James VI in 1567. The grandfather was Henry Stuart (or Stewart), Duke of Albany, b. 1545, as Lord Darnley until 1565, was king consort of Scotland in 1565.
HENRY was the second son of Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox, and his wife Lady Margaret Douglas.
Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox, b. 1516, was the fourth Earl of Lennox, and a leader of the Catholic nobility in Scotland.
MATTHEW was the son of
John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Lennox, b. 1495 in Lennox Hills, Dunbartonshire, Scotland, and Lady Elizabeth Stewart,
the daughter of John Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl].

Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (1720 - 1788) the pretender after 1766 to the throne of Great Britain. During his lifetime, he was also known as "The Young Pretender" or "The Young Chevalier". His father had been given a residence by Pope Clement XI. Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart spent almost all his childhood in Rome and Bologna.

Above Maria Clementina Sobieska, the granddaughter of John III Sobieski, the great-granddaughter of Jakub Sobieski + Zofia Teofillia Danilowicz.
Zofia Teofila was the daughter of Jan Danilowicz and Zofia Zolkiewska, the daughter of Stanislaw Zolkiewski.
Jan Danilowicz (1570-1628) married 1st to Barbara Krasicka (1575-1600).

The Templar Order of Scotland sent to St Petersburg two envoys:
Robert Erskine in 1706
and
James Francis Edward Keith
[he came from the 4th Earl of Perth, Sir James Drummond b. 1648, died in France, Saint-Germain-en-Laye in 1716]
but Russian military intelligence took all assets in 1741.

In 1741 in Malta, Master Manuel Pinto took government, and co-operated with Althotas, Carsten Niebuhr in 1761-1767. Cagliostro combined in 1778-1781 both St Petersburg and Malta.
Louis-Cesar-Constantin de Rohan was the Knight of Malta already before the year 1713.

Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (1720 - 1788), the Pretender, was Grand Master of the Order, under the title of 'EQUES A SOLE AUREO', from 1743, until his death in 1788. After escaping from Scotland in 1745, there were two secret Great Masters of the Templar Order.
These Scottish degrees, or so-called Templar system, made rapid progress, and as it had headquarters in the Jesuit College of CLERMONT at PARIS, was termed the System of Clermont.
The specific "Knights Templar" fraternal order connected to Freemasonry originated from Thomas Dunckerley toward the end of the 18th century.

In 1751 Baron Karl Gotthelf von Hund und Altengrotkau began the Order of Strict Observance, which ritual he claimed to have received from the reconstituted Templar Order in 1743 in Paris [or in 1742]. He was initiated, by Scottish knights, into the Order of the Knights Templar, and to have met two of the "unknown superiors" who directed all of masonry, one of whom was Prince Charles Edward Stuart.

In 1779 the High Knights Templar of Ireland Lodge, Kilwinning, obtained a charter from Lodge Mother Kilwinning in Scotland.

The System of Clermont was introduced in Germany in 1751, by the Baron HUNDT, as the Strict Observance rite. System of Clermont contemplated the restoration of the Stuarts to the throne. Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart, was the second Jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Scotland, France and Ireland. In 1742, Lord Kilmarnock and other exiled Stuart participants received Karl Gotthelf, Baron Von Hund into the Order of the Temple in Paris showing the Jacobite Templar link still existed; and in 1745, Prince Charles Edward Stuart given a gala meeting for the Chivalry of the Order in Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh.
Jacobitism was a political movement in Great Britain and Ireland that aimed to restore the Roman Catholic Stuart King James II of England and his heirs to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland. The next step was in 1779 when the High Knights Templar of Ireland Lodge, Kilwinning, obtained a charter from Lodge Mother Kilwinning in Scotland. "This lodge now began to grant dispensations to other lodges to confer the Knights Templar Degree. Some time around 1790 the Early Grand Encampment of Ireland was formed, which began to warrant Templar Lodges, and evolved into the Supreme Grand Encampment in 1836".

"The Templar degree had filtered into the lodges of the Antients from Ireland about 1780".

In 1791, Dunckerley became the Grand Master of the first national Grand Conclave of English Masonic Knights Templar; then followed,
in 1805 by their Royal Patron, Duke of Kent, who became Grand Master himself.

Kilwinning Abbey was a home to the Knights Templar and birthplace of the Freemasons.
The Pretender was Grand Master of the Order, under the title of 'EQUES A SOLE AUREO', from 1743, until his death in 1788.

In 1767 or 1768, J. A. von Stark / STARCK has established a new sect, which grew out of Clirici Ordinis Templariorum / Clerics of the Knights Templar. Von Starck was in 1761 initiated into a French freemasonry lodge at Gottingen / Getynga [south to HANOVER] but left for St. Petersburg in 1761, and
while teaching in St. Petersburg [1761-1765 and in 1768], Starck had met a Greek by the name of
Count Peter Melesino / Melissino, 1726-1797, a lieutenant-general in the Russian Imperial Army, and whose order of freemasonry claimed the clerics of the Templar Knights.
Named Pyotr Ivanovich Melissino or Pierre De Mellisino, died ca 1797, known many languages including Russian, German, Italian, French, Turkish as well as his native Greek, he also knew some Latin and English.
"... Melissinos arrived in Russia during the reign of Peter the Great and ended his career as Vice-President of the Commerce Collegium in 1740-1745.
During the Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774, Pyotr Melissino was in charge of the Russian artillery", by Wikipedia.
He was a prominent figure in Saint Petersburg society.

Then Starck traveled to Paris in 1765 and obtained a position at the royal library; back to Germany, in Wismar (1766-1768).
At this time, they participated in the Finland war, 1741-1743: Major General George Brown and Patrick Stuart, Peter Lacy's son-in-law, who had been promoted to major general in 1741.

Countess Helena Dornicelta Browne / Hanora de Lacy was the wife of Major General George Brown and she had sisters and a brother:
Martha Philippine Gfin von Lacy;
Countess Anna Louisa Stuart [see below !];
Countess Apollonia von Witten;
Franz Moritz, Graf von Lacy;
Catharina Maria Eleonora von Boije.

Reichsgraf (Count) George Browne (1698 - 1792) married Countess Helena Dornicelta Browne of Camas, ie. HELEN / Hanora / Honora de LACY, b. 1717, died 1764, the daughter of Peter Edmond von Lacy and Margareta Filippina von Funcken, ie. Field Marshal Peter Lacy, or of Edmond DeLacy of Rathcahill, Esq.

Mentioned Count Patrick Stuart / Pavel Stuart, b. ca 1699 in Banffshire, in northern Scotland (United Kingdom). Died in 1765, and he was the son of Esquire of Bogs, John Stuart, 1st of Bogs and Jean Stuart, of Farskane.
PATRICK STUART was the husband of Countess Anna Louisa Stuart,
with children:
Graf Patrick Andreas von Stuart and Martha Philippine O'Rourke.

Above Countess Anna Louisa Stuart (de Lacy) b. 1718, was the daughter of Peter Edmond von Lacy and Margareta Filippina von Funcken.

Count Patrick Stuart "from whom descend the Counts of Austria, who, together with Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria, are were the only lawful representatives of the old Stuart Dynasty of England." Quoted from Edward de Lacy-Bellingari 1928.
By geni.com:
"Count Patric Stuart was fighting from 1731 in Italy in the Spanish army against the Austrian army. He stayed in Spanish service until 1735, in October 1735 after a meeting with the Russian General Field Marshal Peter de Lacy, Count Stuart entered in Russian service as the generals adjutant, in April 1740 became Colonel and was the commander of the infantry regiment of Yaroslavl".

Count Patrick Stuart was fighting together with his father-in-law Field Marshal Peter de Lacy and his brother-in-law Major-General George Browne during the war with the Swedes 1741 to 1743.
He was promoted to Major General by Empress Elizabeth of Russia in 1742.

Mentioned Esquire of Bogs, John Stuart, 1st of Bogs, Chamberlain of the Enzie, b. bef. 1643 or circa 1665, d. 1715 in Sheriffmuir, Scotland. Son of Patrick Steuart 3rd of Tannachy [northern Scotland] and Marjorie Stuart. Husband of Jean Stuart, of Farskane, b. circa 1677, the daughter of 1st Laird of Farskane, William Gordon.

Named above 3rd Laird of Tannachy Patrick Stuart, of Tannachy, b. ca 1600, died in 1643, the son of Andrew Steuart 2nd of Tannachy and Catherine.

Mentioned 2nd Laird of Tannachy Andrew Stuart, of Stradown, ca 1580 - before 1637.
Son of Alexander Steuart 1st of Tannachy and Marie.
Husband of Catherine GORDON, Stuart.

Erskine - Drummond - Keith - Carnegie - Belford-Graham-Montrose clan - Stuart - Douglas - Lord Kames - Stirling and the TEMPLARS of Scotland in Russia - Browne of Camas; Peter Lacy; von Medem [and the branch of von Biron]; von Borch:

John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1675-1732),
in 1729 went to Aix-la-Chapelle, then France, but now Aachen, near Koln. Scottish Jacobite, was the eldest son of Charles, Earl of Mar (who died in 1689).
They came from
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar and Anne Drummond. Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, was born in 1556 in Stirling.

In 1706, 'Journal de Trevoux' wrote that sciences were moving up-North, where 'presently ruling Tsar Peter Alekseyevich has a strong intention to enlighten his state'.
Peter's Chief Physician, President of the Apothecary Chancellery, Robert Erskine, was charged with supervision over the books and naturalia.
Robert Erskine had to accompany the Tsar in his military expeditions, and, therefore, he hired Johann Daniel Schumacher, the secretary of the Apothecary Chancellery, who was born in Colmar and graduated from the University of Strasbourg in 1711. Schumacher arranged preparations for opening the public Museum and public Library.
It happened in 1714 when Schumacher came to St Petersburg to Robert Erskine.
"J. D. Schumacher, who had been in charge of the Kunstkamera and Library for many decades, mentioned 1714 as the date of the establishment of the first Russian State Public Museum and Library". The Kunstkamera became organized as a state-of-the-art for that time universal museum.

Robert Erskine (1677 - 1718) wrote in Paris about Jacob Le Mort and his alchemical works. Erskine undertake alchemical experiments in Moscow in 1706 - 1709, and in the Kikin Palace in St Petersburg.
Here was Cornelius Le Bruyn. In 1716, the Tsar designated him to privy councillor.
Robert Erskine was a part of masonic network of Scottish Jacobites that influenced the Russian court.
Albert Seba in 1711 sent to Robert Erskine a letter on exotic medicines and phosphorus. Johannes de Wilde in Amsterdam in 1717 took corespondence from Robert Erskine. About secret chemical recipe wrote de Wilde in 1740 to Empress Anna of Rusia. Jacob Bruce wrote to Erskine in 1712. Robert Erskine was together with Peter the Great in Teplice in Czech in 1712.
Robert Erskine had in his library among others two books:
1. the Rosicrucians Manifestos in 1615 in Frankfurt; and
2. the Strasbourg edition of "The Chemical Wedding ...", of Christian Rosencreutz in 1459. And works of Paracelsus published in Strasbourg.

Robert Erskine (1677-1718) was an advisor to Tsar Peter the Great.
He came from Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar and Anne Drummond. Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, was born in 1556 in Stirling.

James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas b. ca 1646,
was the son of
Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus and the 1st Earl of Ormonde, and Lady Anne Stuart.
James, second marquis of Douglas, born in 1646, succeeded his grandfather in 1660, and was a privy councillor to Kings Charles II and James VII.
Emperor Napoleon would descend from James de Rohan-Stuardo / Rohan - Stuart, the natural (legitimate) son of the English king Charles II, with his mistress, Marguerite, duchess of Rohan. Charles II had 14 children, of his illegitimate ties with several lovers. Charles II (1630 - 1685) with Marguerite de Rohan (1617 - 1684) met when the English King arrived in France in 1649. Napoleon's grandfather would have been the grandson of James de Rohan - Stuardo, the son of English King Charles II. In 1647, Charles Stuart, the future King Charles II of England, had a son, Prince Enrico de Boveria Rohan-Stuardo / Rohan Stuart. He died in Naples in 1669, but his widow gave birth to a post-son, Prince Giacomo Stuardo of Naples. Giacomo lived for a long time in Germany and Italy, and in 1722 he had a son, prince Joseph Stuart of Roehenstart, who fought alongside Bonnie Prince Charlie during the rebellion of 1745. Joseph Stuart had himself a son named Prince Eduard Maximilian de Roehenstart, also known as Dr. Ferdinand Smith-Stuart.

James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas, first married in 1670 to the Lady Barbara Erskine,
daughter of
John Erskine, 21st Earl of Mar and Jean Mackenzie. John Erskine, 21st / 4th Earl of Mar, b. 1605,
came from Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar and Anne Drummond.
Above Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, born in 1556 in Stirling, near DRUMMOND, died in 1634, Stirling, Scotland.
Anna Drummond married Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, was born in 1556 in Stirling. Anne Drummond b. ca 1566 in Crawford, was the daughter of
David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond and Lilias.

David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond, b. ca 1515 in Machany, close to Perth, d. 1571. David was the son of
Walter Drummond, the Master of Drummond and Elizabeth Graham of Montrose.

The Grand Lodge of Russia:

In 1731, when the Grand Lodge of England appointed a Captain John Phillips as Provincial Grand Master of Russia and Germany, masonry in Russia was mainly the preserve of foreign residents; in 1741 a Scots Jacobite,
James Keith (1696-1758),
who fought in the Russian and Prussian service, was Master under the English system. James Francis Edward Keith or Jakob von Keith, b. 1696, FREEMASON, fought during the Jacobite uprising of 1715, then he escaped on the Continent. James Keith went to Paris, where he had relatives. In 1717, in June, he met Peter the Great, Ist of Russia. He obtained a recommendation from the King of Spain to Peter II of Russia in 1727/1728. In 1728, served under James Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick and Duke of Liria. His commander there, Peter Lacy, had fled Ireland. In Finland became its viceroy.
The Freemasonry at St. Petersburg in 1771;
in 1772 the first native Provincial Grand Master, Ivan Yelagin (1725 - 1794), secretary to Catherine the Great.

Above James Francis Edward Keith b. 1696, a Scottish soldier and Prussian field marshal, a Jacobite.
He was the son of William, 9th Earl Marischal of Scotland, b. ca 1664, married
Mary Drummond / MARIE DRUMMOND, born ca 1670 in PERTH, d. 1729,
the daughter of
James Drummond, 4th Earl of Perth, SENIOR, born in 1648, and his first wife, Lady Jane Douglas.

Mary's brother was James Drummond, 2nd Duke of Perth, born 1673, in DRUMMOND.

Mary came from John Drummond born ca 1584. Above John Drummond, b. ca 1584 in Crawford, d. 1662. The son of Patrick Drummond, 3rd Lord Drummond and Elizabeth Lindsay.

Patrick Drummond b. ca 1550 in Crawford, d. 1611 in Crawford, was the son of David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond.

Above David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond, b. ca 1515 in Machany, close to Perth, d. 1571 in Stobhall.
David was the son of Walter Drummond, Master of Drummond and Elizabeth Graham of Montrose.

Above Anna Drummond married Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, was born in 1556 in Stirling.
Anne Drummond b. ca 1566 in Crawford, was the daughter of David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond and Lilias. David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond, b. ca 1515 in Machany, close to Perth, d. 1571.
David was the son of Walter Drummond, the Master of Drummond and Elizabeth Graham of Montrose.

Charles Erskine [Charles had a sister Lady Barbara Erskine, the daughter of John Erskine, 21st Earl of Mar and Jean Mackenzie]
came from Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar and Anne Drummond.
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, was born in 1556 in Stirling.

Robert Erskine born 1677 in Alva, in the Clackmannanshire, Scotland, died 1718 in Olonets, Karelia, in Russia.
The son of above
Sir Charles Erskine 1st Baronet of Alva and Christian Dundas.
They came from
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, b. 1556 in Stirling; John was the son of Sir John Erskine, 18th Earl of Mar, b. 1510/1520 in Erskine.

Above Lady Barbara Erskine was married in 1670 to James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas.
Barbara was the daughter of
John Erskine, 21st Earl of Mar and Jean Mackenzie.
They came from
Sir John Erskine, the 19th Earl of Mar and Anne Drummond.

Named James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas was first married in 1670 to the Lady Barbara Erskine. James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas b. ca 1646, was the son of
Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus and 1st Earl of Ormonde, and Lady Anne Stuart.
James, second marquis of Douglas, born in 1646, succeeded his grandfather in 1660, and was a privy councillor to Kings Charles II and James VII, b. 1633, who was the King of England and Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII. He was the last Roman Catholic monarch of England, Scotland and Ireland.

Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus, who was created Earl of Ormond, was the son of
William Douglas, the 1st Marquis of Douglas and 11th Earl of Angus (1589-1660)
and the grandson of
William Douglas, 10th Earl of Angus and Countess Elizabeth Oliphant,
the eldest daughter of Laurence Oliphant, 4th Lord Oliphant.

William Douglas, 10th Earl of Angus, b. 1552 in Huntly, d. 1611 in Paris, was the son of
William Douglas, Earl of Angus and Egidia, ie. William Douglas, 9th Earl of Angus, b. ca 1532 in Glenbervie, and
grandson of
Sir Archibald Douglas of Glenbervie and Agnes.

But James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton, was the Grand Master of England in 1741. In 1746 he visited France, and was imprisoned in the Bastille, as a Jacobite. He came from
Earl Robert Douglas, I, b. 1562 in Rothesay.
Robert younger came from
Robert Douglas oldest, b. 1505 in Kilmarnock, d. 1547 in Inveresk.

James Francis Harry St. Clair-Erskine, 5th Earl of Rosslyn, 1869 - 1939,
came from above
Sir Charles Erskine, 1st Baronet of Alva and Christian Dundas.
And this is a branch of Charles Erskine, of Alva, born in 1611 in Stirling, Scotland, died in 1663;
the son of
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar and Lady Marie Stewart;
They came from Sir John Erskine, 18th Earl of Mar, b. 1510/1520 in Erskine. He married Annabelle Murray.

Agatha Drummond, 1711 - 1795,
was the daughter of
James Drummond, Laird of Blair-Drummond born in 1673, died in 1739. His father
George Drummond, 5th of Blair, 1st of Blair-Drummond, b. 29 Nov 1638, in Blair, Stormount, Perthshire, Scotland, died in 1717;
grandfather was George Drummond, 4th Laird of Blair;
great-grandfather was George Drummond, 2nd Laird of Blair.
Agatha Drummond, 1711 - 1795, was the wife of Henry Home, Lord Kames.

In Scotland, in November 1771, Benjamin Franklin spent five days with Lord Kames near Stirling [!] at Blair-Drummond, by then the property of Lord and Lady Kames, and stayed for three weeks with David Hume in Edinburgh.
In 1759, he visited Edinburgh with his son.
Benjamin Franklin came to Scotland twice, in 1759 and 1771.
He met in 1771 Christian David Hume; in 1771, he made second visit in Edinburgh; in October 1771 met also Robertson, Principle of the University; on 6 November 1771, Marchant and Franklin set out for Blair-Drummond, by then the property of Lord and Lady Kames.
In 1775 FRANKLIN returned to America to participate in the events leading to the Declaration of Independence. In 1778 he was accredited to the Court of Versailles as the ambassador of the new United States.

The MONTROSE / GRAHAM / BELFORD family; the Templar masonry in England and the Order of MALTA:

Thomas Dunckerley (1724 - 1795) was a Provincial Grand Master of several provinces, this was made possible by an annuity of 100, rising to pounds 800, which he obtained in 1767 from King George III by claiming to be his illegitimate half brother -
the Prince of Wales, later King George II, was Thomas' natural father.
At this time, in 1751 Baron Karl Gotthelf von Hund und Altengrotkau began the Order of Strict Observance [with the superior, Prince Charles Edward Stuart], which came from the reconstituted Templar Order in 1743 in Paris.

Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (1720 - 1788), was the second Jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Scotland, France and Ireland (as Charles III). In 1742, Lord Kilmarnock and other exiled Stuart participants received Karl Gotthelf, Baron Von Hund into the Order of the Temple in Paris showing the Jacobite Templar link still existed;
and in 1745, Prince Charles Edward Stuart given a gala meeting for the Chivalry of the Order in Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh.
Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (1720 - 1788), the Pretender, was Grand Master of the Order, under the title of 'EQUES A SOLE AUREO', from 1743, until his death in 1788.
After escaping from Scotland in 1745, there were two secret Great Masters of the Templar Order. One resided in Paris until 1788 [Charles Edward Stuart].
The second was in St Petersburg until 1765 [Count Belford ie. The Duke of Montrose = Count Belford / Earl = Robert Belford, Count, Eques a Sole aureo, died in Russia in 1765 but born ca 1704 or in 1706 = Lord Belford].

Jacobitism was a political movement in Great Britain and Ireland that aimed to restore the Roman Catholic Stuart King James II of England and his heirs to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland.

Acc. to Starck:
"... I made the personal acquaintance of the last Grand Master of the Order of the Temple whose name in the series of the Magister Ordinis is a Sole aureo.
This was Count Belford
... The last ... Lord Belford, who lived at ... Voroncof's house ... told me that [Lord] OGHIV imparted the only true and real facts but to a minority of Brethren. ...
[in 1813] The last one [Chapter] was established by Scotland in St Petersburg through Oghiv and Williams,
but in the 60s or 70s [of the 18th cent.] it had only three members left".
Who was the last Grand Master of the Order of the Temple whose name in the series of the Magister Ordinis was a Sole aureo?
This was Count Belford = "Lord Belford".
Charles Stuart had some very clever and brave men around him, for one, the infamous, The Duke of Montrose [= Lord Belford] a 'proddie' who kept his Templar oath, quite strange for a protestant to do this but he did, and survived quite well untill he directly opposed the infamous John Knox at his own peril and perished [disappear] as a result.
Acc. to Andrew David Doyle.

The Duke of Montrose = Count Belford / Earl = Robert Belford, Count, Eques a Sole aureo, died in Russia in 1765 but born ca 1704 or in 1706 = Lord Belford.

The title of earl and baron Graham of Belford in the county of Northumberland:
James Graham, 4th Marquess of Montrose (1682-1742) became Duke of Montrose in 1707 = James Graham, 1st Duke and 4th Marquess of Montrose; he was a Scottish aristocratic statesman in the early eighteenth century.
He was the only son of
James Graham, 3rd Marquess of Montrose and Lady Christian Leslie.

On 31 March 1702 James Graham, 4th Marquess, married Christian Carnegie, the daughter of David Carnegie, 3rd Earl of Northesk.
Together they had 4 or several sons, including
William Graham b. 1712, and
Lord George Graham;
James Marquess GRAHAM;
eldest David marquess of GRAHAM, peer, earl and baron of BELFORD from hands of King George I in 1722;
and
James Graham, 4th Marquess of Montrose, 1st Duke of Montrose, had next son [acc. to me]:
Robert Belford, Count, Eques a Sole aureo, died in Russia in 1765. Born ca 1704 or in 1706.
The title of earl and baron Graham of Belford was in the county of Northumberland.

Robert Belford, Count = Robert Graham = "Duke of Montrose" or "Earl / Count of Belford".

"However there is clear documentary evidence of famous Knight Templars in Scottish history particularly within the Christian Jacobite movement:
these include
James of Claverhouse (Bonnie Dundee), the Grand Prior of Scotland
who was murdered by a Unionist assassin at the Battle of Killiecrankie in 1689 - he was succeeded in his post by
John, The Earl of Mar as Regent
[John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1675-1732) Scottish Jacobite, was the eldest son of Charles, Earl of Mar, b. 1650, d. 1689, the 22nd earl (in the 1st creation) and the 5th earl (in the 7th). He raised the 21st Regiment of Foot in 1679. Charles was the son of John Erskine, 21st / 4th Earl of Mar, b. 1605]".
Also Charles Edward Stuart,
who held a meeting on the evening of the 24/9/1745 with the Knight Templars in Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh. These same Templars installed Charles Edward Stuart as the Sovereign Grand Master of Scotland that very night when the Prestonpans victory having just been won on the 22/9/1745
[on 21 September 1745, Charles Edward Stuart defeated the only government army in Scotland at the Battle of Prestonpans].

"Another famous Templar was the Duke of Montrose, a Protestant who kept his Templar Oath of Religious Freedom for all,
this at the cost of his own life, in opposing John Knox and other Unionist Quislings".
The Duke of Montrose survived quite well until he directly opposed the infamous John Knox at his own peril and perished as a result. In St Petersburg as Robert Belford, Count!

The title of Count Graham of Belford was created in the Great Britain in 1722. The Baron Graham of Belford - in the Great Britain in 1722. Robert Graham, Master of Montrose, born in 1521.
James Graham, 5th Earl of Montrose (1612-1650) became Marquess of Montrose in 1644.
James Graham, 2nd Marquess of Montrose (1633-1669), was the second son of the 1st Marquess.
James Graham, 3rd Marquess of Montrose (1657-1684/1689), only son of the 2nd Marquess.
James Graham, 4th Marquess of Montrose (1682-1742) became Duke of Montrose in 1707 = James Graham, 1st Duke and 4th Marquess of Montrose, was a Scottish aristocratic statesman; he was the only son of James Graham, 3rd Marquess of Montrose and Lady Christian Leslie.
On 31 March 1702 he married Christian Carnegie, daughter of David Carnegie, 3rd Earl of Northesk. Together they had several sons, including William Graham and Lord George Graham.

James Graham, 4th Marquess of Montrose (1682-1742) became Duke of Montrose in 1707 = James Graham, the 1st Duke and 4th Marquess of Montrose, had sons:
1.
James Graham, Earl of Kincardine (b. 1703), eldest son of the 4th Marquess, died in infancy.
2.
"David Graham, Marquess of Graham (1705-1731), the second son of the 1st Duke, predeceased his father without issue". Earl Graham of Belford, in 1722 as David [Graham], styled Marquess of Graham later 1st Earl Graham. The 1st survived son and heir ap. of James [Graham], 1st Duke of Montrose, by his wife Lady Christian Carnegie, 2nd daughter of David [Carnegie], 3rd Earl of Northesk. Born 8 Jun 1705.
"... Created on 23 May 1722 as Baron Graham, of Belford in the County of Northumberland, and Earl Graham, with a special remainder failing heirs male of his body, to his brothers Lord William Graham and Lord George Graham, in like manner suc. by brother."
3.
William Graham, 2nd Duke of Montrose (1712-1790), seventh son of the 1st Duke. He was also Earl Graham of Belford. Married Lucy Manners. With son Graham, b. 1755.
William Graham, 2nd Duke of Montrose was the Governor of the Bank of Scotland.
William Graham, 2nd Duke of Montrose had a daughter Lucy, b. 1751, m. 1771 to Archibald Douglas, 1st Lord Douglas, of Castle DOUGLAS.
4.
James Graham, 4th Marquess of Montrose, 1st Duke of Montrose, had next son [acc. to me]:
Robert Belford, Count, Eques a Sole aureo, died in Russia in 1765.
Born ca 1704 or in 1706.
The title of earl and baron Graham of Belford was in the county of Northumberland. Robert Belford, Count = Robert Graham = "Duke of Montrose" or "Earl / Count of Belford".

William Graham, 2nd Duke of Montrose (1712-1790), was the seventh son of the 1st Duke. But we have information on James Graham, 3rd Duke of Montrose (1755-1836) = LORD GRAHAM.

Remember:
Above Anna Drummond married Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, was born in 1556 in Stirling. Anne Drummond b. ca 1566 in Crawford, was the daughter of David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond and Lilias.
David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond, b. ca 1515 in Machany, close to Perth, d. 1571.
David was the son of Walter Drummond, the Master of Drummond and Elizabeth Graham of Montrose.

Carnegie was established as a trading company in 1803 when David Carnegie, Sr., a Scotsman, founded D. Carnegie & Co AB in Gothenburg.
The management of the company was later succeeded by Carnegie's nephew, David Carnegie Jr., who later returned to Scotland, leaving the company, which by then had considerable interests in brewing and sugar production, in the hands of Oscar Ekman.

David Carnegie, Sr. (8 February 1772, Montrose, Angus - d. on 10 January 1837)
was a Scottish entrepreneur who founded D. Carnegie & Co. in Gothenburg, Sweden, today known as Carnegie Investment Bank.
At geni.com:
David Carnegie Jr b. 1813 and died in 1890 in Stirling, Scotland;
son of James Carnegie and Margaret Gillespie;
above James Carnegie b. 1773 and died 1851 was son of
George Carnegie and Susan Scott.

Note at margin:

Sir Alexander Burnes was born in Montrose, Scotland, to the son of the provost, who was first cousin to the poet Robert Burns.
Sir Alexander Burnes demanded that Dost Mohhamad concluded an agreement with Ranjit Singh and renounced claims to Peshawar; at the same time Witkiewicz returned to St. Petersburg with nothing.

Copyright by Bogdan Konstantynowicz from Ursus - Warsaw in Poland, born in 1966.
On 07 February 2020.

Polish Civic Intelligence Agency, 2002 - 2019.
Marxist communist coups led by Russian intelligence in USA, 1881, 1901, 1963, and against Poland in 1943, 1992 and April 2010.
The communist revolution in 1917 in Russia.

Louis Cesar Constantin de Rohan (1697, Paris - 1779, Paris) was the Knight of the Sovereign Order of Malta [in 1713 or before].
Entered the Navy in 1713 and he was retired in 1723. Then he studied at the Theological Faculty of La Sorbonne University.

A little later it was Manuel Pinto da Fonseca, elected in 1741, the first Frenchman to attain the Grand Mastership since 1697, and under his rule a distinguished period opened in the history of Malta. Manuel Pinto da Fonseca, b. 1681, d. 1773, was the 68th Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta from 1741, and Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta, 1741 - 1773; he was mistakenly known as ALTHOTAS.
His foster son was Claude Charles DE DAMAS DE MARILLAC, Vicomte DE DAMAS DE MARILLAC, 1731-1800.

Manuel Pinto da Fonseca was a friend of Cagliostro. He met Balsamo-Cagliostro in MESSINA. Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta from 1741, was considered by Count Cagliostro as a true Illuminati.
In 1790, in front of a Roman tribunal of the Holy Inquisition, the Count of Cagliostro claimed that all his knowledge of alchemy was taught to him many years before in Naples by "a prince who had a great passion for chemistry."
Probably Tadeusz Grabianka also brought di Cagliostro to Sutkowce and Grabianka set up an alchemical workshop - laboratory for Cagliostro in July-August 1780. Tadeusz Grabianka was living in the Latyczow county, in Rajkowce and Sutkowce. Tadeusz Grabianka - like with Cagliostro - with count Michal Aleksander Ronikier [in 1773 the owner of Kryniczany in the Kamieniec Podolski county, at Podolia] and Brumer, in accordance with the method set by Pernety, led the work to create a homunculus. But in order to create a homunculus you would require advanced genetic engineering beyond our current scientific scope. It is a representation of a small human being.

Tadeusz Grabianka co-operated with the French intelligence.
Tadeusz Grabianka also knew that in every country [Berlin, London, France, Austrian Galicia, Russian Podole and Ukraine; in Russia] after some time his conspiracy would be taken over by counterintelligences of these countries.
However, Tadeusz Grabianka's aims were at the same time attractive to France and Great Britain.
Thus, the situation will appear in which our Polish resistance conspiracy will help to other countries - including the US and not only through official state channels, as Thomas Jefferson said - and to the royal courts [George III, Duke of Kent].
And the reverse, other countries gladly use our underground networks. It was not alchemy and sect. These were chemical laboratories where it was possible to produce poisonous and hallucinogenic drugs for Polish intelligence in the absence of an independent state.
The goals have changed over the next years.

JAN WOLANSKI - the chemist and the alchemist, after settling in a new estate, in Krotoszyn in ca 1795/1796 [Krotoszyn was the part of BARCIN estate under Prussian rule] founded a chemical laboratory and an astronomical observatory there, and placed his son Tadeusz Wolanski in a chemist and an alchemist in Mitawa / MITAU.
Krotoszyn close to Barcin, in the ZNIN county [compare Czolgosz], 14 km north-west to PAKOSC; 7 km west to Zalesie - again see CZOLGOSZ.
There in Courland our Tadeusz Wolanski spent time with collecting plants, minerals and various peculiarities of nature [1795-1800].

In 1776 Starck went to Mitau [Courland; at margin see Komorowski] and took place here as professor of philosophy until 1781 when he back to Darmstadt.

Cagliostro from Paris in 1778, came to Germany, and the Great Poland to ADAM PONINSKI. He went to Konigsberg and in COURLAND, Mitau / Mitava, and went to Saint Petersburg. Then from Warsaw [compare Tadeusz Grabianka in 1778 in Warsaw to the Templars; 1778/1779 in Berlin], in a few months Cagliostro appears in Strazburg / Strasbourg in 1780;
he met Cardinal Rohan, to play a prominent role in Paris in 1781. In 1782, he founded the Order of Egyptian Masonry and stood at its head.
As the Great Kopta he organized the Egyptian rite lodges in: England, France, Germany and Russia. He studied alchemy, the Kabbalah, magic in MALTA.
Count Alessandro de Cagliostro or as Giuseppe Balsamo, of Sicily, an occult practitioner, was initiated into the Illuminati at Mitau in 1780.

Tadeusz Wolanski returned home as a fifteen-year-old boy in 1800 and assisted his father in laying the herbarium and gathering the collections, listening to his lectures on the works of the mystic Jakub Boehm
[Jakob Bohme / Jacob Boehme / Behmen, d. 1624, influenced mystical movements, as Radical Pietism; Society of the Woman in the Wilderness; the Philadelphians, the Harmony Society; Rosicrucianism; Martinism. Bohme's mentor, Balthasar Walther, had travelled to the Holy Land in search of kabbalistic and alchemical wisdom]
and Welling
[Opus mago-cabalisticum et theologicum, was writing by Georg von Welling. Georg von Welling d. 1727, but was born in Kassel in Hesse, alchemical and theosophical writer, lived near to Frankfurt. The work have been influential on Rosicrucians and Goethe in alchemy, and the Urfaust writings].

MANUEL Pinto died on 23 January 1773 [Manuel Pinto de FONSECA]. His foster son was Jose Antonio Pinto da Fonseca e Vilhena - Vicomte DE DAMAS DE MARILLAC, Page du Grand Maitre de l'Ordre de Malte (1742), Chevalier de l'Ordre de Malte, Ordre des Cincinnati (1783), Gouverneur de la Guadeloupe (1782-1783), Gouverneur de la Martinique (1783 - ca 1789 or until 1791), b. in 1731.

"True Mason", or Academy of True Masons, was instituted in 1778. The rite of Pernetty, or Illuminati of Avignon, established in 1779 [in Berlin], but in 1778, it was in Montpellier, under the name of Academy of the True Masons.
This Lodge, or the Academy, constituted, on March 5th, 1785, at Saint-Pierre of Martinique.
In 1776, in MARTINIQUE was Tadeusz Kosciuszko and Br. BYSTRZANOWSKI.

On 9 March 1772 to 15 March 1776 Vital Auguste, marquis de Gregoire, comte de Nozieres, was the Governor.
On 15 March 1776 to May 1777, Robert d'Argout - GOVERNOR.
Robert's son,
Robert Maurice D'ARGOUT, 1760 - ca 1800, in Saint Domingue or in London, married Anne Elisabeth Rose D'OSMOND.
Her brother was Joseph Eustache D'OSMOND, Vicomte D'OSMOND, 1756-1839, married 1st ca 1790 to VIGEE, ca 1770-/1794;
Joseph Eustache D'OSMOND, Vicomte D'OSMOND married 2nd in 1795 to Anne Marthe GILBERT DE VOISINS, ca 1770-1801
- see below!

In March 1783 to March 1791, Claude Charles de Marillac, vicomte de Damas, was the Governor of Martynika in Saint-Pierre of Martinique.

Claude Charles de Marillac, vicomte de Damas either Jose Antonio Pinto da Fonseca e Vilhena or Vicomte DE DAMAS, DE MARILLAC, Page du Grand Maitre de l'Ordre de Malte (1742), Chevalier de l'Ordre de Malte, Ordre des Cincinnati (1783), Gouverneur de la Guadeloupe (1782-1783), Gouverneur de la Martinique (1783 - ca 1789 or until 1791), b. in 1731
- his foster father Manuel PINTO DA FONSECA, Grand Maitre de l'Ordre de Malte, 1681-1773.

Claude Charles de Marillac, vicomte de Damas either Jose Antonio Pinto da Fonseca e Vilhena or Vicomte DE DAMAS, DE MARILLAC, Page du Grand Maitre de l'Ordre de Malte (1742), b. June 20, 1731 in Lyon and died June 30, 1805 in Margency in Val-d'Oise - north to Paris;
the Viscount of Damascus - the title received in the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem on December 23, 1744 or in 1745, but they will allow him to get married in 1773.
He is named governor of Martinique, in 1783, with steward Joseph-Francois Foulquier, then Governor-General of the Windward Islands of America, until 1791. When the revolutionary agitation reached the West Indies, the Viscount of Damascus to maintain the authority of the King and he managed not only to reestablish public order, but also to sent all leaders of the insurgents in France.

We back to "True Mason", or Academy of True Masons, instituted in 1778. In 1785, at Saint-Pierre of Martinique. As an academy of the True-Masons, ie. the Academy of Real Masons of Montpellier [120 km south-west to Avignon], of the Rite of Pernety of Avignon.

Note to Anne Marthe GILBERT DE VOISINS, ca 1770-1801:

Anne Marthe GILBERT DE VOISINS (Anne GILBERT DE VOISINS) born about 1770, d. 1801. Married in 1795 to Joseph Eustache D'OSMOND, Vicomte D'OSMOND, 1756-1839.
Anne was the daughter of
Pierre GILBERT DE VOISINS / Pierre Gilbert, seigneur de Voisins, born 1749, killed in 1792; acc. to George J. Homs.
Pierre, senior, b. 1749, had 2 children:
Anne Marthe GILBERT DE VOISINS, ca 1770-1801;
Pierre Paul Alexandre GILBERT DE VOISINS, Comte de l'Empire, 1773-1843.

Jean Pierre GILBERT DE VOISINS, Comte GILBERT DE VOISINS, 1800-1863, was the son of named Pierre Paul Alexandre GILBERT DE VOISINS, 1773 - 1843 in PARIS.

Mentioned
Jean Pierre GILBERT DE VOISINS married in 1832 to Marie Sophie TAGLIONI, Classical dancer artist, 1804-1884.
They had a daughter Eugenie GILBERT DE VOISINS, 1835-1901
[Marie Eugenie Gilbert de Voisins / Voisin b. 1835, d. 1901, Trubeckaya / TRUBECKA, was the daughter of Jean Pierre, comte Gilbert de Voisins, d. June 1863 + Maria Sophie Taglioni];
and sons:
Georges GILBERT DE VOISINS, Comte DE VOISINS, 1843- 1893; and
Jean Pierre GILBERT DE VOISINS, Officer, 1846-1870.

Remember on Robert Maurice D'ARGOUT, 1760-ca 1800; died in London, who was married Anne Elisabeth Rose D'OSMOND.
Anne Elisabeth Rose D'OSMOND had the brother Joseph Eustache D'OSMOND, Vicomte D'OSMOND, 1756-1839, married 2nd in 1795 to Anne Marthe GILBERT DE VOISINS, ca 1770-1801.

Compare with Alexander Troubetzkoy, born 14 July 1813, General Major,
his parents:
Vassily Troubetzkoy b. 1776, died in 1841, and Sophia Marianna von Weiss b. 1795.
Above
Alexander TRUBECKI married on 24 November 1852 to Marie Eugenie Gilbert de Voisins / Voisin, b. 1835,
with his children:
Margarita Troubetzkoy b. 1857
and Alexei b. 1866.

Above Marie Eugenie Gilbert de Voisins / Voisin b. 1835, d. 1901, Trubeckaya / TRUBECKA, was the daughter of Jean Pierre, comte Gilbert de Voisins, d. June 1863 + Maria Sophie Taglioni.
Jean Pierre GILBERT DE VOISINS, Comte GILBERT DE VOISINS, 1800-1863, was the son of named
Pierre Paul Alexandre GILBERT DE VOISINS, 1773 - 1843 in PARIS.

Above Marie Eugenie Gilbert de Voisins / Voisin b. 1835, d. 1901, Trubeckaya / TRUBECKA, was the granddaughter of
Pierre Paul Alexandre Gilbert de Voisins, born in 1773.
Great-granddaughter of Pierre Gilbert, seigneur de Voisins, born 1749, killed in 1792,
acc. to George J. Homs.
Anne Marthe GILBERT DE VOISINS (Anne GILBERT DE VOISINS) born about 1770, d. 1801, married in 1795 to Joseph Eustache D'OSMOND, Vicomte D'OSMOND, 1756-1839.
Anne was the daughter of above
Pierre GILBERT DE VOISINS / Pierre Gilbert, seigneur de Voisins, born 1749, killed in 1792.
Pierre, senior, b. 1749, had 2 children:
Anne Marthe GILBERT DE VOISINS, ca 1770-1801; and Pierre Paul Alexandre GILBERT DE VOISINS, Comte de l'Empire, 1773-1843.

Mentioned Louis Cesar Constantin de Rohan (1697, Paris - 1779, Paris) was 'Eminent Highness', as Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg.

In 1773 - 1775, Ximenez was the Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.
The election that followed Ximenez's death in 1775 was won by Emmanuel de Rohan de Polduc [until 1797], originating in the ancient Kings of Brittany. The family branch of de Rohan-Polduc come from Jean II de Rohan-Gue-de-l'Isle, died in 1517; and Louis de Rohan-Polduc, died in 1584.
Next figure was
Jean-Baptiste I de Rohan-Polduc [b. ca 1670 ?] d. 1711, m. in 1690, to Pelagie Martin, dame de Chateaulin, the daughter of Philippe de la Bouexiere.
Above Jean-Baptiste I de Rohan-Polduc was the son of Isaac de Rohan-Polduc [1620-1690 ?], m. in 1638 to Alienor de Kerpoisson.
And the grandson of Jerome de Rohan-Polduc [b. ca 1590 ?], married in 1610 to Julienne Le Metayer.

Mentioned Jean-Baptiste I de Rohan-Polduc d. 1711, m. Pelagie Martin, dame de Chateaulin, with the son
Jean-Baptiste II de Rohan-Polduc d. 1755, m. Marie Louise de Velthoven
and grandson
Jean-Baptiste de Rohan-Polduc b. 1724
[his sister was Marie Pelagie de Rohan-Polduc (1724-1753), the wife of (1737) Francois de Groesquer, comte de Groesquer
and his brother was
Emmanuel Marie-des-Neiges de Rohan-Polduc
(b. 1725 in la Mancha in SPAIN - d. 1797 in Valletta; ambassador, general of the galleys, bailiff of Justice, general of the land and naval forces,
Knight of Malta, grand master of the Order of the Hospitallers of Saint John of Jerusalem).

Mentioned Cagliostro with Althotas, the member of the Knights of St. John, visited Turkey in 1762, and they back to Malta. Cagliostro again visited Malta after trips to North Africa and Europe, where new Grand Master de ROHAN-POLDUC, grant him a chivalrous dignity. In 1776 Giuseppe Balsamo came to London.

In Poland in turn Franciszek Sulkowski b. 1733 in Dresden, was in January 1776 established a treasurer, collector, and administrator of the Polish Priory [Maltese Order], and from October 1776 became the superior of the commandery of Saint John the Baptist [Maltese Order],
from hands of the Grand Master of the Order of Malta, ie.
Emmanuel Marie des Neiges de Rohan-Polduc, b. 1725, in la Mancha, Spain; the 70th Prince and Grand Master of the Order of St. John from 1775 to 1797 [the Maltese Order of Russia in 1797 was brought to life].

Franciszek Sulkowski did not join to Rydzyna estate, created by his brother August Kazimierz Sulkowski, b. 1729 in Dresden.

ANTONI Sulkowski b. 1735 {the member of the Malta Order},
Franciszek Sulkowski {the Maltese Order} and
above August Sulkowski were the sons of
Aleksander Jozef Sulkowski b. 1695 + Maria Franciszka Stein zu Jettingen.

Louis-Cesar-Constantin de Rohan was the Knight of Malta before 1713.
Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697 - 1779), the Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg in 1756-1779,
was preceded by
Armand de Rohan-Soubise ie. Cardinal Francois-Armand-Auguste de Rohan-Soubise, Prince of Tournon, Prince of Rohan (1717, Paris - 1756, Saverne), a French Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg

[LOUIS CESAR CONSTANTIN in 1742, was appointed coadjutor bishop of the Diocese of Strasbourg. He was the great-nephew of the Prince-Bishop, Cardinal Armand Gaston Maximilien de Rohan, and was the titular bishop in Ptolemais in Palestine (now Acre, Israel)].

Named above Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697 - 1779), the Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg in 1756-1779,
was succeeded by
Louis Rene Edouard de Rohan-Guemene, Cardinal de Rohan (1734 - 1803), prince de Rohan-Guemene, a French bishop of Strasbourg, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church,
the son of
Hercule Meriadec, Prince of Guemene and Louise Gabrielle Julie de Rohan.

Louis de Rohan / Louis Rene Edouard de Rohan-Guemene, Cardinal de Rohan (1734 - 1803), in 1779,
succeeded his uncle,
Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697 - 1779) / Constantine de Rohan-Rochefort,
as bishop of Strasbourg, though he spent much of his career working in Paris.
In 1789 Louis RENE was chosen to the Estates-General in 1789, in Haguenau and Wissembourg. In 1791 he back to Ettenheim, in the German part of his diocese. He was the titular
Bishop of Canopus / Canopo, Egypt in Alexandria / Alessandria.
Louis-Rene-Edouard de Rohan-Guemenee of Guemene, b. 1734, d. 1803; in 1760 appointed, and in 1779 succeeded, Bishop of Strasbourg. Members of the Rohan family had the office of Bishop of Strasbourg since 1704.

We back to Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697-1779), appointed Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg and Graf of Alsace in 1756 on the death of his uncle Armand de Rohan-Soubise / Cardinal Francois-Armand-Auguste de Rohan-Soubise, Prince of Tournon, Prince of Rohan (1717, Paris - 1756, Saverne).

Above Cardinal Francois-Armand-Auguste de Rohan-Soubise, Prince of Tournon, Prince of Rohan, in 1742, was appointed coadjutor bishop of the Diocese of Strasbourg.

Compare the visit from COURLAND in Strasbourg, ca 1740/1745.
Anna Charlotte Dorothea von Medem [Dorothea von MEDEM], b. 1761 at Mezotne, now Latvia, d. 1821, Duchess of Courland, married to Peter von Biron,
had elder half sister,
poet Elisa von der Recke [Elisabeth Charlotte Constanzia von der Recke], from her father's previous marriage.

Elisabeth Charlotte Constanzia von der Recke born in Schunberg, Courland,
was the daughter of
Georg Johann Friedrich baron von Medem / Georg Johann Friedrich Medem [Imperial Count Frederick of Medem], b. 1722, d. 1785,
and she was the granddaughter of
Georg Christoffer von Medem and Sibylle Charlotte.

Named Dorothea von MEDEM had two famous daughters:
A.
Wilhelmine von Biron, Herzogin von Sagan, 1781-1839, relationship in 1798 with Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt, 1757- 1814.
Wilhelmine von Biron, Herzogin von Sagan, married in 1800 to Jules Armand Louis de Rohan, Principe di Rohan 1768-1836,
the son of Henri Louis Marie de Rohan, b. 1745, duc de Montbazon and Victoire Armande Josephe de Rohan.
The grandson of Jules Hercule Meriadec de Rohan b. 1726 in Paris;
the great-grandson of Hercule Meriadec de Rohan, prince de Guemene born in 1688.
B.
Dorothea von Biron, Prinzessin von Kurland, 1793-1862, married to Edmond de Talleyrand-Perigord, Duca di Dino, 1787-1872.

Cagliostro arrived in St Petersburg in 1779 [until 1780], but earlier he visited some important people and places in the following order: Adam Poninski in Poland [maybe in Wilkowo Polskie - the land of the SZOLDRSKI family, his next of kin] in about September 1778 - February 1779; Konigsberg / Krolewiec on 25th February 1779; Mitau / Mitawa in Courland about 01st March 1779 [to von Medem and von Recke].

Cagliostro met in Mitau in March 1779, Charlotte Elisabeth Konstantia v. Recke, ie. ELISA.

Elisa's father was Freemason, like her uncle -
OTTO von Medem, the brother of her father.
They together [ca 1740/1745] in Strasbourg learned alchemists.
They were members of the Strict Observance lodge in MITAU [the Rite of Strict Observance was a Rite of Freemasonry, from 1749/1751/1754].

Karl Gotthelf, Baron von Hund und Altengrotkau b. 1722, Unwurde, a German freemason; in 1751 [1749 or 1754], he founded the Rite of Strict Observance. Von Hund came from Silesia. In 1741 Hund was at the coronation of Charles VII of BAVARIA, in Frankfurt, where he was admitted to the Masonic brotherhood. In 1742 / 1743 he was in Paris, and there converted to Catholicism. In 1743, he became Master of a lodge. He claimed that it was
in Paris in 1743 that he was initiated, by Scottish knights, into the Order of the Knights Templar, and was the introduced to the pretender to the British throne, Prince Charles Edward Stuart as the Grand Master of the Knights Templar.
Present were the Earl of Kilmarnock and other senior Jacobites.
He was initiated by the "Knight of the Red Feather, whose identity he was pledged to conceal, but he may have tried to hint that it was Charles Edward Stuart".

In 1781 Cagliostro worked in Strasbourg as a teacher for occultism and successfully as a magical healing artist.
Johann Caspar Lavater went from Zurich to Strasbourg specifically to check whether his method of treatment was similar to that of the exorcist Gasner.
In Strasbourg, then the stronghold of mystical masonry, Cagliostro acted under the Cardinal and Archbishop Louis Cesar Constantin de Rohan-Guemene and entered the French court.
Cagliostro set up an Egyptian lodge.

In 1774, the Grand Priory of the Order of Malta in Poland was established, headed by Prince Adam Poninski, junior [see CAGLIOSTRO and MALTA]. Then the Order of MALTA was headed by the Sulkowski family - see Jozef Sulkowski [compare Venture de Paradise - Breguet - Maleszewski net]!

In 1798, Napoleon Bonaparte setting off on the Egyptian campaign took Malta and the Order was exiled.

Above Adam Poninski b. 1732, was the Speaker of Parliament from 1773 to 1775, and the Prior of the Priory of the Polish Order of the Knights of Malta. In Poland were two 'komandorie' (Commanderies).
Before Cagliostro arrived in St Petersburg in 1779 [until 1780], he visited some important people and places, among others of
mentioned Adam Poninski in Poland [maybe in Wilkowo Polskie - the land of the SZOLDRSKI family, his next of kin] in about September 1778 - February 1779.

And we have the network:
Wiktor SZOLDRSKI and the Szoldrski family of Wilkowo Polskie - Adam Poninski of Derazne [38 km west to Kostopol in Volhynia], and Count Alessandro di Cagliostro in Russia, in 1779-1780 - de LACY - von MEDEM - von RECKE of Courland [1779].

Ebenezer Sibly was deeply involved in occult, but his brother Manoah SIBLY was the member of the Swedenborgian Theosophical Society; and was living in London like Swedenborgian minister.
Manoah SIBLY thus provided a tangible connection between Ebenezer SIBLY / Ebenezer Sibley, and the Swedenborgian enthusiasts
Philippe de LOUTHERBOURG,
Peter Lambert de LINTOT
and
Charles RAINSFORD
- and in ca 1776 to CAGLIOSTRO [acc. to Susan Mitchell Sommers].

Hindmarsh was the founder of Theosophical Society in England. Together with
De Thome;
Count Cagliostro;
with the member Chastanier - he was also the member of "illumine d'Avignon"
[with H. JONES in England;
Marquis de THOME in Avignon;
Thomas Duche - the son of Jacob Duche in 1785/1786].

Chastanier was a supporter of a Plan for a Universal Society [with JACOB DUCHE] of SWEDENBORG [Richard Brothers, too].

"... A fascinating account of Cagliostro's exploits in Mittau is provided by Charlotta Elisabeth von Recke (1754-1833), the daughter of Friedrich von Medem, a prominent Courland aristocrat and Freemason.
Von Recke was among one of three women (along with her aunt and cousin) who were admitted into Cagliostro's mixed lodge on 29 March 1779.
According to von Recke, Cagliostro had persuaded the city's Masonic grandees, including her father and Count von der Howen
... Cagliostro's entrance into Petersburg society had been brokered through Masonic connections, as Count von Howen wrote a letter of introduction to Baron von Heyking, a fellow Courland Mason
... the German Rosicrucian Mason Baron G. Schroder, recorded in his diary that 'Elagin wanted to learn from Cagliostro how to make gold'.
Apparently, the latter wanted the necessary ingredients to be sent from Poland ... The narrator also states that Cagliostro had previously carried out alchemical experiments in Poland, in the company of Prince Adam Poninski (1732-1798).
... In terms of alchemical healing, Corberon noted in his journal on 2 July 1781 that Cagliostro had treated the prominent official (and leading Freemason) Count Aleksandr Sergeevich Stroganov (1733-1811)
... Cagliostro had cured Ivan Isleniev of an open cancer ...
Grigorii Potemkin attended some of Cagliostro's alchemical meetings and even developed something of a crush on Lorenza, his wife.
What transpired between Lorenza and Potemkin is unknown, but it is fascinating to note that Catherine the Great wrote a number of letters to her famed lover ..."
[posted on November 30, 2012 by Robert Collis].

Count Alessandro di Cagliostro / Giuseppe Balsamo (born 1743 in Palermo, died 1795 in San Leo), was the founder of the Order of Egyptian Freemasonry and his Great Kopta; he was the ILLUMINATI.
Balsamo left the fatherland, Sicily, and with Armenian named Altotas, he went on a journey through the East: Greece, to Egypt, they came to Malta, but Altotas disappears -
Althotas / Altotas was German name Kolmer, who from Malta came to the German, and there he built the first lodges of the well-known Illuminati Order.

Balsamo appeared again in 1775. And in 1776, he came to Naples, Florence, Rome. He was expelled from the Papal State in 1776. Earlier in Rome he married Lorenza Feliciani. Cagliostro moved in Spain in 1776, then
in England in 1776;
next, he stopped in France, Holland, Germany, entered Masonry [1776-1777], and became a member of the Illuminati Order [1778 ? or in Courland in 1780].
I said, in 1776 Giuseppe Balsamo came to London. He learned here about Freemasonry. He was admitted to the London 'Expectation' lodge on April 12, 1777 thanks to his influential friends. In England, he took the name of Count di Cagliostro. He wanted to reform this movement. In 1777 he was sent to prison for a short time; from London in 1778, went to the Netherlands, came
to Paris in 1778. He found there a patron - Cardinal Louis de Rohan.
From Paris in 1778, came to Germany, and the Great Poland to ADAM PONINSKI [Summer 1778 - maybe Cagliostro met the Szoldrskis in Wilkowo Polskie
- compare the text of this webpage, below !].
He went to Konigsberg [February 1779] and in COURLAND, ie. Mitau / Mitava, and went to Saint Petersburg. In Mitava, at the court of the Duke of Courland, he met Miss Eliza von der Recke/ ELISA, the sister [half-sister] of the duchess of Courland [now look for the family of von Medem and von KORFF].

Chancellor von KORFF in Konigsberg on 25th February 1779 thought Cagliostro is the secret Jesuit agent on a mission.
German writer and poet from Courland - Elisa von der Recke (1754-1833) wrote in 1787 on an alchemist and an adventurer, Count Alessandro di Cagliostro. He was in Mitau on 01st MARCH 1779. You will look at interesting connections and not only, genealogical:
von Korff family from Courland;
the Armand family from Moscow;
here is a known step towards general Franciszek Paszkowski [+ Artur Potocki, the Templar - and to Lubuszany close to Miezonka of the Konstantynowiczs]
and Apolon Konstantynowicz, together with Lenin [+ Inessa Armand] and Anna Konstantynowicz;
and Cagliostro in Konigsberg and Mitau in Courland in February - March 1779, and St Petersburg in 1779-1780.
And Cagliostro - with the visit of Tadeusz Grabianka in London - and again the Breguet family and Edward Brown of London appear: and we have just returned to the air-telegraph-military company Duflon & Konstantinovich in St Petersburg and Zaporozhe in Russia.
So the main thought of the [Polish-French] Illuminati Order is the work of Tadeusz Grabianka.
The thought of taking power in Russia was a central idea guiding the Polish underground from the 80s of the 18th century until 1917. The continuator of the main thought of Tadeusz Grabianka about taking power in the tsar state - in the Russian Empire - was Jozef Pilsudski.

Cagliostro back to WARSAW - in June 1780, Cagliostro had a performance at the Boguslawski Palace.
In this year, he founded the Egyptian Masonic Lodge in Warsaw.
Cagliostro came to Warsaw in the first days of May 1780.
He got introduced to Prince Kazimierz Poniatowski, chamberlain, and count AUGUST Moszynski.
Prince KAZIMIERZ Poniatowski, chamberlain
- Stanislaw Poniatowski, younger, was the son of Prince Kazimierz Poniatowski (b. 1721), a Deputy Chamberlain of Lithuania (1742-1773), Commander of the Royal Army.
Kazimierz Poniatowski was the brother of the last King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, Stanislaw II Augustus, who saw in his nephew a possible successor and heir to the throne of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Kazimierz's family owned BEREZYNA - LUBUSZANY landestate, close to Miezonka.
Both, Kazimierz and the KING were born to Konstancja Czartoryska (b. 1700).

Probably Tadeusz Grabianka also brought di Cagliostro to Sutkowce and Grabianka set up an alchemical workshop - laboratory for Cagliostro in July-August 1780. Tadeusz Grabianka was living in the Latyczow county, in Rajkowce and Sutkowce.

Grabianka - like with Cagliostro - with count Michal Aleksander Ronikier [in 1773 the owner of Kryniczany in the Kamieniec Podolski county, at Podolia] and Brumer, in accordance with the method set by Pernety, led the work to create a homunculus.
But in order to create a homunculus you would require advanced genetic engineering beyond our current scientific scope. It is a representation of a small human being. Popularized in sixteenth-century alchemy.
"In 1775, Count Johann Ferdinand von Kufstein, together with Abbe Geloni, an Italian cleric, are reputed to have created ten homunculi with the ability to foresee the future, which von Kufstein kept in glass containers at his Masonic lodge in Vienna [by Wikipedia]".
But Jerzy Siewierski gives evidence that [p. 107-108, ed. Warsaw in 2003] Cagliostro was not in Sutkowce in 1780 [compare: Sophie de Korwin-Piotrowska in 1976; Ujejski; Danilewicz-Zielinska].
"Tadeusz Grabianka is the only Pole considered by the nineteenth-century English Masonic encyclopaedias. One of them (Mackenzie) provides information about his connections with the Parisian philanthropists. Beswick went further, stating that the famous
Cagliostro appeared in the group of "Lovers of Truth" under the pseudonyms "Mosmy", "St. Germain "or just Grabianka!
The legends also include the version about the visit of Cagliostro in Podolia, to Grabianka, which was to take there in 1775.
Dr Antoni J. Rolle also mentions several years of correspondence Cagliostro-Grabianka, lost in the mid-nineteenth century".

Michal Aleksander Ronikier
- in 1773 the owner of Kryniczany in the Kamieniec Podolski county, at Podole. Until 1785/1787 he lived mainly in Zalozce / Zalizci, in Podolia [47 km north-west to Tarnopol], and he took in 1783/1785 the Count title in Austria.
Zalozce - in the hands of Potocki. In 1768, together with the castle, belonged to Michal Alexander Ronikier, general-lieutenant. The wife of Ronikier was Teresa Miaczynska.
And if we are already talking about the family of RONIKIER, counts who had contacted with the ILLUMINATI and Cagliostro, then this is the opportunity to look at their genealogy -
this is a great example of how the ILLUMINATI by means of marriages, have penetrated into the environment that they needed.
In this case, the Illuminati came close to the imperial court, being associated with the Bobrinsky / Bobrzynski family, derived from Catherine II also known as Catherine the Great, born Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, the Empress of Russia.
Nevertheless Michal Aleksander Ronikier, 1728-1802, the Illuminati, was living in Nowosiolki, the Oszmiana county, and in Podolia.
Michal Aleksander Ronikier, 1728-1802 in Nowosiolki, the Oszmiana county;
parents:
Piotr RONIKIER and Dorota von Cosel, b. ca 1700.
In 1771, Zatonie acquired the countess von Cosel, the widow of Frederic August COSEL, the son of Augustus II and Countess Cosel.
After the death of the Countess in 1784, Zatonie inherited her son, Gustav Ernest, whose scandalous lifestyle led to the sale of the estate in 1789 to Johnston von Krogeborn. ...
In 1809, the property was bought by Peter von BIRON / Piotr Biron, it was designated as a dowry for the youngest daughter -
Dorothy von Biron, Talleyrand / Dorota Biron, wife of Maurycy Talleyrand-Perigord, later Princess de Dino.
Princess Dorothy returned from France to Zatonie in 1840 and lived here until 1844.

In Warsaw, Tadeusz Grabianka had joined the reformed order of "Templars" or "Strict Observance" Masons, founded around 1760 by Baron Charley Hund (d. 1776) and, through that connection, he met Pernety in Berlin in 1778
(acc. to Scholem, 1961, 287-296; Garrett in 1975, p. 102).

The Illumines practiced the "true science of numbers" and posec questions to a divine intelligence whom they called "Sainte-Parole"
... The Illumines had frequent contact with Strasbourg [to the Rohan].
Each member had an occult number. Pernety's being no. 135. When consulted by Brumore concerning Grabianka, known as "Dear King 1.3.9," Sainte-Parole intoned:
"Oh my son, his heart is pure. Do not fear to mix your incense with his, because one day he will become seven times greater than you!" (acc. to Bricaud 1927, 46; see also 43; Harrison in 1979, p. 71).

Pernety brought in others like the French priest Guyton de Morveau, known as Brumore,
along with Morinval,
Melle Bruchier,
Countess Stadniska
[STADNICKA / Teresa Stadnicka Grabianka, 1749-1826],
the Count and Countess Jean Tarnowski
[JAN TARNOWSKI / Jan Amor Tarnowski, general of the Crown troops, and his wife Tekla Grabianka Tarnowska from Pankracewice (1740-1805) - the Vinnytsia county],
and others.

In 1778 or in 1779, with the arrival of Count Tadeusz Grabianka, the Illumines were formally constituted (acc. to Garrett in 1975, p. 101; and to Harrison in 1979, p. 70)" in BERLIN.

Among the prominent Illumines were
the Chevalier Marie Daniel Bourree de Corberon (1748 - 1810);
Dr. Bouge;
Jean Pierre Moet (1721-1806), the Marquis de Thome;
and Esprit Calvert, a professor of physiology at the Avignon medical faculty.

The group in BERLIN worked under the control of Louis Joseph Bernard Philibert Guyton de Morveau, called Brumore (1738-1786);
and under command of the alchemist and former Benedictine Dom Antoine Joseph Pernety (1716-1796);
and the Polish count Tadeusz Grabianka financed the alchemical experiments of the sect [Kalinowski's money].

Brumore / Louis-Joseph-Philibert de Morveau, 1738-1786, known as Abbe de Brumore, born in Dijon, 1738; 1773 - at Langres.
1774 - he is, according to ALICE JOLY, lector of the wife of the heir to the French throne, dauphine Marie Antoinette, at Versailles;
the lector of the abbey of VERMOND. Librarian of Prince HENRI of PRUSSIA.

"... By the end of the Eighteenth Century numerous enthusiasts for Swedenborg's reported experiences, and for some of his ideas, were to be found in England and in continental Europe. ... e.g.
Benedict Chastanier and Count Tadeusz Grabianka, fell into the New Church only to fall rapidly out of it, others, Jacob Duche and General Rainsford, for example, kept their distance while maintaining their enthusiasm.
... Richard Brothers, who had taken up Swedenborgian doctrines at Avignon with the Abbe Pernety, and Count Grabianka.
Both Brothers and Grabianka attended meetings in London at the home of the Revd. Jacob Duche
who, while studiously avoiding a commitment to the New Church, encouraged the study of both Swedenborg and Jacob Boehme, the German mystic ...
Pernety established his Hermetic Rite of Freemasonry at Avignon in 1766,
but it did not contain Swedenborgian elements until Pernety returned from Berlin in 1785 and transformed his Rite into the Illumines d'Avignon.
They were joined by Count Grabianka, a confirmed Swedenborgian, who attempted to bring Pernety's Rite to London. Here he might have expected support from a fellow mason and Swedenborgian, Benedict Chastanier ..."
- above under copyright by Robert A. Gilbert published in Things Heard and Seen, the Newsletter of the Swedenborg Society, London, No. 15 (Autumn 2004) pp. 44-51.

The Reverend Jacob Duche (1737-1798) was a Rector of Christ Church in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and
the first chaplain to the Continental Congress.

Above
Adam Poninski (1732 or 1733 - 23 July 1798, junior)
was a Polish Prince, the leader of the Radom Confederation of 1767, Grand Treasurer of the Crown (from 1775), member of the Permanent Council, the Marshal of the Parliament in 1773-1775.

Poninski Adam [junior] was
the grandson of the POZNAN governor, Adam Poninski, oldest [ca 1680 - 1732],
and was the son of Maciej Poninski, the WSCHOWA official + 1st wife Franciszka Szoldrska, the daughter of Ludwik SZOLDRSKI from Wilkowo Polskie.

Adam Poninski [junior] in 1775 visited LONDON [he was the chief of the Malta Order in Poland in 1774 ! - compare Cagliostro in London].
The owner of Derazno in Volhynia / Wolyn until 1779; and Bar, Cudnow, Lubar and Lysobyki in Volhynia; Lipowiec near Winnic.
FREEMASON in 1774 in LWOW, and - in 1777 - he received from J. L. Toux de Salverte a higher initiation in the Warsaw's "Bon Pasteur" with the rank of "bachelor of the East and the Shield".
In 1779 Adam Poninski was affiliated to the "Parfait Sileone" Lodge with the honorary dignity of the "protector".
Considered by many contemporaries and historians a traitor, serving Russian ambassadors, he was stripped of all titles and exiled by the decree in 1790.

Mentioned above
Ludwik Bartlomiej Szoldrski (1675 in Czempin; d. 1749 in Czempin, 15 km north-east to KOSCIAN, and 29 km north-east to WILKOWO POLSKIE
- see Pradzynski, Kiedrzynski, Szoldrski, Lady Zamoyska-Kiedrzynska in 1775),
the Gniezno governor, and Inowroclaw, Kalisz, Poznan. The owner of WILKOWO POLSKIE !
The son of Andrzej SZOLDRSKI (d. 1703), and Zofia Radomicka.

Ludwik Szoldrski married Marianna Bogumila Unrug (d. 1754) / Marianna UNRUH.

Cagliostro arrived in St Petersburg in 1779 [until 1780], but earlier he visited some important people and places in the following order:
Adam Poninski in Poland [maybe in Wilkowo Polskie - the land of the SZOLDRSKI family, his next of kin] in about September 1778 - February 1779;
Konigsberg / Krolewiec on 25th February 1779;
Mitau / Mitawa in Courland about 01st March 1779 [to von Medem and von Recke].
Cagliostro met in Mitau in March 1779, Charlotte Elisabeth Konstantia v. Recke, ie. Elisa von der Recke (1754 - 1833); she will be the future author, German writer and poet.
Elisa / Elisabeth Charlotte Constanzia von der Recke born in Schunberg, Courland; was the daughter of the Imperial Count Frederick of Medem and his wife Louise.
In 1787 a small document appeared in Berlin and caused a sensation:
"News of ... Cagliostro stay in Mitau in 1779 and its magical operations." By Charlotta Elisabeth Konstantia von der Recke, nee Countess of Medem.
"To my friends in Kurland and Germany." So it was on the front page. It was the unmasking of Cagliostro as "a gross deceiver", "to use the weaknesses and inclinations of people, with crafty cunning, ... though rather clumsy, but also know how to play mischievously" (Treger, p. 397).
In 1787, it appeared news of the notorious Cagliostro stay in Mitau in 1779 and its magical operations;
Catherine the Great, as a reward for the book, gave ELISA lands near Mitau. This was financially independent of von Recke.

Cagliostro in 1779 in Courland, and Elisa who was the Freemason, were very close to people like [all Freemasons]:

her cousin LOUISE
[acc. to me:
Louisa Elisabeth von Nolde, b. 1754, the daughter of Luise Charlotte von Manteuffel-Szoege-von NOLDE;
Luise Charlotte was the wife of Gerhard Christopher von Nolde, of Kalleten
and Georg Johann Friedrich baron von Medem];

her cousin Charles;

her aunt Madame von Medem nee von Keyserling / de Kayserling
[Anna Rgfin. von Keyserling (ca 1732 - 1793 in MITAU). The wife of
Christoph Dietrich George von Medem, b. 1721,
who was the son of Georg Christoffer von Medem, 1684-1746.
Christoph's brother -
Georg Johann Friedrich baron von Medem, b. 1722, was the father of
Charlotte Elisabeth Konstanze von der Recke (von Medem), b. 1754.
Count Hermann Karl von Keyserling (1697-1764) was a Russian diplomat from the Keyserlingk family of Baltic German nobility based in the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia. Hermann Karl's daughter was named above Anna von Medem];

her stepmother AGNES
[the father of Elisa von RECKE, was the husband of
Luisa Dorothea von Medem;
Luise Charlotte von Manteuffel - Szoege - Platon,
and 3rd to Agnes];

her friend Otto von HOVEN, the governor of Mitau
[Otto Hermann von der Howen, b. 1740 in Fockenhof, Courland / Kurland, Latvia; died in 1806 in Gulben (Livl.). The son of Otto Christopher von der Howen and Elisabeth Dorothea von der Howen. Otto was the Senator];

major von Korff - chancellor
[Russian spy!
Chancellor von KORFF in Konigsberg on 25th February 1779 thought Cagliostro is the secret Jesuit agent on a mission.
German writer and poet from Courland - Elisa von der Recke (1754-1833) wrote in 1787 on an alchemist and an adventurer, Count Alessandro di Cagliostro. He was in Mitau on 01st MARCH 1779.
Besides, a high official, the Chancellor von Korff, was hostile to Cagliostro. The eminent Mason in Mitau];

and Sigismund von Schwander.

All above under the influence of the wife of Cagliostro - Seraphina, on the 29th March 1779 in Mitau.

Elisa's father was Freemason [husband of Luisa Dorothea von Medem; Luise Charlotte von Manteuffel - Szoege - Platon, and 3rd to Agnes]
and her uncle - OTTO von Medem, the brother of her father.
They together [ca 1740/1745] in Strasbourg learned alchemists.
Members of the Strict Observance lodge in MITAU [the Rite of Strict Observance was a Rite of Freemasonry].

The Polish conspiracy created in May 1793 reached the roots to the Freemasonry organization and of the club of the "Society of Friends of the Constitution of May 3". A part of the Masons stood in a moderate, liberal position - the preservation of the monarchy with King Stanislaw August and the implementation of the Constitution of May 3.
Among the moderate activists of the conspiracy found themselves:
Ignacy Dzialynski,
Andrzej Kapostas,
Michal Kochanowski,
Alexander Linowski,
Stanislaw Woyczynski,
Ludwik Gutakowski,
Antoni Bazyli Dzieduszycki,
Kazimierz Nestor Sapiecha.
To the second group belonged radical activists of conspiracy, among whom we find Freemasons as:
Eliasz Aloe,
Piotr Grosmani,
Joachim Muszynski,
Erazm Mycielski who lived close to Pleszew and near by the Stadnickis,
Jozef Herman Pawlikowski,
Stanislaw Wegrzecki and
Wojciech Boguslawski.

Mentioned above
Dorothea von Biron, Prinzessin von Kurland, 1793-1862, married to Edmond de Talleyrand-Perigord, Duca di Dino, 1787-1872.

In February 1779 Cagliostro traveled to Mitau, where he met the poetess Elisa. Goethe wrote that Cagliostro was of Jewish origin, Balsamo comes from the hebrew Baal Shem. He travelled as a child to Medina and Cairo, to Malta to have been admitted to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.
Giuseppe Balsamo found in PARIS a patron - Cardinal Louis de Rohan. Named Louis Rene de ROHAN born in 1734; Archbishop of Strasbourg, the son of
Hercule Meriadec, Prince of Guemene, b. 1688.

Cardinal Louis de Rohan had sibilings:
1.
Ferdinand de Rohan, Archbishop of Bordeaux and of Cambrai; b. 1738, d. 1813. He had illegitimate children with Charlotte Stuart, Duchess of Albany, illegitimate daughter of the English pretender.
Ferdinand's son - Charles Edward Stuart.
Charlotte was the daughter of Charles III Prince Charlie STUART, Duke of Albany, born in 1720 - Rome, and Clementina, Css of Aberstroff, WALKINSHAW.
2.
Jules, prince de Guemene, born in 1726.
This a branch of Dorothea von MEDEM who had two famous daughters:
The first was
Wilhelmine von Biron, Herzogin von Sagan, 1781-1839, relationship in 1798 with Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt, 1757- 1814.
Wilhelmine von Biron, Herzogin von Sagan, married in 1800 to Jules Armand Louis de Rohan, Principe di Rohan 1768-1836
[the son of Henri Louis Marie de Rohan, b. 1745, duc de Montbazon and Victoire Armande Josephe de Rohan.
The grandson of Jules Hercule Meriadec de Rohan b. 1726 in Paris;
the great-grandson of Hercule Meriadec de Rohan, prince de Guemene born in 1688].

Count Alessandro de Cagliostro or as Giuseppe Balsamo, of Sicily, an occult practitioner, was initiated into the Illuminati at Mitau in 1780,
"in an underground room. He later said, that an iron box filled with papers was opened, ... a member read the oath of secrecy, which began:
'We, Grand Masters of Templars...'.
... The book was an outline of their plans, which included an attack on Rome.
He discovered that they had money at their disposal in banks at Amsterdam, Rotterdam, London, Genoa, and Venice. ...
Cagliostro was instructed to go to Strasbourg, France, to make the initial contacts necessary for the instigation of the French Revolution.
Identified as a Grand Master of the Prieure de Sion,
... He was arrested in 1790, in Rome, for revolutionary activities".

We back to the Poninskis:
Duke Adam Poninski, 1758 or 1759 - 1816, youngest, the Insurgent in 1794, the son of the Parliament Marshal, Duke Adam Poninski
[Adam invited the Cagliostros to Warsaw],
1732-1798.
And the great-grandson of
Ludwik Bartlomiej Szoldrski, 1675 - 1749;
Adam Poninski, 1680 - 1732, the son of Hieronim and Teresa Chociszewska.
And also of Marianna Bogumila Marcjanna Unrug / Marianna Unruh, 1670-1754.

Adam's youngest [1758/1759-1816] brother:
Aleksander b. 1766 m. Zofia Poletylo.
Adam's youngest relative -
Apolonia Poninska, born [ca 1750 ?] bef 1758 - d. 1800, m.
Karol Ernest Biron, the Babimost official in 1771, the Sycow owner, 1728-1801.
Apolonia was the daughter of Maciej Poninski, the Wschowa official, 1700-1758, and Apolinara Jaraczewska.
And Apolonia Biron was the granddaughter
of Adam Poninski, oldest, 1680-1732, the son of Hieronim and Teresa Chociszewska.

Apolonija von Biron / Apolonija Biron / Poninska, Biron von Curland, b. 1759 in Wrzesnia, d. 1800 in St Petersburg.
The wife of Prinz Karl Ernst von Biron / Karol Ernest Biron, 1728 in Konigsberg - 1801. Brother of Duke of Courland, Peter von Biron.
Named Peter von Biron / Piotr Biron, 1724 in Jelgava, Latvia - 1800 in Schloss Gellenau / Jeleniow, close to Lewin Klodzki, west to Klodzko.
He was supported by the Czartoryskis.
Husband of Anna Dorothea Duchess of Kurland;
of Caroline Louise / Luiza von Waldeck Pyrmont,
and Eudoxia von Biron.
Mentioned Duchess of Courland, Anna Charlotte Dorothea von Biron, Css von Medem, known as Anna Charlotte Dorothea von Medem / Dorothea von Kurland, 1761 in Mezotne, Latvia - d. 1821 in Lobichau, Thuringen.
Daughter of Johann Friedrich (Ivan Fedorovich) Count von Medem and Lovisa Charlotta von Manteuffel, Szoege, Platon.
Wife of Duke of Courland, Peter von Biron.
Sister of Johann Friedrich von Medem;
Karl von Medem and
Christoph Johann Friedrich von Medem,
half sister of Charlotte Elisabeth Konstanze von Medem / ELISA,
and
Louisa Elisabeth von Nolde.
Named Dorothea von MEDEM had two famous daughters:
A.
Wilhelmine von Biron, Herzogin von Sagan, 1781-1839, relationship in 1798 with Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt, 1757- 1814.
Wilhelmine von Biron, Herzogin von Sagan, married in 1800 to Jules Armand Louis de Rohan, Principe di Rohan 1768-1836
[the son of Henri Louis Marie de Rohan, b. 1745, duc de Montbazon and Victoire Armande Josephe de Rohan.
The grandson of Jules Hercule Meriadec de Rohan b. 1726 in Paris;
the great-grandson of Hercule Meriadec de Rohan, prince de Guemene born in 1688].
Above named ELISA / Charlotte Elisabeth Konstanze von der Recke (von Medem), 1754 in Skaistkalne, Latvia - 1833 in Dresden, Germany. Daughter of Johann Friedrich (Ivan Fedorovich) Graf von Medem and Luisa Dorothea von Korff.
She met CAGLIOSTRO in Courland.
Above Johann Friedrich (Ivan Fedorovich) Graf von Medem, 1722 - 1785, the son of Georg Christoffer von Medem and Charlotte von Knigge.
Husband of Luisa Dorothea von Korff / Louise, 1736 - 1757, the daughter of Nicolaus VII von Korff, Baron.
And the husband of Lovisa Charlotta von Manteuffel, Szoege, Platon / Louise Charlotte von Medem, 1732 - 1763. The daughter of Christoph Friedrich Von Manteuffel. Wife of Gerhard Christopher von Nolde, and Johann Friedrich (Ivan Fedorovich) von Medem.
And husband of Agnes von Medem / von Brukken / von Fock, 1718 - 1784.

DUBNO - Mitawa / Mitau line:

Main supporter of Tadeusz Grabianka, the Illuminati [Tadeusz Grabianka in 1778 in Warsaw to the Templars; 1778/1779 in Berlin to the Illuminati and Stadnicki], was August Jozef Ilinski was born on 18.08.1766 in Romanow, and had sibilings:
1.
Janusz Stanislaw Ilinski b. 1765, Romanow; killed in 1792, Markuszew; Chamberlain of the Polish King Stanislaw August in 1785, captain of the national cavalry, General Inspector of Cavalry in 1789, the deputy of the province of Kijow in 1791.
2.
Anna Maria Ilinska b. ca 1765, 1st m. Franciszek Zabierzowski, Chamberlain of the Polish King Stanislaw August in 1786; 2nd she was married to Franciszek Ksawery Brockmann.
3.
Ludwika Ilinska b. ca 1766, married Bartlomiej Gizycki, the 2nd, d. 1827, Moloczki, 56 km SW to Zytomierz; General, the nobility Marshal in Volhynia in 1825,
the son of Kajetan Gizycki,
the grandson of Bartlomiej GIZYCKI, the 1st, b. 1682.

Mentioned August Jozef Ilinski was the son of Jan Kajetan Benedykt Ilinski, born in 1731 in the DUBNO parish + Jozefa Wessel
[Jan Kajetan Benedykt Ilinski was the owner of Romanow, the Zytomierz official, MP of Kiev, in 1779 Count;
m. 1st Marianna Jozefa Wessel 1 voto Jan Aksak;
m. 2nd Katarzyna Bielska the daughter of Jozef Bielski b. ca 1700;
m. 3rd to Anna Jakoba Braconnier].

Above Jan Ilinski was the son of Kazimierz Ilinski born ca 1670/1690, died in 1756 in DUBNO, and Anna Suszczewicz.
Above KAZIMIERZ ILINSKI - the owner of Romanow / Romaniw ca 1710 ?; Kazimierz Ilinski the owner of Romanow and Kuren / Kurne, in 1722 Colonel.

We back to von MEDEM - von BIRON branch of Courland + Chocen with the Zakrzewskis and Wilkowo Polskie of the Szoldrskis:

Piotr Biron / Peter von Biron, b. 1724 in Mitawa, d. 1800 in Jeleniow south-west to Nowa Ruda, west to KLODZKO;
Duke of Courland in 1769 - 1795, the Zagan duke in 1786 - 1800.
His 3rd wife was Dorota von Medem.

Karol Ernest Biron von Curland / Karl Ernst Biron von Curland, b. 1728, d. 1801, the Babimost official, General-Major, FREEMASON, the son of Ernest Jan Biron. KARL was the brother of mentioned Piotr Biron.
Karl married in 1778 in Dubno, to Apolonia Poninska.
Named Dorota von Medem, closest to German writer and poet from Courland - Elisa von der Recke (1754-1833) who wrote in 1787 on an alchemist and an adventurer, Count Alessandro di Cagliostro. He was in Mitau on 01st MARCH 1779. In October 1789, Elisa and her sister, Anna Charlotte Dorothea von Biron / Dorota von Medem (1761 - 1821), went for a diplomatic mission to the court of Stanislaw August.

We back to von BIRON:
Ernst Johann von Biron, 1690 - 1772, was a Duke of Courland and Semigallia (1737) and briefly regent of the Russian Empire in 1740.
In 1734, SYCOW in Silesia, on the Polish-Austrian border, was acquired by Ernst Johann von Biron, "whose descendants held Wartenberg even after the Prussian annexation of Silesia in 1742, until they were expelled in 1945"
[by Wikipedia].
Carsten Niebuhr in 1767 back from Warsaw to Germany at way Wieruszow - Sycow. So, Niebuhr was in Sycow owned by Ernst Johann von Biron. And Cagliostro was in Courland in 1778. Niebuhr and Cagliostro were in Malta to Manuel Pinto.
Ernst von Biron was succeeded - in 1772 - as Duke of Courland by their son, Peter von Biron. Peter, prince of Courland, had a brother Karl Ernst von Biron (1728-1801). They took SYCOW, west to Polish Wieruszow [see the Kreski family and the Psarskis - Kiedrzynskis].
In 1723, Ernst Johann von Biron / Ernest Biron married Benigna Gottlieb von Trotha / Treyden (1703-1782), lady-in-waiting to Regent Anna of Russia.
In 1763, Catherine II of Russia re-established him in his duchy of Courland, which he bequeathed to his son Peter von Biron. He died in Mitava / Mitau, his capital, in 1772. Biron was succeeded as Duke of Courland by their son, Peter von Biron.
Peter, prince of Courland, had a brother Karl Ernst von Biron (1728-1801).
Peter had a sister - Hedvig Elizabeth von Biron of Courland (1727-1797), a princess of Courland and a Russian courtier; "she was the Ober-Hofmeisterin of the Empress Elizabeth of Russia and an influential person at the Russian court". Elizabeth Petrovna b. 1709, was the Empress of Russia from 1741 until her death. She led the country during the two major European conflicts of her time.

Above Karol Ernest Biron von Curland / Karl Ernst Biron von Curland, b. 1728, d. 1801, the Babimost official, General-Major, FREEMASON, the son of Ernest Jan Biron. The brother of Piotr Biron. Karl married in 1778 in Dubno, to Apolonia Poninska. Mentioned Piotr Biron / Peter von Biron, b. 1724 in Mitawa, d. 1800 in Jeleniow, 3rd married to Dorota von Medem. Dorota von Medem, closest to German writer and poet from Courland - Elisa von der Recke (1754-1833) who wrote in 1787 on an alchemist and an adventurer, Count Alessandro di Cagliostro. Elisa and her sister, Anna Charlotte Dorothea von Biron / Dorota von Medem (1761 - 1821), went for a diplomatic mission to the court of Stanislaw August. She arrived in Wilanow along with her sister on October 25, at the invitation of Prince Kazimierz Nestor Sapieha (1757 - 1798), who gave a large feast to the honor of the princesses. Beautiful ladies visited the Lubomirski family palace in Mokotow and Krolikarnia.

Mentioned Apolonia Poninska (1760 - 1800) married twice:
Marceli Poninski, the Gniezno official,
and 2nd to
Karol Ernest Biron, the Courland Duke.
Apolonia was the daughter of Maciej PONINSKI with 3rd wife.
Above Maciej Poninski had the 2nd wife Apolinara Jarczewska, with
1.
Eleonora Poninska (1747 - 1812) m. 1st Onufry Bierzynski, 2nd to Count Klemens Poninski;
2.
Kalikst Poninski (1753 - 1817), General, Duke in 1773; m. twice - Pss Barbara Lubomirska and Ludwika Chrzczonowska.

Above Maciej PONINSKI - the Babimost official; m. 1st to Franciszka Szoldrska of Wilkowo Polskie.
Wilkowo Polskie was owned short time by Kiedrzynska-Zamoyska.
Wilkowo Polskie has line to the Pradzynskis in Wola Wiazowa - here my family, come from Izydor Kiedrzynski.

Adam Karol Poninski (1732 - 1798), the Speaker of Parliament, Duke in 1773, m. Pss Jozefa Lubomirska;
was the son of Maciej PONINSKI - the Babimost official + 1st wife SZOLDRSKA.
Maciej Poninski, the Wschowa official, 1700 - 1758 + Franciszka Cecylia Szoldrska, 1714 - 1745;
and Cecylia Franciszka Szoldrska was the daughter of Ludwik Bartlomiej Szoldrski, 1675 - 1749 + Marianna Bogumila / Marcjanna Unrug, 1675/1680 - 1754.
Ludwik Szoldrski was the owner of Wilkowo Polskie close to BIALCZ.

And now we back to the genealogy of above Freemason, Mayor - President of Warsaw, Ignacy Zakrzewski. Ignacy Zakrzewski, the FREEMASON, came from Andrzej ZAKRZEWSKI [b. ca 1670/1675] and Franciszka Mielzynska, 1677 - 1764.
And now we back to Wilkowo Polskie of Szoldrski [+ Adam Poninski, older and junior] and of Zamoyska-Kiedrzynska, and to Stary BIALCZ of Izabela RADOMICKA, m. in 1731 to Izydor Zakrzewski from Pakoslaw [b. ca 1710], east to Rawicz.

Ignacy Wyssogota Zakrzewski b. 1745 in Stary Bialcz [not in Pakoslaw] and died in 1802 in Zelechow, the first President of Warsaw, the Poznan official in 1790-1795, 1787-1790, and in 1786-1787, MP, the Freemason, was the son of
Izydor Zakrzewski [b. ca 1710], the SANTOK governor, and Izabella Radomicka, the daughter of Wladyslaw Radomicki, the Poznan governor.

Stary Bialcz is situated north to Smigiel.

See relationships and camaraderie between
TADEUSZ WOLANSKI [net of the Illuminati of Courland in 1795-1800] and Rajmund Skorzewski of Czerlejno / Czerniejew / Czerniejew-Radomice, ie. Rajmund Jozef Jan Skorzewski, Count, b. 1791 in Nekla, at the way from Kostrzyn to Wrzesnia.

Rajmund Skorzewski, died in 1859, in Bucz, in the WOLSZTYN county
[24 km south-east of Wolsztyn], 18 km south-west to STARY BIALCZ, 8 / 9 km east to Przemet, 6 km south-west to Popowo Stare, 9 km south-west to WILKOWO POLSKIE of Szoldrski and Zamoyska-Kiedzynska.
RAJMUND Skorzewski was son of Jozef Skorzewski and Helena Lipska.

Jozef Skorzewski / Jozef Ignacy was the Gniezno official; Jozef Ignacy Skorzewski leased Raszkow in 1802 from hands of Juljanna Arnold, the daughter of Kasper Kiedrzynski and Marjanna; and from Helena Kiedrzynska widowed after death bef. 1802 Izydor Kiedrzynski in JEDLNO [my family].

Izabela in 1731 m. Izydor Zakrzewski of Pakoslaw, and Bialcz was taken by ZAKRZEWSKI.

Pakoslaw - 15/19 km east to RAWICZ. Pakoslaw is a village in the Rawicz County, Greater Poland. Zakrzewski bought in 1788 Kobylniki [4 km east to Bialcz] and a half of Krzan, 2 km north to Bialcz.

Izydor Zakrzewski was the owner of Stary Bialcz, from hands of his wife - Izabela RADOMICKA, Zakrzewska, the owner of Stary Bialcz.

Anna JACKOWSKA Skorzewska, ca 1710/1715 - 1768, was the sister of Franciszka KIEDRZYNSKA [the wife of Andrzej Kiedrzynski, b. 1715/1720 - my family line]; Anna Nostitz - Jackowska married Antoni Skorzewski, 1710 - 1766.
Antoni was the son of
Mikolaj SKORZEWSKI, b. ca 1680 + Urszula Linowska, the daughter of Stanislaw Linowski.
Mikolaj Skorzewski was the son of Jan Skorzewski, b. ca 1650/1660 and Barbara Wielowieyska.

Jan Skorzewski probably was the brother of Gabriel SKORZEWSKI, b. ca 1650/1660 + LUCJA KOSZUTSKA.

Eleonora Olszewska / Olszowska Borzecka, 1690 - 1732 + Maciej Stanislaw Borzecki, b. ca 1680, had children:
1.
Konstanty Borzecki, the Kalisz official, 1714 - 1772.
2.
Aniela Borzecka, 1711 - 1773, married Ignacy Skorzewski, 1707 - 1789,
the son of General Andrzej Tomasz Skorzewski, 1674 - 1726 + DOROTA CHOINSKA,
and the grandson of
Gabriel SKORZEWSKI, b. ca 1650/1660 + LUCJA KOSZUTSKA. Jan Skorzewski maybe was the brother of Gabriel SKORZEWSKI, b. ca 1650/1660.

Ignacy's Skorzewski b. 1707 sibilings:
Marianna Skorzewska, older, 1690 - 1768;
Helena Skorzewska, b. ca 1700;
Urszula;
Stanislaw SKORZEWSKI, 1700 - 1761;
Jozef Skorzewski, older, b. ca 1700;
Konstancja SKORZEWSKA;
Michal Skorzewski, 1707 - 1789;
Anna, 1710 - 1745;
Franciszek Andrzej Skorzewski, 1716 - 1773;
Gabriel Skorzewski, died in 1783;
Hieronim Skorzewski.

Named above Michal Skorzewski, b. 1707 - died in 1789 in Komorze, buried in Pyzdry.
Parents:
Andrzej Tomasz Skorzewski, 1674 - 1726 + Dorota Choinska.

Michal Skorzewski married to Ludwika Hutten-Czapska, 1722-1799,
with children:
Katarzyna Agnieszka SKORZEWSKA, 1749 - 1797;
Anastazja Skorzewska, 1752 - 1835;
Jozef Skorzewski, b. 1757 = Jozef Ignacy Wojciech Skorzewski, senior, 1757 - ca 1809.

Jozef Ignacy Skorzewski was the brother of
Katarzyna Agnieszka Byszewska;
Ewa Teresa Skorzewska; and
Anastazja Sczaniecka.

Jozef Ignacy Skorzewski was the Gniezno official; Jozef Ignacy Skorzewski leased Raszkow in 1802 from hands of Juljanna Arnold, the daughter of Kasper Kiedrzynski [Kasper was the son of Andrzej Kiedrzynski, b. 1715/1720] and Marjanna; and from Helena Kiedrzynska widowed after death, bef. 1802, of Izydor Kiedrzynski in JEDLNO.
Jozef Skorzewski had also a sister Antonina Skorzewska in RASZKOW.

LEON SKORZEWSKI in Lubostron
[Leon took Tadeusz's Wolanski collections of plants, minerals and various peculiarities of nature]
ie. Leon Fryderyk Walenty Skorzewski, 1845 - 1903,
the son of Arnold Franciszek Skorzewski; Arnold was born in 1798 in Warsaw, d. 1862 in Lubostron, the Znin County
[see Leon Czolgosz; 9 km north-west to BARCIN and north-west to the village Krotoszyn, Zalesie and small city Pakosc],
the grandson of Fryderyk Jozef Andrzej Skorzewski.

Above
Fryderyk Jozef Andrzej Skorzewski, b. 1768 in Berlin, d. 1832 in Lubostron, or in Labiszyn, 8 km north-east to named Lubostron. But his burial was in Zon, 10 km south-east to Margonin and south-east to Chodziez.

Fryderyk's father -
Franciszek Andrzej Skorzewski, ca 1730 - 1773 in Zon, close to Margonin,
the son of
Count, Royal General-Major Andrzej Tomasz Skorzewski, born in 1674 in Wargowo, close to Oborniki - d. 1740;
the grandson of
Gabriel SKORZEWSKI, b. ca 1650/1660 + LUCJA KOSZUTSKA.

Jan Skorzewski b. 1650/1660, maybe was the brother of named Gabriel SKORZEWSKI, b. ca 1650/1660.

Andrzej Tomasz Skorzewski was the brother of
Ludwika Ostromecka Malechowska;
Wladyslaw Maciej Skorzewski;
Wincenty Jozef Skorzewski;
Jozef Prokop Skorzewski;
Katarzyna + 10 others sibilings.

General Franciszek Paszkowski [the father of Maria Wilhelmina Paszkowska, married ARMAND of Moscow] back to the Poznan / Posen Duchy [winter 1815/1816 ? - January 1816 to Prussia], and then he settled in the Republic of Cracow [1819 ?] - in 1820 in the village Tonie; after the death of Tadeusz Kosciuszko received an inheritance, and in Krakow organized the funeral of Kosciuszko; he was one of the initiators of the Kosciuszko mound in Krakow and chairman of the committee of its construction [TEMPLARS].
In 1822 - Jan Karski was caught on the border of the Kingdom of Poland; and a letter to Dobrzycki was found, in which numerous matters were discussed:
Uminski [Jan Nepomucen Uminski b. 1778, Czeluscin, died in 1851, Wiesbaden],
Kniaziewicz;
Arnold Skorzewski
[b. 1798 in Warsaw - died in 1862 in Lubostron, MP,
the grandson of
Franciszek Andrzej Skorzewski, 1709 - 1773 in MARGONIN, and Marianna Ciecierska, 1741-1773].

Above named
Franciszek Andrzej Skorzewski, b. 1709 or ca 1730 - d. 1773 in Zon, close to Margonin or he died in Margonin.
Son of Count, Royal General-Major Andrzej Tomasz Skorzewski, born in 1674 in Wargowo, close to Oborniki - d. 1740.

Pawel Bardzki, 1690 - 1739 + in 1732 to Anna Skorzewska, 1700 - 1745,
the daughter of mentioned
Andrzej Skorzewski 1670/1674 - 1740/1742, ie. Andrzej Tomasz Skorzewski b. 1674.
Anna's sister was Marianna Drweska nee Skorzewska.
Anna's brothers -
1.
Michal Skorzewski, 1707 - ca 1789 m. Ludwika Czapska-Hutten.
Michal was the son of Count, General-major Andrzej Tomasz Skorzewski and Dorota CHOINSKA, b. ca 1670.
2.
Franciszek Andrzej Skorzewski, ca 1730 - 1773 in Zon, close to Margonin.

Above Count, Royal General-Major Andrzej Tomasz Skorzewski, born in 1674 in Wargowo, close to Oborniki - d. 1740, was the brother of Ludwika Ostromecka Malechowska.

Brygida Bardzka married 1st to Owidiusz Wierusz Walknowski, before 1761, 2nd to Jakub Kiedrzynski junior, in 1767.
Her father Wojciech Marek Bardzki, 1699-1770, mother Helena Teresa Kozminska, 1706-1792.

Wojciech Marek Bardzki, 1699-1770, was the brother to
Stanislaw Bardzki born 1697;
Marianna Bardzka, 1707-1729;
elder brother Maciej Bardzki b. 1685;
Andrzej Bardzki, died in 1726;
Pawel Bardzki d. 1739;
Antoni Bardzki d. 1738;
Kazimierz Bardzki d. 1738;
Katarzyna Bardzka died in 1742.

Tadeusz Wolanski, alchemist,
in 1813 married Wilhelmina Schrotter / Schretter, b. bef. 1800, the owner of Rybitwy close to Pakosc. They had a daughter Malwina Wolanska, 1831 - 1881, m. in Bydgoszcz in 1851, to Jozef Ilowiecki, 1825 - 1871.
Jozef Ilowiecki was the great-grandson of Lucja Skorzewska, 1740 - 1786
- the daughter of
Antoni Skorzewski, 1710 - 1766 and Anna Nostitz - Jackowska, ca 1710/1715 - 1768.
Anna was the daughter of Jan Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1670.
Anna was the sister of Franciszka Kiedrzynska Jackowska married Andrzej Kiedrzynski, b. 1715/1720.

Lucja Skorzewska, 1740 - 1786
- the daughter of
Antoni Skorzewski, 1710 - 1766.
Antoni's parents -
Mikolaj SKORZEWSKI, b. ca 1680 + Urszula Linowska, the daughter of Stanislaw Linowski.

Mikolaj Skorzewski was the son of Jan Skorzewski, b. ca 1650/1660 and Barbara Wielowieyska.
Jan Skorzewski maybe was the brother of Gabriel SKORZEWSKI, b. ca 1650/1660 + LUCJA KOSZUTSKA.

Mikolaj Skorzewski was the father of
Konstancja Skorzewska;
Urszula Skorzewska;
Aleksandra Pagowska;
named Antoni Skorzewski b. 1710;
Ewa Skorzewska [acc. to Leszek Mila in 2018].

Antoni Skorzewski b. 1710, married Anna Nostitz - Jackowska, ca 1710/1715 - 1768.

Jozef Skorzewski of Raszkow, south to Pleszew in 1802, m. Helena Skorzewska, nee Lipska, 1766 - 1832. JOZEF Skorzewski = Jozef Ignacy Skorzewski, b. in 1757 in Komorze, and died ca 1809. Helena was the daughter of Jan Lipski and Marianna Kozminska.
Komorze, 4 km west to Nowe Miasto by Warta.
JOZEF was the son of Michal Skorzewski, 1707 - ca 1789 and Ludwika Czapska-Hutten.
Jozef was the grandson of Count, General-major Andrzej Tomasz Skorzewski and Dorota CHOINSKA, b. ca 1670.
General-major Andrzej Tomasz Skorzewski married Dorota CHOINSKA, b. ca 1670. This is the family of Anastazja Sczaniecka.
Michal Skorzewski, the Poznan official, buried in PYZDRY, had a daughter
Anastazja Sczaniecka born 1752 in Komorze;
Anastazja was the mother of BRYGIDA MIELZYNSKA - b. 1775, died in Poznan, m. Mikolaj Gorgoni Mielzynski - the grandson of ANDRZEJ MIELZYNSKI b. 1698.
Michal Skorzewski in 1786 was the owner of Broniszewice, close to Pleszew, died in 1789, and Broniszewice then inherited STADNICKI ie. the children of Teresa WEZYK married Franciszek Stadnicki.

Jozef Ignacy Skorzewski was the Gniezno official, leased Raszkow in 1802 from hands of Juljanna Arnold, the daughter of Kasper Kiedrzynski and Marjanna; and from Helena Kiedrzynska widowed after death bef. 1802 of Izydor Kiedrzynski in JEDLNO. Jozef Skorzewski had a sister Antonina.

My family - Kiedrzynski - was living close to Pleszew, Kalisz [the 30' of the 18th cent.] and to Ostrow Wielkopolski [from the 40' of the 18th century] in the Sobotka parish and the Raszkow parish.
They intermarried with the Nostitz-Jackowski family and the Pstrokonski clan [after ca 1736 {not aft. 1730}].

Jan Nepomucen Ksawery Nostitz-Jackowski born 1770, was the son of Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski and Marianna nee Kczewska / Marcianna Antonie Barbara Nostitz-Jackowska
[Marianna Kczewski / Marcianna Antonie Barbara Nostitz-Jackowska Kczewska, born in Straszewo, near by KWIDZN/MALBORK - the wife of Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski].

Aleksander Jackowski was born in 1729 ie. Aleksander Nostitz-Jackowski, b. ca 1729 - d. 1802 in the Nogat river close to Malbork.
The son of Michal Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1705, d. ca 1766.
The grandson of Jan Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1670.

Antoni Skorzewski, 1710 - 1766 m. Anna Nostitz - Jackowska [Anna Skorzewska born Nostitz-Jackowska], ca 1710/1715 - 1768. Anna was the daughter of above Jan Nostitz-Jackowski b. ca 1670.

Anna Skorzewska Jackowska had one sister Franciszka Nostitz-Jackowski married Kiedrzynska. Franciszka JACKOWSKA married Andrzej Kiedrzynski b. 1715/1720, then he was the owner of Bieganin close to RASZKOW. Her son Jakub Kiedrzynski was the posesor of Orpiszewek close to PLESZEW. Jakub's brother was IZYDOR Kiedrzynski - my line.

Maria Hutten-Czapska b. 1760, m. Gen.-Major Mikolaj Adrian Joachim Hutten-Czapski of Bukowiec, 1804 Count,
with children:
1.
Franciszek Ignacy Dionizy Hutten-Czapski b. 1797;
2.
Antonina Skorzewski

[Css Antonina Barbara Skorzewska, nee Hutten-Czapska, 1802 - 1872 in Kretkow; the daughter of Mikolaj Adrian Joachim Hutten-Czapski and Maria Hutten-Czapska.
Wife of Antoni Beniamin Bartlomiej Skorzewski b. 1803 in Nekla.
Mother of Joanna Helena Gliszczynska; and Wanda Szymanowska.
Above Antoni Beniamin Bartlomiej Skorzewski was the son of
Jozef SKORZEWSKI and Helena Lipska.
Jozef Skorzewski, b. 1757 = Jozef Ignacy Wojciech Skorzewski, senior, 1757 - ca 1809.

Rajmund Skorzewski d. 1859 in Bucz, in the WOLSZTYN county, 9 km east to Przemet,
6 km south-west to Popowo Stare,
9 km south-west to WILKOWO POLSKIE of Szoldrski and Zamoyska-Kiedzynska.
RAJMUND Skorzewski in 1823 married Marianna Balbina Seweryna Lipska.
He was son of Jozef Skorzewski and Helena Lipska - compare above.
Jozef Skorzewski leased RASZKOW from the Kiedrzynskis.
Marianna was the daughter of Jozef Lipski, and she was his cousin. Rajmund Skorzewski was the insurgent in 1848, in Czerniejewo. In 1840 in Berlin he took a title of Count. Rajmund's mother was above Helena Skorzewska, nee Lipska, 1766 - 1832, married JOZEF Skorzewski = Jozef Ignacy Skorzewski, b. in 1757 in Komorze, close to Nowe Miasto by Warta river, and died ca 1809. Helena was the daughter of Jan Lipski and Marianna Kozminska.

Franciszek Stanislaw Kostka Czapski Hutten born 1725, d. 1802 in Warsaw;
his children:
a.
Maria Hutten-Czapska b. 1760, m. Gen.-Major Mikolaj Adrian Joachim Hutten-Czapski of Bukowiec, 1804 Count,
with children:
1.
Franciszek Ignacy Dionizy Hutten-Czapski b. 1797;
2.
Antonina Skorzewski / Css Antonina Barbara Skorzewska, nee Hutten-Czapska, 1802 - 1872 in Kretkow.
b.
Anna Hutten-CZAPSKI b. ca 1765
[Anna was the granddaughter of
Augustyn Dzialynski, 1715 - 1759.
Augustyn Dzialynski was the owner of PAKOSC.
Augustyn was the Wschowa official - see Stanislaw Kostka Kiedrzynski in Wschowa - in 1742-1743, the governor of Kalisz in 1750-1758; Augustyn Dzialynski in 1730 - the owner of PAKOSC; Kornik, Koscielec, Dzialyn, Konarzew, Sokolow and Zakrzew.
Augustyn married Anna Radomnicka of Inowroclaw, with 4 daughters and 2 sons:
Ignacy Dzialynski and Ksawery Dzialynski; both of the sons owned Koscielec near to PAKOSC].

Anna Czapski married Jozef Oskierka

[JOZEF Oskierka was the son of Antoni Oskierka, b. ca 1740, and Teresa Eperyaszy.
Antoni Oskierka was the son of Ludwik Gerwazy Oskierka, 1710 - 1770 and Teresa Tyzenhauz;
and the grandson of
Antoni Oskierka, senior, 1670-1734
{see: Miezonka of the Konstantynowicz from Radziwill}
and Zofia Stadnicka-Kolenda].

Franciszek Czapski, the father of Jozef's Oskierka wife Anna Czapska, was the governor of Chelmno. Franciszek Czapski known Stanislaw Kostka Bielinski.

Jozef Oskierka in 1788 was the owner of Szack ie. Szack-Bialy, in the IHUMEN county.

c.
Ignacy CZAPSKI born 1770,
d.
Franciszek CZAPSKI b. ca 1770;
e.
Karol CZAPSKI, b. in Minsk 1777 - died in 1836 [the Czapskis leased Miezonka, 1832-1842], m. Fabianna Obuchowicz
(next generation - Emeryk CZAPSKI, b. 1828);
f.
Stanislaw CZAPSKI, 1779-1844, m. Zofia Obuchowicz, Colonel under Napoleon.

See relationships and camaraderie between TADEUSZ WOLANSKI [net of the Illuminati of Courland in 1795-1800] and Rajmund Skorzewski of Czerlejno / Czerniejew / Czerniejew-Radomice, ie. Rajmund Jozef Jan Skorzewski, Count, b. 1791 in Nekla, at the way from Kostrzyn to Wrzesnia.
Rajmund Skorzewski, died in 1859, in Bucz, in the WOLSZTYN county
[24 km south-east of Wolsztyn],
18 km south-west to STARY BIALCZ,
8 / 9 km east to Przemet, 6 km south-west to Popowo Stare,
9 km south-west to WILKOWO POLSKIE of Szoldrski and Zamoyska-Kiedzynska.

RAJMUND Skorzewski was son of Jozef Skorzewski and Helena Lipska.
Jozef Skorzewski / Jozef Ignacy was the Gniezno official; Jozef Ignacy Skorzewski leased Raszkow in 1802 from hands of Juljanna Arnold, the daughter of Kasper Kiedrzynski and Marjanna; and from Helena Kiedrzynska widowed after death bef. 1802 Izydor Kiedrzynski in JEDLNO [my family].

Izabela in 1731 m. Izydor Zakrzewski of Pakoslaw, and mentioned Bialcz was taken by ZAKRZEWSKI.
Pakoslaw - 15/19 km east to RAWICZ. Pakoslaw is a village in the Rawicz County, Greater Poland. Zakrzewski bought in 1788 Kobylniki [4 km east to Bialcz] and a half of Krzan, 2 km north to Bialcz.

Izydor Zakrzewski was the owner of Stary Bialcz, from hands of his wife - Izabela RADOMICKA, Zakrzewska, the owner of Stary Bialcz.

Ignacy Wyssogota Zakrzewski, b. 1745 in Stary Bialcz [not in Pakoslaw] and died in 1802 in Zelechow, the first President of Warsaw, the Poznan official in 1790-1795, 1787-1790, and in 1786-1787, MP, the Freemason,
the owner of CHOCEN and Bodzanowka,
was the son of mentioned
Izydor Zakrzewski [b. ca 1710], the SANTOK governor, and Izabella Radomicka,
the daughter of Wladyslaw Radomicki, the Poznan governor.

Stary Bialcz is situated north to Smigiel.

Chocen:

Pawel Alexander MIEROSLAWSKI, 1777 - ca 1837 + Eufrozyna Komorowska d. 1837. Named Eufrozyna Komorowska b. ca 1780, died in WARSAW in 1846 m. Pawel Aleksander Mieroslawski. Note - among the patriots traced by the invaders' authorities, in 1832-1833, were women; the list of women-Polish conspirators, blessed with the grace of the Moscow governor in the Kingdom of Poland, in December 1833 - as follows:
Eufrozyna Miroslawska / Eufrozyna Mieroslawska Komorowska, of Lubranszczyk = Lubraniec [11 km south-west to BRZESC KUJAWSKI and 16 km north-west to CHOCEN], the WOMAN-CONSPIRATOR in 1832/1833 -
preparations were directed by the Nameless Union / Unknown Association.

Leon Wladyslaw Loewenstein de Lenval was industrialist and philanthropist. He was the third son among five children of a wealthy Jewish merchant Jacob Loewenstein and Dorothy Kronenberg, older sister of Leopold Kronenberg; after graduating in 1855 of the Institute of Agriculture and Forestry at Marymont in Warsaw, he worked as administrator of property of Kronenberg in Brzezie in the area of Wloclawek
[Brzezie is situated at half way from Badkowo to WIENIEC - west to WLOCLAWEK; Wieniec, 9 km north-east to Brzesc Kujawski. Brzesc Kujawski is situated north-west to Chocen and Kowal - net of communist underground after 1945].

Wojciech Madalinski had a brother who died 1639, and left a son Bonawentura Dobrogost Madalinski, 1620-1691, the Bishop of Kujawy 1680-1691, of PLOCK in 1673-1680, the priest in WLOCLAWEK in 1663;
with Wojciech's children:
Anna Konstancja + Antoni Turski; and
Franciszek Madalinski, the priest in Kruszwica and in Brzesc Kujawski in 1724;
also the son Samuel Madalinski, the owner of CHOCEN in 1731, + Wiktoria WIERZBOWSKA;
Lukasz Madalinski of KOWAL, b. ca 1700;
Walenty Madalinski, b. ca 1700.

Samuel Madalinski in 1731 was the owner of CHOCEN. Samuel Madalinski died before 1738, left children with his wife Wiktorja Wierzbowski:
Jakob Madalinski [b. ca 1720 ?] and
Eufrozyna + Jakob Krasnicki.

Jakob Madalinski [b. ca 1720 ?; the son of above SAMUEL] in 1748 was the owner of Cerekwia / CEREKIEW, 8/9 km west to RADOM. But sold this property - he was living close to Brzesc Kujawski and KOWAL.
Samuel had brothers:
Lukasz Madalinski, b. ca 1700,
and Walenty Madalinski.
Mentioned above Lukasz Madalinski, b. ca 1700, official in KOWAL close to Wloclawek, in 1727, in 1748; bought a part of named above Cerekiew in 1748;
his brother - Walenty Madalinski - inf. 1767.
Lukasz married Ewa Estka, with the daughter
Teresa + Stanislaw Dambski in 1771, official in BRZESC KUJAWSKI. Teresa died after 1796.
Lukasz's son - Zenon Bonawentura Madalinski, born ca 1725.

Above Walenty Madalinski, official in KOWAL in 1740, in Brzesc Kujawski in 1746; he bought Borzymowice in 1740 - 4 km west to CHOCEN; m. Helena Umiastowski.

Osiecz Wielki is situated 10 km south-west of Chocen; 10 km north-west of CHODECZ; east of Izbica Kujawska; south of Wloclawek, BADKOWO and Brzesc Kujawski.
Osiecz Wielki - here was born Jacek Plater in 1932, son of Count and landowner.
Jacek come from Wilhelm Ignacy Broel-Plater, b. 1791 in Pinsk, d. 1854,
the son of
Jozef Antoni Wilhelm Broel-Plater, b. in SZADEK in 1750.

Jozef Antoni Wilhelm Broel-Plater b. in SZADEK in 1750 was the son of PETRONELA NAGORSKA and Wilhelm Jan Plater, 1715 - d. 1769 in Vilnius,
who was the son of
Jan Plater and Elena Filipina OGINSKA, b. ca 1694 in Mogilev by Dniepr river.

Ignacy Zakrzewski of Chocen, FREEMASON, was the brother of Franciszka Skorzewska.
Franciszka was the wife of Gabriel Skorzewski, born ca 1700/1715, who was the son of
Andrzej Skorzewski and Dorota CHLAPOWSKA [ie. Andrzej Tomasz Skorzewski, 1674 - 1726 + Dorota Choinska / Dorota Chlapowska Choinska ?].

Ignacy Zakrzewski was the son of Izydor Zakrzewski [b. ca 1705/1715 - died bef. 1775] and Izabela RADOMICKA, Zakrzewska.
The grandparents of named Ignacy Zakrzewski, the Freemason:
Andrzej ZAKRZEWSKI [b. ca 1670/1675 - 1738, the governor of SANTOK in the Great Poland] and Franciszka Mielzynska, 1677 - 1764 [marriage ca 1699; she died in PAKOSLAW].
The great-grandparents -
Aleksander Zakrzewski, b. ca 1640, d. bef. 1700;
and Marianna Suchorzewska.
Teresa Baranowska, died in 1682 +
Maciej Mielzynski, b. in 1636, Niegolewo and he died in April 1697 in Goscieszyn.

Jozef Blizinski came with his parents to the cousin's family:
Konstancja [died in 1840] and Ignacy Zakrzewski [died in 1802], the owners of Chocen and Bodzanowka / Bodzanowo (before 1842).

Above Ignacy Wyssogota Zakrzewski / Ignacy Zakrzewski was the Freemason, and the Mayor of Warsaw, b. 1745 - Pakoslaw, d. 1802 - Zelechow
[Ignacy married to Konstancja Zakrzewska, 1760 - 1840, the daughter of
Antoni Wyssogota-Zakrzewski, the governor of LAD, 1710-1779, and
Agnieszka Anna Bielinska, 1731-1779.
Konstancja was the sister of Antoni Zakrzewski, JUNIOR, b. ca 1760].

Ignacy was the son of Izydor Zakrzewski [b. ca 1705/1715 - died bef. 1775] and Izabela RADOMICKA, Zakrzewska.
The grandparents of named Ignacy Zakrzewski, the Freemason:
Andrzej ZAKRZEWSKI [b. ca 1670/1675 - 1738, the governor of SANTOK in the Great Poland] and Franciszka Mielzynska, 1677 - 1764 [marriage ca 1699; she died in PAKOSLAW].

Remember now on the daughters of Maciej Mielzynski (1636 or born 1638-1697) and TERESA:
1.
Ludwika MIELZYNSKA, 1st married Rafal Tworzyjanski, official in Wschowa, 2nd to Adam Poninski [ca 1680 - 1732], oldest - the ILLUMINATI net;
2.
Franciszka Mielzynska, m. Andrzej Zakrzewski / Andrzej Antoni Zakrzewski, b. ca 1670, d. in 1738.
3.
MACIEJ MIELZYNSKI m. 3rd in Pawlowice in 1684 to Katarzyna Mycielska.
Named Maciej born in 1636, with 2nd wife Elzbieta Baranowska had son
KRZYSZTOF Mielzynski, died in 1721,
ie. Krzysztof Ignacy Mielzynski born before 1670 in Dabrowa (Kaisersfelde), close to Mogilno - west to RADZIEJOW.

Named Maciej Mielzynski was born in 1636 in Niegolewo west to Poznan, close to Opalenica [8 km north-west to BUK, 25 km south-west to LUSOWO]; d. 1697 in Goscieszyn near Wolsztyn (Wollstein).
Maciej Mielzynski with 3rd wife had the daughter
4.
Urszula Mielzynska (1689-1743) m. Antoni Walknowski,
with the sons -
a. Owidiusz Wierusz-Walknowski, the husband of BRYGIDA BARDZKA [2nd to Jakub Kiedrzynski].
b. Ewa Franciszka Agnieszka Rokossowska married 1st Bonawentura Wierusz-Walknowski. Bonawentura Wierusz-Walknowski b. 1720, was the son of Antoni WALKNOWSKI and Urszula Mielzynska.
5.
MACIEJ's Mielzynski next daughter was Elzbieta Mielzynska, 1687-1716, m. Franciszek Wessel, official in Zakroczym, 1680-1724, the brother of Wojciech Wessel who was the father of famous Teodor Wessel, 1730-1791 - the supporter of Adam Poninski junior.
Elzbieta had a son Stanislaw Wessel, b. 1716, and the granddaughter Jozefa Wessel married to Jan Kajetan Benedykt ILINSKI b. 1731,
with the son
Jozef August Ilinski, the Tadeusz Grabianka's supporter - the core of the ILLUMINATI movement and the TEMPLARS.

Ignacy Zakrzewski of CHOCEN [close to Wloclawek], married to Konstancja Zakrzewska, 1760 - 1840, the daughter of Antoni Wyssogota-Zakrzewski, the governor of LAD, 1710-1779, and Agnieszka Anna Bielinska, 1731 - after 1779.
Agnieszka Anna Bielinska, b. 1730/1731, was the daughter of Aleksander Bielinski, the LAD governor, 1670-1735, and Elzbieta Pawlowska.

KASPER MODLIBOWSKI married 1st voto Agnieszka Bielinska, the daughter of Aleksander Bielinski [d. 1735] and Elzbieta Katarzyna PAWLOWSKA. Agnieszka was the 2nd wife of Antoni Zakrzewski, senior.
Kasper Modlibowski, 1687 - 1753, the son of Stanislaw Modlibowski and Dorota CIELECKA. Kasper was the official in Miedzyrzecz, and in Wschowa.

Above Aleksander Bielinski, b. ca 1670, d. 1735, was the son of
Adam Bielinski and Barbara Pogorzelska. Named Adam Bielinski, b. ca 1645, d. 1700, was the son of
Aleksander Bielinski, older, b. ca 1620, and Marianna Odolinska.
Aleksander Bielinski b. ca 1620 maybe was the brother of Franciszek Bielinski, senior, b. ca 1620, and Anna Akerstoff see below.

Marcin Mikolaj Radziwill, b. 1705 in Ciemkowicze, General Lieutenant, d. 1782 in Sluck, the son of Jan Mikolaj Radziwill [the co-owner of OSTROW WIELKOPOLSKI with the Przebendowskis], and Dorota Henryka Przebendowska [b. ca 1680 ?] 2nd voto Franciszek Bielinski [1683 - 1766].
Marcin Mikolaj Radziwill, b. 1705, came from the same branch of the Radziwills as Stefania Julia Radziwill, the lady-owner of Miezonka in the Berezyna parish
[in 1742, the land belonged to the Konstantynowiczs. Berezyna and Lubuszany were owned by the Potockis came from Artur Potocki, the Templar. Lubuszany is situated at half way from BEREZYNA to MIEZONKA]
and as Stanislaw Radziwill, b. 1722, and his family: Soltan - Piottuch-Kublicki - Szumski - Konstantynowicz [the 40' of the 19th century].
Above Franciszek BIELINSKI, junior, b. 1683, was the son of Kazimierz Ludwik Bielinski, 1650-1713,
and the grandson of
Franciszek Bielinski, senior, b. ca 1620, and Anna Akerstoff.

Above Kazimierz Ludwik Bielinski, b. ca 1650, d. 1713, the Crown Marshal in 1702-1713, in 1682 he married Ludwika Maria MORSZTYN, the daughter of Andrzej Morsztyn.
Kazimierz's sons:
1.
Franciszek Bielinski, junior, b. 1683 - 1766, the Crown Marshal in 1742-1766, the Chelmno governor in 1725-1732, m. above Dorota Przebendowska;
2.
Michal Bielinski [b. ca 1690] died 1746/1747, the Chelmno province governor in 1738, he Sztum office, 1725 the King court, 1736-1742 in Kozlowka palace near by Lubartow;
m. 1st to Aurora Maria Rutowska, the daughter of Fryderyk August II and Fatima,
the granddaughter of
Jan Jerzy II Saxon / Sas and Anna Zofia of Danmark, 2-v. Claude Marie de Bellegarde;
m. 2nd time to Tekla Peplowski, the grand-daughter of Jadwiga Niemyski, of the Kozlowka estate.

Ignacy Zakrzewski of CHOCEN [close to Wloclawek], married to Konstancja Zakrzewska, 1760 - 1840,
the daughter of Antoni Wyssogota-Zakrzewski, the governor of LAD, 1710-1779, and Agnieszka Anna Bielinska, 1731-1779.

Above Adam Karol Poninski (1732 - 1798), Duke in 1773, the Prior of the Polish Maltese Order.
Adam Poninski (1732 or 1733 - 23 July 1798), one of the leaders of the Radom Confederation of 1767, Grand Treasurer of the Crown (from 1775), member of the Permanent Council, he is remembered as the infamous Marshal of the Parliament, together with Michal Hieronim Radziwill, in 1773 - 1775.
His son, Adam Poninski, born in 1758, General.

De Toux / Detoux / de Thoux, de Salvert / de Salverte b. 1707, died in 1797 or 1794.
Toux de Salvert was a mathematics' scholar, ... draughtsman, and polyglot, was born near Tournai. FREEMASON in Poland.
Named Tournai / Tornai, as Dornick in English, is a municipality of Belgium, 85 kilometres southwest of Brussels {THUIN is situated south of Brussels}. "In 1713, under terms of the Treaty of Utrecht the former Spanish Netherlands, including Tournai, came into possession of the Austrian Habsburgs".
In 1794, France annexed the Austrian Netherlands.
In 1804 the County of Walhain
{Walhain is the Municipality, Province of Walloon Brabant, Belgium - south-east to Bruxelles}
was owned by Armande Victoire Rohan Soubise.

Victoire-Armande-Josephe de Rohan (b. 1743, d. 1807) was the daughter of Charles de Rohan, prince de Soubise.

Charles de Rohan, prince de Soubise was the son of Jules Francois Louis de Rohan and the
grandson of Hercule Meriadec de Rohan, Duke de Rohan, principe de Soubise, b. 1669

[Hercule Meriadec de Rohan, Duke de Rohan, principe de Soubise had the brother
Armand de Rohan, cardinal de Strasbourg;
and sisters - Emilie Sophronie Pelagie de Rohan and Constance Emilie de Rohan, princesse de Rouhen-Soubise].

Charles de Rohan, prince de Soubise was the great-grandson of Francois de Rohan, Principe de Soubise;
the great-great-grandson of Hercule de Rohan, 2nd Duke of Montbazon and Count of ROCHEFORT.
Named here Hercule de Rohan (1568 - 1654) was the second Duke of Montbazon

[his great-grandson also was Charles III de Rohan-Guemene (1655 - 1727), Duke of Montbazon, Prince of Guemene, Peer of France].

ROHAN-POLDUC branch come from the Rohan-Gue-de-l'Isle branch and of Rohan eldest branch; from Rohan eldest branch come Rohan-GUEMENE and from Guemene line come
1. Rohan-Rochefort and
2. Rochan-Soubise.

Mentioned Victoire-Armande-Josephe de Rohan (b. 1743, d. 1807) / Victoire de Rohan was married to Henri Louis Marie de Rohan, duc de Montbazon,
the son of Jules Hercule Meriadec de Rohan, b. 1726
[the branch of Courland],
and the grandson of
Hercule 2nd Meriadec de Rohan, prince de Guemene, b. 1688
- the son of named above
Charles III de Rohan-Guemene (1655 - 1727), Duke of Montbazon, Prince of Guemene, Peer of France.

Louis Rene Edouard de Rohan known as Cardinal de Rohan (25 September 1734 - 16 February 1803), prince de Rohan-Guemene, was a French bishop of Strasbourg, the cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.

Louis de Rohan was the brother of above Jules Hercule Meriadec de Rohan, b. 1726.

Louis Rene Edouard de Rohan-Guemene, Cardinal de Rohan,
His parents were
Hercule Meriadec, Prince of Guemene and Louise Gabrielle Julie de Rohan.
In 1760, he was nominated coadjutor to his uncle, Louis Constantin de Rohan-Rochefort, the Strasbourg bishop, and he was appointed a bishop of Canopus, Egypt.
Louis de Rohan was opposed to the Austrian alliance. In 1771/1772, Louis de Rohan was sent to Vienna, because of the partition of Poland.
Empress Maria Theresa was hostile to his intrigues. Rohan was soon returned to Strasbourg.
In 1778, Louis Rene Edouard de Rohan-Guemene, Cardinal de Rohan was made a cardinal on the nomination of Stanislaus Poniatowski (Stanislaw August Poniatowski, the king of Poland).
In 1779, Louis de Rohan succeeded his uncle, Louis Constantin de Rohan-Rochefort, the Strasbourg bishop, ie. Constantine de Rohan-Rochefort, as bishop of Strasbourg [Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697-1779), see below !].
Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697 - 1779), the Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg in 1756-1779, was succeeded by Louis Rene Edouard de Rohan-Guemene, Cardinal de Rohan (1734 - 1803), prince de Rohan-Guemene, a French bishop of Strasbourg, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, the son of Hercule Meriadec, Prince of Guemene and Louise Gabrielle Julie de Rohan.

In 1779, Louis de Rohan succeeded his uncle, Constantine de Rohan-Rochefort, as bishop of Strasbourg, though he spent much of his career working in Paris.
In 1789 Louis was chosen to the Estates-General in 1789, in Haguenau and Wissembourg. In 1791 he back to Ettenheim, in the German part of his diocese. He was
the titular Bishop of Canopus / Canopo, Egypt in Alexandria / Alessandria.
Louis-Rene-Edouard de Rohan-Guemenee of Guemene, b. 1734, d. 1803; in 1760 appointed, and in 1779 succeeded, Bishop of Strasbourg;

Louis de Rohan had parents:
Hercule Meriadec, Prince of Guemene and Louise Gabrielle Julie de Rohan.

Members of the Rohan family had the office of Bishop of Strasbourg since 1704.

Mentioned Louis Cesar Constantin de Rohan (1697, Paris - 1779, Paris) was the son of
Charles III de Rohan, and his 2nd wife, Charlotte-Elisabeth de Cochefilet.
The cousin of Armand-Gaston-Maximilien de Rohan.
His brother Armand-Jules de Rohan-Guemene, was the archbishop of Reims.

Louis-Cesar-Constantin de Rohan was the Knight of Malta.

Above Charles de Rohan (1655 - 1727) was Duke of Montbazon, and prince de Guemene. He was the son of
Charles de Rohan and Jeanne Armande de Schomberg.

We back to Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697-1779), appointed Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg and Graf of Alsace in 1756 on the death of his uncle Armand de Rohan-Soubise

[Cardinal Francois-Armand-Auguste de Rohan-Soubise, Prince of Tournon, Prince of Rohan (1717, Paris - 1756, Saverne)].
He was created cardinal by Pope Clement XIII in 1761.

Above Cardinal Francois-Armand-Auguste de Rohan-Soubise, Prince of Tournon, Prince of Rohan b. 1717, d. 1756 in Saverne, was the Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg.
His parents,
Anne Julie de Melun and Jules, de ROHAN, Prince de Soubise, ie. Cardinal de Soubise.

Above Cardinal Francois-Armand-Auguste de Rohan-Soubise, Prince of Tournon, Prince of Rohan, in 1742, was appointed coadjutor bishop of the Diocese of Strasbourg. Compare the visit from COURLAND here.
He was the great-nephew of the Prince-Bishop, Cardinal Armand Gaston Maximilien de Rohan, and
Cardinal Francois-Armand-Auguste de Rohan-Soubise, Prince of Tournon, Prince of Rohan, was named as the bishop of Ptolemais in Palestine (now Acre, Israel).
Compare Pinto in Malta in 1741 and Althotas.

Cardinal Francois-Armand-Auguste de Rohan-Soubise, Prince of Tournon, Prince of Rohan, was consecrated a bishop in 1742/1743 and a cardinal in 1747.
Upon the death of his great-uncle
[Armand de Rohan / Armand Gaston Maximilien, 1674 - 1749) was a French bishop of Strasbourg in 1704]
in 1749, he became Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg in 1749.

Mentioned Armand de Rohan / Armand Gaston Maximilien, 1674 - 1749, a French bishop of Strasbourg in 1704, Cardinal in 1712,
Grand Almoner of France in 1713 and member of the regency council in 1722
[compare a trip of Peter the Great of Russia to West Europe in 1697, incognito with the so-called Grand Embassy to seek the aid of the European monarchs. In 1697 he traveled to the Netherlands, in England, visited Manchester, and "in 1698 Peter sent a delegation to Malta to observe the training and abilities of the Knights of Malta and their fleet"].

Robert Erskine born 1677 in Alva, in the Clackmannanshire, Scotland, died 1718 in Olonets, Karelia, in Russia.
The son of Sir Charles Erskine 1st Baronet of Alva and Christian Dundas.
A granite memorial tablet to Sir Robert Erskine, the 6th son of Sir Charles Erskine of Alva is situated at the Alva Kirkyard in Scotand.
Above Sir Charles Erskine, 1st Baronet (1643 - 1690), of Alva, Fife, was sat in the Scottish Conventions in 1665 and 1667.
Charles Erskine, 1st Baronet b. 1643,
was the son of
Sir Charles Erskine of Alva b. 1611, and Mary Hope;
and the grandson of
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, b. 1556 in Stirling;
and the great-grandson of
Sir John Erskine, 18th Earl of Mar, b. 1510/1520 in Erskine.

John Erskine, Earl of Mar (born ca 1510/1520, died 1572), the 18th earl (in the 1st creation) or the 1st earl; the regent of Scotland,
was a son of
John ERSKINE, 5th Lord Erskine [his father as 6th Lord Erskine died maybe in 1552 or 1551], who was guardian of King James V and afterwards of Mary, Queen of Scots.

By Wikipedia:
"Robert Erskine (1677-1718) was an advisor to Tsar Peter the Great. He became one of the Tsar's most powerful advisors. He is the first cousin of
John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1675-1732)".
John Erskine, Earl of Mar,
(born in 1675 in Alloa, Clackmannanshire, SCOTLAND
[Alloa is south of the Ochil Hills, 5.5 miles (8.9 km) east of Stirling and 7.9 miles (12.7 km) north of Falkirk]
- died in May 1732 at Free City Aix-la-Chapelle
[in 1729 he went to Aix-la-Chapelle, then France, but now Aachen, near Koln],
now Aachen / Akwizgran, North Rhine-Westphalia in GERMANY.
Mar intrigued against James, and by 1725 he was no longer welcome at James's court in exile),
Scottish Jacobite, was the eldest son of Charles, Earl of Mar (who died in 1689),
Charles, Earl of Mar, b. 1650, d. 1689, was regarded as both the 22nd earl (in the 1st creation) and the 5th earl (in the 7th). He raised the 21st Regiment of Foot, or Royal Scots Fusiliers, in 1679.
Charles was the son of
John Erskine, 21st / 4th Earl of Mar, b. 1605,
and the grandson of
John Erskine, 20th Earl of Mar, b. 1585.
The great-grandson of
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar and Anne Drummond.
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, was born in 1556 in Stirling.

Mentioned Robert Erskine studied medical department in Edinburgh, then in Paris and Utrecht and was made a member of the Royal Society in 1703. "He arrived in Russia in 1704. Head of the entire medical chancellery, he was the Tsar's chief physician. ... he was appointed the first director of the St. Petersburg Kunstkamera and library"
In 1716, the Tsar designated him to privy councillor.
Robert Erskine was a part of masonic network of Scottish Jacobites that influenced the Russian court ...".
Peter's Chief Physician, President of the Apothecary Chancellery, Robert Erskine, was charged with supervision over the books and naturalia.

Royal Stirling Castle, located in Stirling, is one of the largest and most important castles in Scotland.
John Erskine, 1st Earl of Mar, began building his residence on becoming keeper of Stirling Castle.
James, Duke of Albany, later King James VII of Scotland and II of England, visited the castle in 1681.
At the accession of King George I in 1714, John Erskine, 6th Earl of Mar was deprived of the governorship, as well as the post of Scottish Secretary. In response, he raised the standard of James Stuart, the "Old Pretender", in the Jacobite rising of 1715.
John Erskine, 6th Earl of Mar,
was the 23rd Earl of Mar in the first creation of the earldom. He was also the sixth earl in the seventh creation (of 1565). Other sources count him as 22nd earl, still others number him 11th earl.
John Erskine, Earl of Mar, born in 1675 in Alloa, 9 km east of Stirling, and he was died in May 1732 at Free City Aix-la-Chapelle. In 1729 he went to Aix-la-Chapelle, then France, but now Aachen, near Koln. Scottish Jacobite, was the eldest son of Charles, Earl of Mar (who died in 1689), from whom he inherited estates.

James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas b. ca 1646,
was the son of
Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus and 1st Earl of Ormonde, and Lady Anne Stuart.
James, second marquis of Douglas, born in 1646, succeeded his grandfather in 1660, and was a privy councillor to Kings Charles II and James VII

{James II and VII b. 1633, was King of England and Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII. He was the last Roman Catholic monarch of England, Scotland and Ireland. The second surviving son of Charles I, he ascended the throne upon the death of his brother, Charles II.

James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales b. 1688, nicknamed the Old Pretender,
was the son of
King James II and VII of England, Scotland and Ireland, and his second wife, Mary of Modena.
In 1719, James Francis Edward Stuart married at the chapel of the Episcopal Palace in Montefiascone, near Viterbo, to
Maria Clementina Sobieska (1702-1735), the daughter of Jakub Sobieski, the granddaughter of King John III Sobieski of Poland.
He had two sons:
1. Charles Edward Stuart b. 1720, nicknamed "Bonnie Prince Charlie";
2. Henry Benedict Stuart b. 1725, a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church}.

His [James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas] first marriage was in 1670 to the Lady Barbara Erskine,
daughter of
John Erskine, 21st Earl of Mar and Jean Mackenzie.
He later married Mary Kerr, daughter of Robert Kerr, 1st Marquess of Lothian and Lady Jean Campbell.
Robert Kerr, 1st Marquess of Lothian, b. 1636, known as the 4th Earl of Lothian from 1675 to 1701.

James Francis Harry St. Clair-Erskine, 5th Earl of Rosslyn, 1869 - 1939,
the son of
Robert Francis St. Clair-Erskine, 4th Earl of Rosslyn and Blanche Adeliza St. Clair-Erskine.
He come from
James St Clair-Erskine, 2nd Earl of Rosslyn, 1762 - 1837,
who gone from
John Erskine, b. ca 1675 in Tillicoultry, Scotland, died in 1739.
Son of Sir Charles Erskine, 1st Baronet of Alva and Christian Dundas.
Husband of Catherine St Clair.
And this is a branch of
Charles Erskine, of Alva, born in 1611 in Stirling, Scotland, died in 1663;
the son of
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar and Lady Marie Stewart;
husband of Mary Hope.

Above Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, born in 1556 in Stirling, near DRUMMOND, died in 1634, Stirling, Scotland.
Sir Charles Erskine of Alva b. 1611, m. Mary Hope; Charles was the son of
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, b. 1556 in Stirling;
and the grandson of
Sir John Erskine, 18th Earl of Mar, b. 1510/1520 in Erskine. He married Annabelle Murray.

See also:
Charles Erskine, Earl of Mar (1650 - 1689), a Scottish nobleman.
He is regarded as both the 22nd earl (in the 1st creation) and the 5th earl (in the 7th) [= the 21st Earl of Mar (who died in 1689)].
On 2 April 1674 he married Mary Maule, daughter of George Maule, 2nd Earl of Panmure.
Their son
John Erskine succeeded to the title [John Erskine, 22nd and de jure 6th Earl of Mar, (1675 - May 1732), Scottish Jacobite].

Charles b. 1650, was the son of
Sir John Erskine, 21st Earl of Mar, 9th Lord Erskine, b. 1605 in Kildrummy, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, died in 1668.
John 21st was the son of
John, Earl of Mar and Lady Jean Hay, ie.
John Erskine, Earl of Mar, b. ca 1580,
the son of
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar and Anne Erskine. Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, born in 1556 in Stirling, near DRUMMOND, died in 1634, Stirling, Scotland.
Son of
Sir John Erskine, 18th Earl of Mar, b. ca 1510/1520, and Annabelle Murray;
husband of Lady Marie Stewart and Anne Erskine.

John Erskine, Earl of Mar, b. ca 1580 was the husband of Lady Jean Hay.

Note:

"Andrew Michael Ramsay (1686 - 1743), commonly called the Chevalier Ramsay,
was a Scottish-born writer who lived most of his adult life in France. He was a Baronet in the Jacobite Peerage.
Ramsay was born in Ayr, Scotland, the son of a baker. In 1710 he visited Francois Fenelon in the Netherlands ... remained in France until 1724 ... 1724, Ramsay was sent to Rome ... Ramsay was associated with the court party of
John Erskine, Duke of Mar
... 1724 Ramsay was back in Paris. Ramsay was in England in 1730 ... died at St Germain-en-Laye ... 1743. ...".
Ramsay was associated with Freemasonry from its introduction in France (1725 - 1726).
Charles Radclyffe, Earl of Derwentwater, who acted as Grand Master for France beginning in 1736, was present at Ramsay's funeral.

Peter the Great, the Russian Tsar took two trips abroad, his first trip in 1697-1698, and the second one in 1717-1718.
In 1716 and 1717, the Tsar revisited the Netherlands and went to see Herman Boerhaave. He continued his travel to the Austrian Netherlands and France; the Electorate of Hanover and the Kingdom of Prussia.
The Tsar's navy was powerful enough that the Russians could penetrate Sweden.
In 1717 Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky led the first Russian military expedition into Central Asia.
The trips originated from political and military interests of Russia, to creation of a new image of the changing Russia. Russian diplomats and publishers wrote about the new Russia on the European magazines. In 1706, 'Journal de Trevoux' wrote that sciences were moving up-North, where 'presently ruling Tsar Peter Alekseyevich has a strong intention to enlighten his state'.
Peter's Chief Physician, President of the Apothecary Chancellery, Robert Erskine, was charged with supervision over the books and naturalia.
Erskine had to accompany the Tsar in his military expeditions, and, therefore, he hired
Johann Daniel Schumacher, the secretary of the Apothecary Chancellery,
who was born in Colmar and graduated from the University of Strasbourg in 1711.
Schumacher arranged preparations for opening the public Museum and public Library.
It happened in 1714 when Schumacher came to St Petersburg to Erskine.
"J. D. Schumacher, who had been in charge of the Kunstkamera and Library for many decades, mentioned 1714 as the date of the establishment of the first Russian State Public Museum and Library".
The Kunstkamera became organized as a state-of-the-art for that time universal museum.

Robert Erskine (1677 - 1718) wrote in Paris about Jacob Le Mort and his alchemical works.
Erskine undertake alchemical experiments in Moscow in 1706 - 1709, and in the Kikin Palace in St Petersburg.
Here was Cornelius Le Bruyn.
Albert Seba in 1711 sent to Erskine a letter on exotic medicines and phosphorus.
Johannes de Wilde in Amsterdam in 1717 took corespondence from Robert Erskine.
About secret chemical recipe wrote de Wilde in 1740 to Empress Anna of Rusia.
Jacob Bruce wrote to Erskine in 1712.
Robert Erskine was together with Peter the Great in Teplice in Czech in 1712.
Robert Erskine had in his library among others two books:
1. the Rosicrucians Manifestos in 1615 in Frankfurt;
and
2. the Strasbourg edition of "The Chemical Wedding ...", of Christian Rosencreutz in 1459.
And works of Paracelsus published in Strasbourg.

Above Armand de Rohan / Armand Gaston Maximilien, 1674 - 1749, a French bishop of Strasbourg in 1704,
had a brother -
Hercule Meriadec de Rohan, Duke de Rohan, principe de Soubise, b. 1669.
Others sibilings -
Emilie Sophronie Pelagie de Rohan and Constance Emilie de Rohan, princesse de Rouhen-Soubise.
They were children of Francois de Rohan, Principe de Soubise.
Grandchildren of Hercule de Rohan, 2nd Duke of Montbazon and Count of ROCHEFORT.

Above Hercule de Rohan (1568 - 1654) was the second Duke of Montbazon. Hercule de Rohan, Duke of Montbazon, b. 1568, d. 1654 in Chateau de Couziers.
He was the son of Louis VI de Rohan, prince de Guemene and Leonore de Rohan.
Hercule de Rohan (1568 - 1654) was the husband of Madeleine de Lenoncourt and Marie d'Avaugour, with:
1.
Louis VIII de Rohan, duc de Montbazon
[Louis VIII de Rohan, prince de Guemene, b. 1598, married Anne de Rohan, princesse de Guemene];
2.
Marie Aimee de Rohan, duchesse de Chevreuse
[Marie Aimee de Rohan, b. 1600 m. Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes Claude de Lorraine, duc de Chevreuse];
3.
Francois de Rohan, prince de Soubise, b. 1630, married Catherine de Lyonne Anne de Rohan-Chabot, dame de Soubise;
4.
Anne de Rohan and
5. Marie Eleonore de Rohan.

Hercule de Rohan (1568 - 1654) was the brother of Louis VII de Rohan, duc de Montbazon; and Pierre de Rohan, prince de Guemene.

Mentioned Louis VI de Rohan, prince de Guemene, comte de Montbazon, b. 1540, m. Eleonor de Rohan, comtesse de Rochefort, b. 1539.

We back to Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697 - 1779).

In 1779, Louis de Rohan succeeded his uncle, Louis Constantin de Rohan-Rochefort, the Strasbourg bishop, ie. Constantine de Rohan-Rochefort, as bishop of Strasbourg [Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697-1779)].

Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697 - 1779), the Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg in 1756-1779.
Son of Charles III de Rohan, and Charlotte-Elisabeth de Cochefilet (1657-1719). See below.
Note -
Louis Rene de ROHAN born in 1734; Archbishop of Strasbourg, his parents were
Hercule Meriadec, Prince of Guemene and Louise Gabrielle Julie de Rohan. He was born in Paris.
Grandparents:
above Charles de Rohan, 5th Duc de Montbazon + Charlotte Elisabeth de Cochefilet.

Charles de Rohan [III] (30 September 1655 - 10 October 1727) was a French Duke of Montbazon, and prince de Guemene.
He was the son of Charles de Rohan and Jeanne Armande de Schomberg.

Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697 - 1779), the Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg in 1756-1779, was preceded by
Armand de Rohan-Soubise ie. Cardinal Francois-Armand-Auguste de Rohan-Soubise, Prince of Tournon, Prince of Rohan (1717, Paris - 1756, Saverne), a French Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg

[1742, he was appointed coadjutor bishop of the Diocese of Strasbourg. He was the great-nephew of the Prince-Bishop, Cardinal Armand Gaston Maximilien de Rohan, and was the titular bishop in Ptolemais in Palestine (now Acre, Israel)].

His parents, Anne Julie de Melun and Jules, Prince de Soubise.

Named above
Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697 - 1779), the Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg in 1756-1779,
was succeeded by
Louis Rene Edouard de Rohan-Guemene, Cardinal de Rohan (1734 - 1803), prince de Rohan-Guemene, a French bishop of Strasbourg, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church,
the son of
Hercule Meriadec, Prince of Guemene and Louise Gabrielle Julie de Rohan.

In 1779, Louis de Rohan succeeded his uncle, Constantine de Rohan-Rochefort, as bishop of Strasbourg, though he spent much of his career working in Paris.

Net of Polish conspirators, 1767/1768-1918:

Romanow in the Zhytomyr county [Stebnicki; compare Gizycki, Oskierka], Kamieniec Podolski and Skala Podolska [Carsten Niebuhr in 1767 to Kossakowski, Stadnicki, Krasinski]; Felsztyn and Kamionka Wielka [Krasicki with Pradzynski and Sulimierski branch]; Rohatyn [Wilhelm Reich and homosexual ideology, with line to Krasinski, Jan Klemens Branicki and the Poniatowskis],
Krasne close to Przasnysz [Krasinski with the Leopold's Kronenberg family], Wieniec and Chocen close to Wloclawek [see Osiecz Wielki with net to Zakrzewski, Skorzewski, Kiedrzynski], Wilkowo Polskie close to Przemet [a line of Cagliostro - Szoldrski - Poninski - Kiedrzynski - Mielzynski - Walknowski - Bardzki and Erasmus Mycielski], Jedlno near to Radomsko [Stadnicki - Mecinski - Walewski; my family Kiedrzynski - a line to Raszkow south to Pleszew and the Skorzewski - Tadeusz Wolanski branch], Pleszew and Raszkow [Skorzewski - Kiedrzynski - Arnold - Wolowski (the connections to Szymanowski - Brzezinski - Adam Mickiewicz - Woroniecki close to Przasnysz and Rozan)],
Pakosc close to Inowroclaw [with Krotoszyn, Znin and Inowroclaw, Wloclawek masonic movement; Tadeusz Wolanski the godson of General Tadeusz Kosciuszko, Illuminati and Jefferson, Courland and Cagliostro. Pakosc owned the Dzialynski family, also in Goluchow; the relatives of Oskierka of Miezonka],
Miezonka (Oskierka - Dzialynski; Chrapowicki - Bouvier; Stanislaw Radziwill and his family: Stefania Julia Radziwill, Piottuch-Kublicki, Soltan) - Lubuszany - Berezyna - Rawanicze and Kaluzyca [Konstantynowicz, Potocki, Poniatowski, Tyszkiewicz, Branicki branch - compare Branicki and Kalinowski in 1840; Slotwinski - Koziell Poklewski - Wankowicz and a line to Swolna and Oswieja - here the Prozor family and Malkiewicz];
Viljandi and Parnu in Estonia [the fate of my family Konstantynowicz with Krauze and Dunkel; Rosenberg];
Moscow and Kazan [Demonsi, Konstantynowicz, Armand, Paszkowski, Japaridze, Oldenburg];
Swolna [Wankowicz, Chrapowicki - Bouvier - Miezonka of Stefania Julia Radziwill came from Stanislaw Radziwill; Zarako Zarakowski and Konstantynowicz], Dryssa and Oswieja in Belarus [Malkiewicz, Prozor, Zarako Zarakowski, Konstantynowicz].

The Illuminati genealogical net and Polish conspirators roots:

Stefania Ilinski (1841 - 1920) m. Wladyslaw LASKI = Lasek, banker, in 1870 the President of the International Bank in St. Petersburg. The group included the Petersburg International Bank and Russian Bank for Foreign Trade from Russian side.
Their rivals may be called as 'Rothschilds' group', including besides Rothschilds their allies with the Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank.
The French side included Credit lyonnais [see Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company] and Credit industriel et commercial.
Petersburg International Bank and Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank acted as intermediaries between the syndicate and the Russian government.
WLADYSLAW LASKI / Vladislav Ljasskij (1831-1889) and Discount and Loan Bank's director, Abram Zak (d. 1893) played the roles of financial advisers of Ivan Vyshnegradsky, the Russian minister of Finance in 1888-1892. The minister was suspected of close connections with 'Rothschilds' group'.
The Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company co-operated with the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank. The St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank was cooperating especially closely with the St. Petersburg International Bank by taking part "in the military industrial group to build submarines for the Baltic Navy.
The group included Lessner's Plant and Nobel's Plant in St. Petersburg, which played a leading role in the group, as well as Fenix, Atlas, and Gatchinsky Ironworks".
Guchkov Alexander Ivanovich b. 1862, political and public figure, banker, was Director of Moscow Discount Bank; heading a defence Commission 1907-10.
In St Petersburg, he was a member of St Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank's board. From 1915, he was Chairman of the Central Military-Industrial Committee and a member of Special Meeting for defence. At the end of 1916, he designed plans for dynastic coup.

We know on Stefania Ilinski (1841 - 1920) m. Wladyslaw LASKI = Lasek, banker, in 1870 the President of the International Bank in St. Petersburg. Stefania Ilinska was the daughter of Janusz Ilinski / Jan Ilinski, b. 1785 in Romanow;
the granddaughter of Jozef August Ilinski b. 1760 [the friend of TADEUSZ GRABIANKA !];
the great-granddaughter of Jan Kajetan Benedykt Ilinski, b. 1731.

Jozef August Ilinski, the Tadeusz Grabianka's supporter:
Jozef August Ilinski b. 1760 or in 1766 in Romanow in the Zytomierz county, MP, senator, chamberlain, Polish and Russian general lieutenant and the general inspector in 1792;
a Maltese bachelor in 1797.

Kajetan's GIZYCKI children:
1. Salomea Gizycka m. Dominik Oskierko, born ca 1770, the owner of Krasnopole;
2. Bartlomiej Gizycki, the 2nd, d. 1827 in Moloczki, 1792 adjutant of Jozef Poniatowski, General, married ILLINSKA - the Illuminati family.

Jan Mikolaj Oskierka, 1735-1796 [see the plot of Tadeusz KOSCIUSZKO and PROZOR],
had children:
A.
Rafal Michal Oskierka, 1761-1818 + Maria; he was the official in MOZYRZ, CONSPIRATOR. He was married to Maria Oskierka b. ca 1790,
the granddaughter of Ludwik Gerwazy Oskierka, 1710 - 1770 and Teresa Tyzenhauz;
the great-granddaughter of
SENIOR, Antoni Oskierka, 1670 - 1734 + Zofia Stadnicka-Kolenda,
and Michal Jerzy Tyzenhauz + Anna Barbara Bychowiec.

RAFAL's son -
Jan Oskierka b. 1819 + Julia Oskierka b. ca 1815,
the daughter of Pawel Oskierka, b. ca 1770, the official in RZECZYCA and
the great-great-granddaughter of Antoni Oskierka, 1670-1734 + Anna Grabowska, b. 1692 in Rubiezewicze. Anna was the sister of Stefan Grabowski died in 1756, and of Wiktoria Grabowska m. Faustyn Benedykt Kosciuszko.
Stefan Grabowski had a son Jan Jerzy Grabowski d. 1789, m. in 1769 to Elzbieta Szydlowska, 1748 / 1749 - 1810. Elzbieta of PLOCK, was a mistress and the morganatic wife of the last King of Poland, Stanislaw August Poniatowski [see Cagliostro and Niebuhr].
Wirydianna Fiszer knew her.

B.
Dominik Oskierka b. ca 1770 + Salomea Gizycka,
with the son:
Kajetan Oskierka, b. 1820/1821 + Stefania Julia Radziwill of MIEZONKA, 1825-1896
[Miezonka belonged to the Konstantynowiczs in 1842 - November 1918].

C.
Aniela Oskierka, 1770-1804, married Ignacy Kajetan Prozor, b. ca 1770,
with the son
Maurycy Prozor, 1st senior, 1801 in UK, the TEMPLAR church - 1886 + Anna Chlopicka, b. ca 1810.

Jozef August Ilinski, the Tadeusz Grabianka's supporter, b. 1760 or in 1766 in Romanow in the Zhytomyr / Zytomierz county,
had the sister
Ludwika Ilinska b. ca 1766, married Bartlomiej Gizycki d. 1827, Moloczki,
56 km SW to Zytomierz; General, the nobility Marshal in Volhynia in 1825, the son of Kajetan Gizycki, the grandson of Bartlomiej GIZYCKI, older, b. 1682.

Jozef August Ilinski was owner of the Romanow palace; the palace was surrounded by a manor park, in which there was
a three-meter granite monument in the shape of a pyramid [ILLUMINATI],
dedicated to the memory of General Janusz Ilinski who died in 1792 near Markuszow.
JOZEF ILINSKI born on 18th August 1760 [or 1766], had the daughter Joanna Ilinska b. 1830 or 1834 - d. 1900, Wisbaden;
1st she was married Stanislaw Worcell;
2nd to Edward Keller.
Stanislaw Worcell was the son of Stanislaw Gabriel Worcell. Joanna Ilinska, 1830-1900. Stanislaw Gabriel Worcell b. 1799 in Stepan; the CONSPIRATOR, the son of Stanislaw Grzegorz Worcell b. ca 1760.

Above Stanislaw Gabriel Worcell b. 1799 was the member of the Masonic Lodge. Participant of guerrilla fights in Volhynia. On August 11, 1831, decorated with The Silver Order of Virtuti Militari. In 1831, he was elected a deputy from the Rowno to the insurrectionary parliament. After the November Uprising he emigrated to France and England. First he was in the Polish Democratic Society, was removed in 1835, then he was founder of the Polish People's Group; and the Union of Emigration; he returned to the Polish Democratic Society again.
He was friends with Italian politician Giuseppe Mazzini!
His brother Mikolaj Worcell, imprisoned in 1827.

The Illuminati genealogical net:

Jan Karol Mniszech - Michal Zdzislaw Saryusz Zamoyski - Antoni Jablonowski - Jan Franciszek Stadnicki -
Adam Poninski younger + Szoldrski of Wilkowo Polskie -
Marianna Kalinowska married Jozef Kajetan Grabianka - Tadeusz Grabianka married Teresa Stadnicka, 1749-1826 -
Napoleon Walewski - Antoni Pradzynski b. 1710, and Marianna Czaplicka-BARDZKA -
JOZEF WANDALIN MNISZECH - Teresa Mniszech (1694-1746) m. 1st Jan Franciszek Stadnicki; 2nd to Jozef Lubomirski -
Ludwika Mniszech (1712-1785), m. in 1732 Jozef Potocki -
Jozef Mieczyslaw Ujejski, the Messianic author, ILLUMINATI, b. 1883 - Doctor Gustaw Ujejski and Sylwia Krasicka - Jan Krasicki / Colonel Jakub Jan Karol Krasicki / Jakub Jan Krasicki b. 1785 / 1781 in Kamionka Wielka - SYLWIA PRADZYNSKA, the sister of GENERAL IGNACY PRADZYNSKI - Jakub Krasicki and Kunegunda Ciecierska.

At the beginning Pierre Le Fort / LEFORT in 1749 in Dukla acted together with Jerzy August Mniszech b. 1715.
And
Jean Luc Louis de Toux de SALVERT with Jan Karol Mniszech b. 1716, in Wisniowiec by the Horyn river, in 1742.

A.
Jozef Mniszech (1670 - 1747) was the father of:
Jerzy August Mniszech;
and
JAN KAROL MNISZECH.

Katarzyna Mniszech / Katarzyna Wandalin-Mniszech / Katarzyna Zamoyska born 1722, married Jan Karol Wandalin Mniszech 1716-1759, General.
Michal Zdzislaw Saryusz Zamoyski was the father of above Katarzyna Wandalin-Mniszech / Katarzyna Zamoyska born 1722. Michal Zdzislaw Saryusz Zamoyski, 1679-1735. Michal Zamoyski [b. 1690 ?] acc. to me, was born ca 1679, that is Michal Zdzislaw Saryusz Zamoyski, the 6th landlord of ZAMOSC, b. ca 1679 or after 1679, died 1735 in Zamosc, married three times;
the 3rd time to unknown with two daughters born ca 1723 / 1730 {ie. Marianna Zamoyska [Marjanna nee Zamoyska - KIEDRZYNSKA - REMBOWSKA, inf. in 1775]} and the 3rd daughter after 1723.
B.

Antoni Jablonowski was the caretaker of the Masonic lodge Bouclier du Nord in 1818; a member of the Patriotic Society of Walerian Lukasinski. In 1825, Antoni Jablonowski negotiated with the Decembrists. After the fall of the Decembrists' uprising, he was arrested in 1826.
About 1810 Antoni Jablonowski married Paulina Mniszech, the daughter of Michal Jerzy Mniszech.
Count Michal Jerzy Wandalin Mniszech (1742-1806) was the son of FREEMASON, Jan Karol Mniszech 1716-1759 and of Katarzyna Zamoyska, 1722-1771;
and the grandson of
Michal Zdzislaw Saryusz Zamoyski the governor of Smolensk, 1679-1735 and also of the
Lithuanian Marshal and the Crown Marshal, Jozef Antoni Mniszech, 1670 - 1747;
and the great-grandson of
MP, Jerzy Jan Mniszech (d. 1693) - the family of Maryna Mniszech.

Jozef Mniszech b. 1670, m. bef. 1694 to the daughter of Szymon Karol Oginski (1619-1699), ie. Dss Elenora Oginska.

Above JOZEF WANDALIN MNISZECH had daughter Teresa Mniszech (1694-1746) m. 1st Jan Franciszek Stadnicki; 2nd to Jozef Lubomirski.

Jozef Wandalin Mniszech 2nd married Konstancja Tarlo with 4 children:
Freemason, Jerzy August Mniszech (1715-1778),
Freemason, Jan Karol Mniszech (1716-1759),
Elzbieta Mniszech (d.1746), m. Karol Wielopolski;
and Ludwika (1712-1785), m. in 1732 Jozef Potocki.
Jozef POTOCKI was the son of Jozef Stanislaw Potocki, 1673-1751. Jozef Stanislaw Potocki was an enemy of Stanislaw Poniatowski in 1726; the Kiev and Poznan governor; the Cracow governor. Closest to TEODOR POTOCKI.

C.
We back to the branch of Walenty Kalinowski b. ca 1615 + Eufrozyna Bydlowska b. ca 1610
- his son:
Marcin Kalinowski 1640-1738 + Anna Katarzyna Tarnawska / Anna Tarnowska b. ca 1640
with son
Ludwik Kalinowski b. ca 1680 + Zofia Potocka b. ca [not ca 1670, KALINOWSKA - PUZYNA] 1700 + 2nd in 1723 to Elzbieta Poninska b. 1700.

ELZBIETA PONINSKA was the daughter of Adam Poninski, SENIOR, 1680-1732; and
Adam Poninski senior was the grandfather to Adam Poninski younger, the Illuminati - met Cagliostro.

The King PONIATOWSKI, met just before his election, mentioned foreign occultist Toux de Salverte, who was friendly with Moszynski.

Adam Poninski, junior, FREEMASON in 1774 in LWOW, and
in 1777 Adam Poninski, junior, received from J. L. Toux de Salverte a higher initiation in the Warsaw's "Bon Pasteur" with the rank of "bachelor of the East and the Shield".
In 1779 Adam Poninski was affiliated to the "Parfait Sileone" Lodge with the honorary dignity of the "protector".

Jean Luc Louis de Toux de Salvert / SALVERTE acted together with Jan Karol Mniszech (1716 - 1759), in 1742 in WISNIOWIEC by the Horyn river.
De Toux de Salverte stayed for some time in Bavaria [1745-1748], where he organized the Masons lodges, then he went to Poland and settled in Podhorce [RZEWUSKI], at the court of Waclaw Rzewuski.

Ludwik Kalinowski b. ca 1680, had daughters:
1. Marianna Kalinowska b. ca 1720
[not ca 1700 - she was the daughter of named above ZOFIA POTOCKA Kalinowska]
married J. K. GRABIANKA
[Marianna Kalinowska married Jozef Kajetan Grabianka born ca 1710; the official in LATYCZOW in 1740-1744
{Jozef was the son of Bernard Grabianka and Helena Kaminski. Bernard was born in 1680}.
Marianna had a son Tadeusz Grabianka 1740-1807, the ILLUMINATI and
the daughter Tekla Grabianka + Jan Amor Tarnowski, 1735-1799],
2.
Tekla Kalinowska b. ca 1700/1720 married to Antoni Bielski died in 1789;
3. and
Barbara Kalinowska born circa 1725/1727.

Above
Tadeusz Grabianka married Teresa Stadnicka, 1749-1826, the daughter of Stanislaw Stadnicki and Marta Lanckoronski.

Tadeusz Grabianka and Teresa owned Sutkowice, Ostapkowice and Rajkowice / RAJKOWCE at Podole / Podolia [see FELSZTYN !].

Named Stanislaw Stadnicki b. 1710/1720, was the son of Jan Stadnicki and Katarzyna Peplowska - Stadnicka.
Stanislaw was the brother of Franciszek Ksawery Stadnicki.

Above JAN STADNICKI: b. maybe ca 1680/1690, died in 1740, the son of Mikolaj Franciszek Stadnicki. Above MIKOLAJ: b. ca 1660 ?, died in 1714.

D.
Napoleon Walewski b. 1802, owner of Pstrokonie, Wozniki, Swierzyna, Gorzuchow, Lisy, + Natalia Kreska, d. ca 1833, the daughter of Florian KRESKI and Antonina Karsnicka.
Napoleon Walewski married Brygida Galecka, daughter of Franciszek GALECKI and Ludwika Poniatowska
(BRYGIDA Galecka, married 2nd to Jan Radolinski; she come from the family of the King Poniatowski - Ludwika nee Poniatowska / Countess Ludwika Maria Poniatowska (1728 - 1781) as "Luds" was the sister of King. Brygida Walewski was born to Franciszek Galecki and Ludwika Galecki born Poniatowska).

Above Ludwika Maria Zamojska nee Poniatowska, 1728 - 1781, was wife of Jan Jakub Zamoyski; and was mother of Urszula Maria Wandalin-Mniszech
[Urszula was the wife of Michal Jerzy Mniszech born 1742, the son of
Jan Karol Mniszech and Katarzyna Wandalin-Mniszech, 1722-1771,
the daughter of Michal Zdzislaw Saryusz Zamoyski]
and was the mother of mentioned Brygida Galecka / Maria Brygida Galecki / Brygida Galecka {but with a different partner}. Brygida Walewski was born to Franciszek Galecki and Ludwika Galecki born Poniatowska.

E.
Michal Zamoyski [b. 1690 ?] acc. to me, was born ca 1679, that is Michal Zdzislaw Saryusz Zamoyski, the 6th landlord of ZAMOSC, b. ca 1679 or after 1679, died 1735 in Zamosc; he married three times; 3rd time to unknown with two daughters born ca 1723 / 1730 {ie. Marianna Zamoyska [? = Marjanna nee Zamoyska - KIEDRZYNSKA - REMBOWSKA, inf. in 1775]} and the third daughter after 1723.

Above Michal Zdzislaw Saryusz Zamoyski was also the father of
Ludwina Wielhorska;
Tomasz Antoni Zamoyski;
Jan Jakub Zamoyski;
Andrzej Zamoyski, Count;
Helena Potocka;
Teresa Anna Hutten-Czapska, and
Katarzyna Mniszech born 1722, married Jan Karol Mniszech 1716-1759, General, FREEMASON.

F.
PETRONELA Kiedrzynska m. in 1791 to MELCHIOR Pradzynski who was born in Mrowino, the Greater Poland Province in 1753 and died in 1797.
Petronela was the daughter of Brygida nee Bardzka, 1 voto Walknowska, 2nd married JAKUB Kiedrzynski.
Petronela's sister was Juliana Konstancja Kiedrzynska m. Arnold, b. 1770, co-owner of Raszkow, together with the widow after death of Izydor Kiedrzynski from JEDLNO - the author's family.

Melchior Pradzynski was the son of Antoni Pradzynski b. 1710, and Marianna Czaplicka-BARDZKA.
Melchior's brother was Stanislaw Kostka Jozef Pradzynski, b. 1761 in Pacholewo, who was the father of famous
Ignacy Pantaleon Pradzynski, from August 16 to August 19, 1831 - commander-in-chief of the Polish Army.

Mentioned above Jakub Kiedrzynski, junior, died on 4 Feb. 1798, buried in KALISZ, in Church of St. Family. Jakub Kiedrzynski born in 1738 in WILCZKOW in the GLUCHOW parish; died in 1798, the owner of ORPISZEWEK = Orpiszew / Orpiszewko, the brother of Izydor Kiedrzynski,
the son of Andrzej Kiedrzynski, b. 1715/1720;
the grandson of Jan Kiedrzynski, b. ca 1670/1680 close to Czestochowa [Kamyk or Kiedrzyn].

G.
Note to above Jozef Mniszech / Jozef Antoni Mniszech, 1670 - 1747:
Jozef Mniszech m. bef. 1694 to the daughter of Szymon Karol Oginski (1619-1699), ie. Dss Elenora Oginska.
Above JOZEF WANDALIN MNISZECH had daughter Teresa Mniszech (1694-1746) m. 1st Jan Franciszek Stadnicki; 2nd to Jozef Lubomirski.

Jozef Wandalin Mniszech 2nd married Konstancja Tarlo with 4 children:
Freemason, Jerzy August Mniszech (1715-1778),
Freemason, Jan Karol Mniszech (1716-1759),
Elzbieta Mniszech (d.1746), m. Karol Wielopolski;
and Ludwika (1712-1785), m. in 1732 Jozef Potocki.

Above Jan Karol Mniszech had a son
Jozef Jan Tadeusz Wandalin Mniszech (b. 1742 - 1797), General major, the Sanok official, the Austrian Count in 1783;
and the graddaughter
Julia Teresa Krasicka nee Mniszech b. 1777 in Laszki Murowane, d. 1845, Css, the owner of Lesko and Sobien by the San river.
Sobien was the property of the Mniszech family until 1803, and the Stadnickis in 1580-1713, as dowry of Teresa Stadnicka to her husband Jozef Kanty Ossolinski; and in 1803-1939 the Krasickis.

Julia Mniszech married in 1799 in Lwow to Count Franciszek Ksawery Krasicki (1774-1844), the insurgent. She assisted her husband in the fight for the liberation of Poland.
Her sons: Edmund Konrad Ignacy Krasicki b. 1808, and Ksawery Krasicki.

Laszki Murowane / Murowane, 4 km south-west to Skeliwka = FELSZTYN of Tadeusz GRABIANKA!
Near to Stary Sambor.
Julia Teresa Wandalin-Mniszech, b. 1777 in Laszki Murowane, m. Ksawery Franciszek Krasicki, b. in Ksawerow in 1774 - d. in Posada Leska in 1844.
Laszki Murowane belonged to the Mniszechs until 1815; then Edward Zerboni de Spoletti bought it from Stanislaw Mniszech, next to Marceli Bogdanowicz, and in 1861 Michal Krasicki.
Ksawery Franciszek Krasicki b. 1774, General, insurgent in 1794; in Sanok in 1809, fought against Austrians; insurgent in 1831, the owner of Lesko.
The son of Antoni Krasicki b. 1736, Wielicko, and Rozalia Charczewska;
the grandson of
Jan Wincenty Krasicki b. 1704. Named Jan was the brother of mentioned below Wincenty Franciszek Krasicki, 1709-1752.

Ksawery's son - Edmund Krasicki + Aniela Brzostowski.

H.
Jozef Mieczyslaw Ujejski, the Messianic author, ILLUMINATI, b. in Tarnow in 1883, d. 1937; was the son of Doctor Gustaw Ujejski and Sylwia Krasicka

[SYLWIA KRASICKA UJEJSKA - the daughter of Jozef Boleslaw Krasicki b. 1834,
and the granddaughter of
Colonel Jakub Jan Karol Krasicki / Jakub Jan Krasicki b. 1785 / 1781 in Kamionka Wielka {see Illuminati and STADNICKI} close to Nowy Sacz, in Galicia; the owner of MALCZEWO close to GNIEZNO and he was living in Malczewo / Malczew in 1814-1831 {the family was buried in NIECHANOWO}, 1832 jailed in Prussia,
married SYLWIA PRADZYNSKA, the sister of GENERAL IGNACY PRADZYNSKI - see Wola Wiazowa + Pradzynski + Kiedrzynski -
Jakub Jan KRASICKI was the son of Jakub Krasicki and Kunegunda Ciecierska].

Above Jakub KRASICKI married Kunegunda Ciecierska. Jakub Krasicki b. ca 1745/1750. His son Colonel Jan Krasicki (1785-1848) married Sylwia Pradzynski.
Jan Krasicki was the friend of Ignacy Pradzynski. Ignacy Pradzynski and his wife Emilia, wrote many letters to his parents, and to Wincenty Jozef; and to sister Sylwia Pradzynska and her husband Jan Krasicki.

Jan Krasicki = Jakub Jan Karol Krasicki b. 1785, and not in 1781, but in Kamionka / Kamionka Wielka.
His father JAKUB KRASICKI confirmed nobility in 1795 in Lwow.
JAKUB Krasicki b. ca 1745/1750, was the manager of the Laszki Murowane in 1791.
In this year Wiktor Aleksander Krasicki was born, to Kunegunda Ciecierska Krasicki + Jakub Krasicki.
Laszki Murowane is situated close to FELSZTYN [the Illuminati center of Grabianka - Kalinowski - Stadnicki].

Jakub's [b. ca 1745/1750] father - Count Jan Krasicki, b. 1726 / 1728, m. Marianna Malachowska b. ca 1730.
The grandfather was above named Wincenty Franciszek Krasicki, 1709-1752.
The great-grandfather - Karol Krasicki + Eleonora Rzewuska.

Too much in the military - political - intelligence structure is discussed below, is Irish and Scots. It used
French families located in Switzerland, Ceylon, France, Russia. Scottish and Irish families combined to Naples and Marseille, Ceylon, Odessa and Japan;
Russians, English and Pilsudski entered by Japan to Ceylon; parallel from Odessa the Zionist movement came out founding a base of the state of Israel. Odessa has paired their to Berezino, Ireland - Japan - Ceylon.

And the whole system took over the movement of Germans from Estonia, and underground combat movement of Pilsudski, combining the objectives of the independence of these two states: Poland / Lithuania / Belarus + Estonia / Latvia, and as I wrote above Israel.
Then they created a counterintelligence and intelligence of new Bolshevik Russia and the USSR. It already was a masterpiece, but totally wrecked by Stalin in 1937 - have to say that in this case, Stalin was a genius.

At the end part of that intelligence system of Soviet Union took over the colony by building its so-called People's Polish Republic and the Ministry of Defence, through affinitized of the Konstantynowiczs: the Jaroszewicz, Spychalski, Zarako Zarakowski families and friendly Swierczewski family. Interesting in all of this is the use of Frenchmen to the creation of this system, most moved on the Konstantynowiczs - not so completely. This is the connection: Waclaw Sieroszewski a colleague of Azbelev, who was in Nagasaki - his brother is a director of the company Duflon and Konstantynowicz; so, the Nobel family with Sydney Reilly, an Irishman and a Jew from Odessa - this is the same family of Nobel, where the brother of above-mentioned was the head of the board of the Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company - this is short way to the Swedish Enigma! Waclaw Sieroszewski of course was mate to a brother of Jozef Pilsudski - Bronislaw, which of course anchored in Nagasaki, and then here sailed Reilly. One very interesting figure - erased from history: Nikolay Russel / N. K. Sudzilovskiy / Sudzilowski from the Mscislaw district.

The Swierczewski family was near socially associated with us, for instance in the sixtieth of the 20th century.
Among relatives and next of kins of our Konstantynowicz 'Mscislau' branch appeared the Zarako Zarakowski family in the second half of 19th cent. and in the 20th cent.;
the Spychalski family from Lodz was related to kinsmen of our lineage at the turn of the 20th century and in the middle of the 20th cent.;
the Jaroszewicz family had connection to our line in the middle of the 20th cent.

Some Generals, Prime Minister, the Head of State and one marshal of the communistic Poland - creators of the Soviet transitory administration 1943 / 1990 - derived from these families. Relatives of our Konstantynowicz branch kept in touch with Jozef Pilsudski, Michal Zymierski and Wladyslaw Sikorski at the moment in the first half of the 20th century - marshals and General with different political views.

It wonder that three Marshals and General - military prosecutor died with natural death but three remaining Generals died with tragic death.
The Jaroszewicz marriage was murdered by former Secret Service and the Soviet KGB officers, acc. to 'nowahistoria'. Jaroszewicz was supposed to suggest that Charles / Karol Swierczewski 'Walter' betrayed him in 1947, the secret disclosed by the Soviet General, concerning the replacement of the Polish communist leaders by Soviet agents-look-alikes.
About a backstage of murder of the Jaroszewicz couple writes in book 'Famous couples PRL', Slawomir Koper, ed. by 'Red and Black', at website 'wiadomosci-wp' on 11 February 2014.
"...Jaroszewicz apparently had financial problems, but saved a sell-numismatists, which Peter has accumulated during his long career. ... journalist Bohdan Rolinski published two interviews with former Prime Minister. ... indicated that Jaroszewicz spoke with Karol Swierczewski, who told him that the Russians used the 'method of matrioszka', of substituting Polish communist by Soviet agents - look-alikes. Jaroszewicz and Swierczewski have identified several 'matrioszka', including Jozef Swiatlo and Boleslaw Bierut.
Jaroszewicz suggested that the death of Swierczewski could be related to this knowledge. ... Even more sensational hypothesis has a journalist of the weekly Angora, Leszek Szymowski, who stated that the reason for the murder was the Jaroszewicz archive, which contained a copy of the documents incriminating Wojciech Jaruzelski, Czeslaw Kiszczak and other politicians 80s. This crime was part of a broader plan to eliminate all that could stopped the conduct of political transformation, directed by generals Kiszczak and Jaruzelski.
Weekly 'Wprost' published information suggesting that the death of Jaroszewicz has connected with the secret wartime archives of the Reich Security Office, which at the end of World War II went to the baroque palace in Radomierzyce near Zgorzelec. ... among others Gestapo informers lists, documents relating to French collaboration with the Third Reich ... In 1945, Colonel Piotr Jaroszewicz and several other officers had some explosive packages of securities before the archives were transferred to the USSR. ...
Tadeusz Stec was killed in his own home at the hands of unknown assailants just a few months after Peter. Before his death, he was tortured...
Jerzy Fonkowicz was assassinated in 1997. In 2007, the theory that the murder was related to the Jaroszewicz Nazi archive has placed the Criminal Intelligence Bureau of the Police Headquarters (in Poland). ... ignored the testimony of the witness (who said he saw one woman and two men the morning on September 1 came out of the house).

At the end of 2005, analysts Archive X (section dealing with the explanation of complex criminal cases) found that from the register of the murder of Jaroszewicz lost key evidence, that is, the three bags with traces of unidentified fingerprints. The prints were found at the glasses of Jaroszewicz and cabinet doors located in his office...

Biography of Jaroszewicz overgrown in many myths. The future prime minister was born in 1909 in Nieswiez ... ... In August 1943 he was still Private, but after several months already a colonel, and after a further eight (after the war) general! Even Napoleon Bonaparte promoted from lieutenant to general took a little more time...".

Generals of communistic People Polish Army:
Karol Swierczewski, Piotr Jaroszewicz and Marian Spychalski (later on the Marshal) in the fourties of the 20th century were deputies of Michal Zymierski - Marshal and communistic Minister of Defense.

The genealogy of my Mscislau "inlet" of the Konstantynowicz ancestry point out long and strong connections with the Imperial Russian Army and Russian military intelligence since the seventies of the nineteenth century and after when they served in tsarist Georgia / Sakartvelo but especial at the turn of the 20th century
[with Irish-Scottish clans and the Holynskis in the 18th century. With the Templars - Prozor, Oskierka - from the beginning of the 19th century. The Illuminati Order in the 19th cent. - Romanow in Ukraine and Ilinski with Tadeusz Grabianka. The Freemasonry close to the family of Kiedrzynski: Wilkowo Polskie near to Koscian - Chocen close to Wloclawek. Polish conspirators, ca 1790 - 1990].
It was the tsarist military technology intelligence at the beginning of the 20th century.

This connections fade away probably at the end of the 20th century?

The chief of Clan Erskine, John Erskine, 22nd Earl of Mar [acc. to me John was the 23rd Earl {John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1675-1732)}]
had traveled to London in 1714 expecting the post of Secretary of State of Scotland. However he was not given the job and as a result he became a Jacobite. John Erskine, the Earl of Mar then fled Scotland to Saint-Germain in France, whereupon he betrayed his Jacobite associates.

"Robert Erskine (1677-1718) was an advisor to Tsar Peter the Great. He became one of the Tsar's most powerful advisors. He is the first cousin of John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1675-1732)".
Robert Erskine in 1716, was designated to privy councillor by the Tsar of Russia, Peter the Great. Robert Erskine was a part of masonic network of Scottish Jacobites that influenced the Russian court.
Robert Erskine born 1677 in Alva, in the Clackmannanshire, Scotland, died 1718 in Olonets, Karelia, in Russia.
The son of Sir Charles Erskine 1st Baronet of Alva and Christian Dundas.
Above Sir Charles Erskine, 1st Baronet (1643 - 1690), of Alva, Fife, was sat in the Scottish Conventions in 1665 and 1667. Charles Erskine, 1st Baronet b. 1643,
was the son of
Sir Charles Erskine of Alva b. 1611, and Mary Hope;
and the grandson of
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, b. 1556 in Stirling;
and the great-grandson of
Sir John Erskine, 18th Earl of Mar, b. 1510/1520 in Erskine. John Erskine, Earl of Mar (born ca 1510/1520, died 1572), the 18th earl (in the 1st creation) or the 1st earl; the regent of Scotland, was a son of
John ERSKINE, 5th Lord Erskine [his father as 6th Lord Erskine died maybe in 1552 or 1551], who was guardian of King James V and afterwards of Mary, Queen of Scots.

Above John Erskine, Earl of Mar, born in 1675 in Alloa, Clackmannanshire, SCOTLAND. He died in May 1732 at Free City Aix-la-Chapelle. He was the Scottish Jacobite,
was the eldest son of Charles, Earl of Mar (who died in 1689), ie. Charles, Earl of Mar, b. 1650, d. 1689, who was regarded as both the 22nd earl (in the 1st creation) and the 5th earl (in the 7th).
Charles Erskine [Charles had a sister Lady Barbara Erskine, the daughter of John Erskine, 21st Earl of Mar and Jean Mackenzie]
was the son of
John Erskine, 21st / 4th Earl of Mar, b. 1605,
and the grandson of
John Erskine, 20th Earl of Mar, b. 1585.
The great-grandson of
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar and Anne Drummond. Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, was born in 1556 in Stirling.

Above Lady Barbara Erskine, the daughter of John Erskine, 21st Earl of Mar and Jean Mackenzie, married James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas.
Above John Erskine, 21st / 4th Earl of Mar, b. 1605, was the son of
John Erskine, 20th Earl of Mar, b. 1585.
The grandson of Sir John Erskine, the 19th Earl of Mar and Anne Drummond.
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, was born in 1556 in Stirling.

Named James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas was first married in 1670 to the Lady Barbara Erskine.
James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas b. ca 1646,
was the son of
Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus and 1st Earl of Ormonde, and Lady Anne Stuart.
James, second marquis of Douglas, born in 1646, succeeded his grandfather in 1660, and was a privy councillor to Kings Charles II and James VII.
James II and VII b. 1633, was King of England and Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII.
James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales b. 1688, nicknamed the Old Pretender, was the son of mentioned the King James II and VII of England, Scotland and Ireland, and his second wife, Mary of Modena.
In 1719, James Francis Edward Stuart married to Maria Clementina Sobieska (1702-1735), the daughter of Jakub Sobieski, the granddaughter of King John III Sobieski of Poland.

Mentioned Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus and 1st Earl of Ormonde, married Lady Anne Stuart. Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus, 1st Earl of Ormond, b. 1609 in Drumlanrig, died in 1655 in Edinburgh.
The son of William Douglas, 1st Marquis of Douglas, ie. William Douglas, the 1st Marquess of Douglas, b. ca 1589 in Huntly, d. 1660 in Douglas.

The grandson of William Douglas, 10th Earl of Angus and Elizabeth Oliphant. Mentioned William Douglas, b. 1552 in Huntly - d. 1611 in Paris.

The great-grandson of William Douglas, Earl of Angus and Egidia. Above named William Douglas, 9th Earl of Angus / 9th Lord Earl of Douglas, b. ca 1532 in Glenbervie, d. 1591 in Glenbervie, Aberdeenshire.

The great-great-grandson of Sir Archibald Douglas of Glenbervie and Agnes Douglas, Countess.

Note to mentioned above
William Douglas, the 1st Marquis of Douglas and 11th Earl of Angus (1589-1660) was the eldest son of William Douglas, 10th Earl of Angus and Countess Elizabeth Oliphant, the eldest daughter of Laurence Oliphant, 4th Lord Oliphant.
His younger brothers were James Douglas, 1st Lord Mordington and Lord Francis Douglas.
His sons by his first wife were
1. Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus, who was created Earl of Ormond,
and 2. Lord James Douglas.
With the 2nd wife:
1. William, created Earl of Selkirk and later Duke of Hamilton for life,
and 2. George, created Earl of Dumbarton.

The 1st Marquess of Douglas was succeeded in his titles by his grandson, above named James Douglas, the son of mentioned above Archibald DOUGLAS.

The 1st Marquess of Douglas, b. ca 1589 in Huntly [Tantallon Castle], was the son of
William Douglas, 10th Earl of Angus and Elizabeth Oliphant. William Douglas b. 1552 in Huntly, d. 1611 in Paris.

The grandson of William Douglas, Earl of Angus and Egidia, ie. William Douglas, 9th Earl of Angus, b. ca 1532 in Glenbervie,
and the great-grandson of
Sir Archibald Douglas of Glenbervie and Agnes.

In 1739 - 1740, James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton, was the Grand Master of England in 1741. In 1746 he visited France, and was imprisoned in the Bastille, as a Jacobite.
His son was Colonel Sholto Charles Douglas, 15th Earl of Morton, b. ca 1732;
and the grandson was
George Douglas, 16th Earl of Morton, b. 1761, served as vice-president of the Royal Society of London occasionally from 1795-1819. Lord Morton was a Scottish Freemason. He was Initiated in Lodge Canongate Kilwinning, No. 2, on 30 November 1789.
He was elected as Grand Master Mason of the Grand Lodge of Scotland in 1790
[in 1788-1790, Francis Napier, 8th Lord Napier; in 1790-1792, George Douglas, 16th Earl of Morton. In 1792-1794: George Gordon, Marquess of Huntly. 1796-1798, Francis Stuart, Lord Doune, 10th Earl of Moray. In 1798-1800, Sir James Stirling, 1st Bt., Lord Provost of Edinburgh. In 1806-1820, The Prince of Wales, King George IV].
He was succeeded in the earldom by his first cousin, George Sholto Douglas.
George Sholto Douglas, 17th Earl of Morton, b. 1789, known as George Douglas until 1827, was a Scottish Tory politician. Douglas was the son of
the Hon. John Douglas, the second son of James Douglas, the 14th Earl of Morton.
George Sholto had a son the Hon. George Henry Douglas, the Admiral of the Royal Navy.
The Hon. George Henry Douglas-Pennant was born in Torquay, Devon, United Kingdom in 1876, the second son of George Sholto Gordon.

James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton, b. 1702/1703, was a Scottish astronomer, President of the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh.
Son of Sir George Douglas, 13th Earl of Morton, b. 1662.
The grandson of
James Thomas Douglas, 10th Earl of Morton, b. after 1605 in Morton.
The great-grandson of William Douglas, b. 1582 in the Dalkeith Castle.

The great-great-grandson of Earl Robert Douglas, I, b. 1562 in Rothesay.
The great-great-great-grandson of
William Douglas, 6th Earl of Morton, b. 1540 in Loch Leven Castle,
as the son of Sir Robert Douglas of Lochleven. Named Robert Douglas b. 1505 in Kilmarnock, d. 1547 in Inveresk.

The Grand Lodge of Russia:

in 1731, when the Grand Lodge of England appointed a Captain John Phillips as Provincial Grand Master of Russia and Germany, masonry in Russia was mainly the preserve of foreign residents;
in 1741 a Scots Jacobite, James Keith (1696-1758), who fought in the Russian and Prussian service, was Master under the English system;
at St. Petersburg in 1771;
in 1772 the first native Provincial Grand Master, Ivan Yelagin (1725 - 1794), secretary to Catherine the Great.
Novikov was imprisoned in 1792, and by 1794 all lodges were forced to close. The Grand Lodge Astrea, founded at St. Petersburg in 1815.

Above James Francis Edward Keith b. 1696, a Scottish soldier and Prussian field marshal, a Jacobite, was born at Inverugie Castle near Peterhead - north of Aberdeen in eastern Scotland,
the second son of
William, 9th Earl Marischal of Scotland [= Sir William Keith, 8th Earl Marischal], who b. ca 1664, and was also a Jacobite politician of Scotland.
WILLIAM's parents were the army officer
George Keith, 8th Earl Marischal (born ca 1614, d. 1694 = 7th Lord Keith, the 7th Earl Marischal, Privy Counsellor) [= George Keith, 7th Earl Marischal] and the courtier Lady Mary Hay, the daughter of the 2nd Earl of Kinnoull - 2 km east of Perth.
William, 9th Earl Marischal of Scotland
[Sir William Keith, 8th Earl Marischal, also known as "9th Earl Marischal", "8th Earl of Marischal", "KT"]
b. ca 1664, married Mary Drummond / MARIE DRUMMOND, born ca 1670 in PERTH, d. 1729

[her brother was James Drummond, 2nd Duke of Perth, born 1673, in DRUMMOND,
the father of
1. James Drummond, 3rd Duke of Perth born in 1713 in the Drummond Castle;
and of 2.
John Drummond, 4th Duke of Perth born in 1714 in FRANCE],

the daughter of James Drummond, 4th Earl of Perth, SENIOR

[4th Earl of Perth, Sir James Drummond b. 1648, died in France, Saint-Germain-en-Laye in 1716 - he was the son of
James Drummond, 3rd Earl of Perth b. ca 1615, died 1675;
the grandson of John Drummond born ca 1584 - more below !],

born in 1648, and his first wife, Lady Jane Douglas

(died in 1676 or 1678 - the daughter of
William Douglas, 1st Marquis of Douglas and Mary Gordon)

[compare:
Agatha Drummond, 1711 - 1795,
the daughter of
James Drummond, Laird of Blair-Drummond born in 1673, died in 1739

(his father
George Drummond, 5th of Blair, 1st of Blair-Drummond, b. 29 Nov 1638, in Blair, Stormount, Perthshire, Scotland, died in 1717;
grandfather was George Drummond, 4th Laird of Blair;
great-grandfather was George Drummond, 2nd Laird of Blair),

and Jean Carre born in 1681.

Agatha Drummond, 1711 - 1795, was the wife of Henry Home, Lord Kames.
Agatha Drummond, 1711 - 1795, was the daughter of James Drummond, Laird of Blair-Drummond born in 1673, died in 1739].

Note to Lord KAMES:

Lord Kames - the owner of Blair Drummond, a small rural community, 5 miles north-west of the city of Stirling in the Stirling district of Scotland; it is within the Perthshire. Close to Kippen; Doune; Nyadd; Deanston; Thornhill.

The Carse of Stirling
- in 1766, Agatha Drummond inherited the ancestral estate of Blair Drummond on the north side of the Carse (about five miles from Stirling). Agatha was married to the eccentric, Henry Home, Lord Kames, a judge of the Court of Session.
"... He was over 70 when he and his wife took up residence at Blair Drummond. They found that over 1500 acres of the soaking moss lay within the inherited estate and he turned his undoubted intellect towards the problem of draining it. In 1768, the first tenant was settled on the Low Moss, nearest to Blair Drummond, and by 1774 another eleven were established".
The resident of Blairdrummond House was enlightenment thinker Lord Kames whose wife inherited the house in 1766.
"... Lord Kames began the transformation of the carse area of Blair Drummond; turning it from an often water-laden moss into productive agricultural land...".

Benjamin FRANKLIN in 1757, "was sent to England by the Pennsylvania Assembly as a colonial agent to protest against the political influence of the Penn family, the proprietors of the colony. He remained there for five years. In London, Franklin opposed the 1765 Stamp Act. Unable to prevent its passage, he made another political miscalculation and recommended a friend to the post of stamp distributor for Pennsylvania".
With this, Franklin suddenly emerged as the leading spokesman for American interests in England.
"During his stays there, he developed a close friendship with his landlady, Margaret Stevenson, and her circle of friends ... house, which he used on various lengthy missions from 1757 to 1775 ...".
He belonged to a gentleman's club, which included members such as Richard Price, the minister of Newington Green Unitarian Church who ignited the Revolution Controversy, and Andrew Kippis.
In Scotland, in November 1771, Benjamin Franklin spent five days with Lord Kames near Stirling [!] at Blair-Drummond, by then the property of Lord and Lady Kames, and stayed for three weeks with David Hume in Edinburgh.
In 1759, he visited Edinburgh with his son.

Emmerich Otto August von Estorff, d. 1796 in Northeim; was an Electoral Brunswick-Luneburg Lieutenant General. Emmerich Otto August von Estorff took part in the Battle of Minden on 1 August 1759. Estorff was sent with the victory message to London in AUGUST 1759 [Wilhelmshaven 04th August ?; London on 08th August 1759 ? - in the 18th century journeys of ships from London took approximately 100-150 miles per day on average - or about 100 to 140 miles per day], where he was promoted to lieutenant colonel on August 10, 1759 by King George II.

Benjamin Franklin came to Scotland twice, in 1759 and 1771. He met in 1771 Christian David Hume; in 1771, he made second visit in Edinburgh; in October 1771 met also Robertson, Principle of the University; on 6 November 1771, Marchant and Franklin set out for Blair-Drummond, by then the property of Lord and Lady Kames.
There is mention of passing en route the Forth and Clyde Canal then under construction; Franklin and Marchant stayed at Blair-Drummond, in part held up by bad weather, until 16 November.
At Glasgow, the travellers again visited the University; back to Edinburgh on 17 November. Dr Franklin dined with Lord Kames and with Adam Ferguson, leaving Edinburgh on Thursday 21st, taking two full days to reach Carlisle;
visit to Sir Alexander Dick.
In 1775 FRANKLIN returned to America to participate in the events leading to the Declaration of Independence. In 1778 he was accredited to the Court of Versailles as the ambassador of the new United States.

Jean Home born ca. 1745 / Jean Heron, the daughter of Henry Home, Lord Kames and Agatha Drummond. Married (1761) to Patrick Heron; divorced in 1772; she was exiled to France by her parents; In 1782, Boswell had a long conversation with Lady Kames about Jean.
JEAN was sent to France accompanied by a teacher of french, Alexander Drummond who was going there with a daughter.
James Boswell had affair with Jean in 1761 - 1762 at Kirroughtrie.
Above PATRICK HERON:
born ca. 1736, died 1803. Patrick Heron of Heron and Kirroughtrie, was the son of Patrick Heron (d. 1761) and Margaret, daughter of John Mackie of Palgoun.
Married (1761) to Jean Home, daughter of Henry Home, Lord Kames.
They divorced in 1772 following Jean's adulterous affair with a young officer.
Re-married (1775) to Elizabeth Cochrane (1745-1811), a cousin of James Boswell.

Elizabeth Cochrane (1745-1811), the daughter of the 8th Earl of Dundonald.
She married Patrick Heron.
She was the composer of an air, 'The Banks of Cree'.

Above 8th Earl of Dundonald, Thomas Cochrane, 1691 - 1778, was a Scottish nobleman, army officer and politician. He was Member of Parliament for Renfrewshire.
His cousin, William Cochrane, 7th Earl.
Thomas was born in 1691, the seventh son of
William Cochrane of Ochiltree, and his wife Lady Mary Bruce,
the eldest daughter of Alexander Bruce, 2nd Earl of Kincardine.

David Hume / David Home, b. 1711.

Lord Kames near Stirling - Henry Home, Lord Kames; 1696 - 1782, a Scottish judge and writer;
"... a central figure of the Scottish Enlightenment, a founder member of the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh, and active in the Select Society, his proteges included David Hume, Adam Smith, and James Boswell".

Sir William Keith, 8th Earl Marischal, also known as "9th Earl Marischal", "8th Earl of Marischal", "KT", b. ca 1664, married Mary Drummond / MARIE DRUMMOND, born ca 1670 in PERTH, d. 1729.
Mary's brother was James Drummond, 2nd Duke of Perth, born 1673, in DRUMMOND.

Above John Drummond, b. ca 1584 in Crawford, d. 1662.
The son of Patrick Drummond, 3rd Lord Drummond and Elizabeth Lindsay. Patrick Drummond b. ca 1550 in Crawford, d. 1611 in Crawford,
was the son of
David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond.

Above David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond, b. ca 1515 in Machany, close to Perth, d. 1571 in Stobhall.
David was the son of Walter Drummond, Master of Drummond and
Elizabeth Graham of Montrose.
David was the brother of 1. Walter Drummond, and 2. the branch of Perth.

Above Anna Drummond married Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, was born in 1556 in Stirling.
Anne Drummond b. ca 1566 in Crawford, was the daughter of David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond and Lilias. David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond, b. ca 1515 in Machany, close to Perth, d. 1571.
David was the son of Walter Drummond, the Master of Drummond and Elizabeth Graham of Montrose. David was the father of Jean Drummond; Patrick Drummond, 3rd Lord Drummond; and James Drummond, 1st Baron Maderty.

Charles Erskine [Charles had a sister Lady Barbara Erskine, the daughter of John Erskine, 21st Earl of Mar and Jean Mackenzie]
was the son of
John Erskine, 21st / 4th Earl of Mar, b. 1605,
and the grandson of
John Erskine, 20th Earl of Mar, b. 1585.
The great-grandson of
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar and Anne Drummond. Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, was born in 1556 in Stirling.

It's amazing that the October Revolution in 1917, which swept the Russian Empire, allowing the reconstruction of Poland, broke out just on the anniversary of the death of Tadeusz Kosciuszko, exactly the 100th anniversary of his death, and around Lenin appeared figures of the Polish nobility, which adopted a sense of the Kosciuszko Polish patriotism.

"Instead, after the fall of Napoleon's empire in 1815 he met with Russia's Tsar Alexander I in Braunau. In return for his prospective services, Kosciuszko demanded social reforms and territorial gains for Poland, which he wished to reach as far as the Dvina and Dnieper Rivers in the east".

On October 15, 1817 Tadeusz Kosciuszko / Thaddeus Kosciusko died. But a underground movement led by Jozef Pilsudski had in that case great deals to take in hands, behind the scenes, all revolutionary Lenin movement of the Bolsheviks, between about 1909 - 1917, and even longer to 1920, when Inessa Armand perhaps was poisoned, and even to the year 1921, when it was still marked a influences of Bruevich brothers of noble Boncza arms.
Inessa Armand controlled all Bolshevik work as a lover and the secretary of Lenin and she has influence on the directions of philosophical - political considerations, which diverged from reality, and their possible introduction in the life would be - if not as an experiment - even doom for the Russian Empire.

The purpose of Jozef Pilsudski was not only gathering information about enemy - Russia, and not only the smuggling of weapons for his organization (Petersburg - Miezonka - Lodz - Cracow), but primarily for Pilsudski was the goal to Lenin seized power and overthrew the Tsarist authorities. This was to allow the recovery of independence by Poland.

Stalin was here the enemy, because he wanted to rebuild the Russian empire, just as the Soviet Russia - a communist state.

Lenin wanted a European communism, the total fiction and the absurd. Pilsudski had to put Lenin at the head of the new Russia, and at least Pilsudski conducive to this Lenin's communist movement did not collapsed. Wrangel, Denikin, Kolchak were number one enemies.

Jozef Piłsudski, Walery Sławek, Witold Jodko-Narkiewicz were 'collaborators' of military intelligence service of Austria - Hungary, with nickname "Stefan" since 1908; co-operated Aleksander Prystor, Gen. Bolesław Roja, Jozef Beck, Gen. Edward Rydz- Śmigły, and Gen. Kordian Zamorski. Pilsudski in 1904 collaborated with Japan intelligence; Captain Joseph Rybak took care on Pilsudski, placing a group of agents in paramilitary organizations in Galicia, described as "The Informer R". Jozef Pilsudski was dismissed from the Austrian army in September 1916. Brigadier General Wlodzimierz Zagorski was born in 1882 in France. He grew up with his brother in Germany. In 1900 joined the Austrian army. Eleven years later, he began to work for "K-Stelle", 1914, as a captain, he was Chief of Staff Headquarters of the Legions. Formally, was the head of Jozef Pilsudski, who gave him the reports. Cooperation was not the best. When the Japanese-Russian war broke in 1904, Pilsudski decided to use the conflict for the Polish cause, get technical and material help for Polish irredentist aspirations. Japanese will give us the money to buy weapons and facilitate its reception in Hamburg, and we will collect them messages about the movements of the Russian troops sent to the East. These relations were surrounded by the biggest mystery. Only Pilsudski, Jodko, Filipowicz and Stanislaw Wojciechowski knew of them over one and a half year (April 1904 - October 1905).

Pilsudski had its plans to create in Galicia conditions for the military training of volunteers in the event of war between the aggressors and would create Polish troops fighting against Russia and would become the reborn Polish Army personnel.

In 1908 in Lviv, Cpt. Gustav Iszkowski teamed up with the Pilsudski movement. Probably by the end of 1908 Pilsudski spoke with the chief of the Intelligence Census Bureau, Maximilian Ronge. Then probably come to an agreement to organize the grid intelligence and sabotage against Russia in exchange for allowing the activities of the independence movement. In March, 1909 representatives of the Census Bureaus conferring with Pilsudski, Jodko and Slawek in Vienna. The project is called intelligence operation Informer R, directed the same Ronge - hidden it even from his own intelligence apparatus. The management of the organization called The Informer R were Jozef Pilsudski, Valery Slawek responsible for ongoing contacts with the representative of the interview, Captain Joseph Rybak; and Witold Jodko-Narkiewicz. By the end of 1912 Pilsudski organization might only auxiliary information.

Witold Tomasz Jodko-Narkiewicz, b. 1864 in Słuck, d. 1924 in Warsaw, nickname A. Wroński, Jowisz, diplomat; his parents: Witold Onufry Jodko-Narkiewicz, b. 1834 - d. 1898 (probably son of Onufry) and Maria Sokołow - Skwarcew b. ca 1842. His father was ophthalmologist. Witold Tomasz Jodko-Narkiewicz member of the Social-Revolutionary Party Proletariat since 1889, and Polish Social-Revolutionary Party Proletariat / as II Proletariat, or Small Proletariat established in February 1888 and operated for March 1893. From January to July 1885 he studied medicine at the University of Dorpat / Tartu, Estonia; he came to Warsaw, then in September 1885 he went to Lviv, expelled from Austria, 1886, he studied in Wurzburg, and then in Paris, graduated in 1889; London next; collaborator of the Centralization Social-Revolutionary Party of the Proletariat. In 1892 co-founder of the Polish Socialist Party.
Jodko-Narkiewicz counted on the war between the aggressors and on ​​an armed uprising against Russia.
Above
Witold Onufry Jodko-Narkiewicz, born on 23 Dec. 1834 in Pukow in the Ihumen district,
died 1898 - Bobownia; Onufry Jodko - Narkiewicz was living in Pukow. Pukau / Pukowo / Pukow, at present: Komsomolskaja, a few km west of Sunaje and Kisiele;
north-west of Truchanowicze and Gresk, Anufrovichi and Anufri, north of Kondratowicze; south-west of Marina Gorka. In 1870, to the Минская губерния, the Игуменский уезд, in the Пуковская волость; Pukowo / Пуков is situated south-east of Tatury / now Charitonowka, and Kutschinka, east of Starica, Sloboda, Dumitshi; north-east of Kopyl. North of Sluck.
Janina Wiktoria Jodko-Narkiewicz, b. 1869
in Warsaw / Warszawa, was daughter of Witold Onufry Jodko-Narkiewicz from Pukow.

The Polish well-off proprietors in the Ihumen (Cerven) district in the second half of 19th cent. was the Jodko family in landed properties Malackowszczyzna, Pukowo and Onufrowo / Anufri.
Gardening in estates of the Ihumen district: Kuchcice, Tolkaczewicze, Malackowszczyzna, Pukowo, Cieplen, Smilowicze and Rawanicze.
In Pukow is a church, in the 16th cent. to the Puk / Пук family; 17th cent. to Olelkovich / Олельковичь and Radzivill / Радзивилл family; at the beginning of the 18th century to the Neuburg / Нойбург family from German taken from Boguslaw Radziwill / Богуслав Радзивилл, because his daughter Людвика Каролина / Ludwika Karolina Radziwill married to Karl Filipp Neuburg / Karl III Philipp von der Pfalz / Carl Philipp, b. 1661 in Neuburg; that is he married on August 10, 1688 in Berlin to Princess
Ludwika Karolina Charlotte Radziwill of Birze, daughter of Bogusław Radziwill, from this marriage four children were born: Leopoldine Eleonore Josephine, Maria Anna, Elisabeth Auguste Sophie m. Joseph Karl von Pfalz-Sulzbach.
At Пуково / Pukowo in 1731 wielded the earth Franciszek Drucki-Lubecki / Франтишек Друцкий- Любецкий. In 1744 again to the Radziwill family, but at the beginning of the 19th cent. Dominik Radziwill / Доминик Радзивилл lost Pukowo, now Pukowo and Bobownia to the Narkiewicz - Jodko / Наркевич-Иодко;
in 1846 to Tomasz Jodko-Narkiewicz / Томаш Наркевич-Иодко, Catholic. 1857 new church; close to Пуково (now Komsomolskaja) is Кондратовичи and here in 1862 was the second church;
Ksawery / Ксаверий was son of above named Tomasz Jodko-Narkiewicz, and he bought from Wojnillowicz / Войниллович the Lopuchi estate / Лопухи, 3 km of Pukowo / Пуково; a father of Edward Wojnillowicz / Эдвард Войниллович - Adam was proprietor of above Lopuchi.
Estate of "Оттоново" to Onufry Jodko-Narkiewicz / Онуфри Наркевич-Иодко;
Jakub Jodko-Narkiewicz / Якуб Наркевич-Иодко has the Nadnieman / Наднеман estate;
Onufry Jodko-Narkiewicz / Наркевич- Иодко has son Otton Jodko-Narkiewicz, in 1840 owner of 'Ottonowo' court that is a farm of Chaniczewo / Ханичево, and the Малысковщина Наднёманом / Malyskovshtschina 1848.

Jodko-Narkiewicz owner of the 'Ottonowo' court that is a farm Chaniczewo / Ханичево, and the Малысковщина Наднёманом / Malyskovshtschina in 1848. Наднёман was property of

Jakob Jodko - Narkiewicz son of Otton Jodko - Narkiewicz, biologist, meteorologist, physicist and electrician, lived 1848 - 1905;

next owner Konrad Jodko - Narkiewicz, son of Jakob, in 1921 moved to Cracow;

next of kin Kristian Narkiewicz - Lein is living now in Chicago.

Наднёман is located north of Kopyl, near by Piasocznaje, south-west-south of Uzda, and north-west of Pukowo. Ханичево / Атонава / Калінаўка or Оттоново / Ханічава is located north-west of Pukowo, south of above Наднёман, near by Piasocznaje.

Above mentioned Jodko-Narkiewicz in Pukowo ca 80 km west of Osipovichi and north of Sluck. See near by:

1. Manuel Jaroszewicz in Sluck A.D. 1666;

2. Michal Zbieranowski born Berezino in 1882 son of Jozef Zbieranowski and his wife Zofia nee Witkowski, after Bobrujsk, Sluck and Riga / Ryga 1899 - 1904;

3. Gedymin Jerzy Bulhak b. 1856, m. 1892, to Aldona Dzierzynski, he died 1908, lived in Mickiewicze. His grandfather Chryzostom Stanislaw Bulhak b. 1789, m. to Antonina Bulhak, estates: Ostrowek, Burdziewicze, Kozlowicze, Nowy Dwor close to Sluck! His mother Franciszka Lowicki and father Jerzy Onufry Bulhak, b. 1749; grandfather: Florian Stanislaw Bulhak.

Aldona Kojałłowicz Bułhak nee Dzierżyńska, 1870 - 1966, had son Antoni Bułhak b. 1898.
His wife Wanda Bułhak nee Juchniewicz from Cezary Juchniewicz and
Maria Juchniewicz nee Piłsudska, b. 1873.
She was daughter of Jozef Wincenty Piotr Piłsudski, b. 1833; and her brother was Jozef Klemens Piłsudski b. 1867.
The second son of above Aldona: Rudolf Bułhak b. 1895.
Sister of above Aldona: Jadwiga Dzierżyńska-Kuszelewska / Hedwig / Jadwiga Kuszelewski (1871 - 1949) + Konstanty Kuszelewski - Prawdzic (1857 - 1922). Her son: Jerzy Kuszelewski, 1895-1939.
Rudolf Bułhak b. 1895, his brother Antoni Bułhak born 1898;
Antoni Bulhak died after 1970, was one of the aides of Marshal Jozef Pilsudski and husband of Wanda Kadenacy, niece Marshal (mistake!?).
After the invasion of the Germans in Poland in September 1939, he was taken from Warsaw to its assets in the Suwalki region:
Pilsudski wife - Alexandra / Aleksandra Szczerbinska and her daughters, her sister and their cousin Anna.
Jozef Klemens Pilsudski + Aleksandra Szczerbinska has daughter Jadwiga Jagoda Pilsudska married to Andrzej Jaraczewski
(Andrzej Jaraczewski / Andrzej Antoni Jaraczewski, nickname Andrew, b. 1916, d. 1992, a Polish Navy lieutenant, the Zaremba coat of arms. In 1944 he married Jadwiga Piłsudska, an Air Transport Auxiliary pilot and daughter of Marshal Jozef Piłsudski.
They had a son, Christopher Joseph / Krzysztof Jozef, and daughter, Jane Mary / Joanna Maria, who married Janusz Onyszkiewicz);
they had daughter Joanna Jaraczewska / Jane Mary / Joanna Maria, married to Janusz Onyszkiewicz / Janusz Adam Onyszkiewicz born 1937.
Janusz Adam Onyszkiewicz was born Dec. 1937 in Lwow m. 1st to NN 1933-1967, and m. 2nd Joanna Jaraczewska b. 1950.
Zofia Kadenacy nee Piłsudski, b. 1865 was sister of Jozef Klemens Piłsudski; her husband Bolesław Kadenacy (1845 - 1918), her daughter
Wanda Kadenacy + Antoni Bulhak, b. 1898 (mistake!?), the aide-de-camp of Marshal Jozef Pilsudski.
We need check this genealogy!
Anthony George Bułhak / George Bulhak (using his middle name) / Jerzy Bulhak / Antoni Jerzy Bułhak, a Polish citizen, the son of Gediminas and Aldona, the house Dzerzhinsky, was born in Zawołoczyce, on March 3, 1898;
married Wanda nee Juchniewicz, born in Vilnius, March 8, 1901, the daughter of
Caesar and Mary nee Pilsudska.
The marriage was April 11, 1923 in Vilnius.
So, we are thinking, Antoni Jerzy Bułhak / Antoni Bulhak, the aide-de-camp of Marshal Jozef Pilsudski, had wife Wanda nee Juchniewicz.

Above mentioned Janusz Adam Onyszkiewicz was born Dec. 1937 in Lwow / Lviv; a Polish mathematician and politician. 2007 until 2009, he served as the Vice-President of the Foreign Affairs Committee in the European Parliament. Minister of Defence under Prime Minister Hanna Suchocka, and again from 1997 until 2000 under Prime Minister Jerzy Buzek. 1984 - 1986 member of the Warsaw University Senat; his parents:
Stanisław Onyszkiewicz and Franciszka Cencora b. ca 1910;
he was older child;
we know on Karol Mościcki + Maria with Franciszka vel Maria Mościcka + Onyszkiewicz with children: Jerzy Onyszkiewicz d. 1939 in Zamość and Maria Onyszkiewicz + Handzel.
Janusz Adam Onyszkiewicz was born Dec. 1937 in Lwow m. NN 1933-1967, and m. 2nd Joanna Jaraczewska b. 1950, with Danuta, Wanda, Witosława, Andrzej, and Stanisław Onyszkiewicz.
Above named Stanisław Onyszkiewicz, born 1910 and Franciszka Cencora had one child?
But Stanisław Onyszkiewicz, 1906 - March 1989, was born to Tomasz Onyszkiewicz and Katarzyna Mucha. Stanisław had one brother Kazimierz Onyszkiewicz. Stanisław married Franciszka Cencora in 1936, at age 30. He had 2 children: daughter married to Bogobowicz.
We know on Tadeusz Stanisław Onyszkiewicz b. 28 Apr. 1906 in Lwow, d. 21 Nov. 1989 in Zamośc, doctor, son of Stanisław Onyszkiewicz and Agata Keller. 1946 in Zamośc. He had older brother Edwarda and sister Jadwiga, He had children: Tomasz (Lublin then) and Jerzy (Warsaw then) b. 1940, and Andrzej b. 1941.

4. Zofia Bulhak daughter of Hipolit Bulhak / Булгак Софья Ипполитовна b. 08.09.1886, Колесницы / Колесничи of the Копыльски р-н., south-west of Marina Gorka, south-east of Uzda, north of Sluck; d. Nov. 1937.

5. The Konstantynowicz family: Вязовница that is Wiazownica / Viazovnica, west of Swislocz (see Szostak family), north - east of Osipovichi; west of Berezyna river; south-east of Grodzianka (see Marian vel Jerzy Konstantynowicz); and Фортуны - here lived (also Чайковский Петр Николаевич, Чайковская Раиса Петровна / Raisa Czajkowska and the Томкович / Tomkowicz family) parents of Marta nee Konstantynowicz (grand-daughter of Daniel Konstantynowicz / Daniil Konstantinovich): Константинови ч Матвей Даниилов and Уршуля (Ирина) Адрианова - Urszula Irena daughter of Adrian, moved from Snustik (here also Antoni Tatur / Антон Иванович Татур in 1795), the Igumen / Ihumen county.

6. The Bulhak family: Ліпень (Халуі) / Липень (Холуи) / Lipień (Chołuje) / Lipień (Chałui) or Халуйцы / Халуйск / Холуйск / Chołujce or Lipen / Lipien, at way from Osipovichi to Svisloch, south-west of Swislocz, and north-west of Bobruisk.

7. 1867-1913 I. Bulhak (?) or Bulgak purchased (1861) from Lipovskii, villages Kamionka or Matseevich; Насыцк near by Talka, south-east of Marina Gorka, north-west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze, near by Kamienka / Kamionki. And above Камионки or Kamienka close to Talka, north-west of Osipovichi.

8. Hieronim Bulhak son of Stanislaw Bulhak / Булгак Героним Станиславович b. 1855 in Сутин or Sucin, 11 km south-west of Talka, and ca 26 km west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze; was living in Дворище to 1937.

9. Булгак Викентий Игнатьевич b. 1902 in Побоковичи - 15 km west of Bobruisk; south-east of Osipovichi (I check my mistake), close to Osovo, Stavishche, Protasievichi, near by Poplawy, Derevcy, Dubrolevo; killed 1933.

10. Bulhak family in 1870 in the Minsk government, Sluck district, the Lanska area - Kosmowicze; Kosmowicze / Kosmowiczi - close to Pukielevshcina, Bychovshcina, Tshanovici, north of Kleck, south of Niezviz / Nieswiez, near by Osmolowo, Lan, Leonowiczi.

11. Konstantynowicz, Wiesielowo / Veselovo village in the Osipovichi district, Mogilev region;

12. Konstantynowicz in 1894, Spustik village, the Igumen County; Byelorussian, individual farmer, lived in the Osipovichi district, Yasenovka / Jasieniowka;

13. Szymon Bułhak b. ca 1660 / 1680?; 1686 Nowogrodek, owner of Ostrowka close to Mir, Janowszczyzna near by Iwieniec, Nowodworek, Osipowszczyzna, Nacz, Puszcza Moszukowska, Domatkanowicze close to Kleck, Połoneczka by Dzwieja. Mikołaj Bułhak b. circa 1670 / 1695?, son of Benedykt Bułhak and Eufemia, husband of Katarzyna and Marianna, father of Florian Stanisław Bułhak ca 1695 - 1745?

14. Julian Bulhak / Yulyan Bulgak bought land in the Igumen district in 1859 - the estate Matseevich / Matsevichi / Mateevichi from the landlord Lisowski
(of Bulhak in 1867-1913); the estate Bluza (Bluza close to Poddiegtiarnia, north-west of Talka, ca 26 km north-west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze / Asipovichy, and west of Lipien of Bulgak / Bulhak family)
from hands of Sophia Prosor / Zofia Prozor - Swietorzecka / Sventorzhetski, owned in those places.

The Prozor family was near by to Malkiewicz - Horodecka Izabela.

Some quotes from studies on James Jesus Angleton (1917 - 1987):

James Jesus Angleton (1917 - 1987) was chief of CIA Counterintelligence from 1954 to 1975.
Angleton grew up mostly in Italy, where his father owned the National Cash Register subsidiary. He attended an English preparatory school before entering Yale in 1937. He entered Harvard Law School and then joined the Army in 1943.
Angleton was recruited into the Office of Strategic Services and first worked in the super-secret X-2 counterintelligence branch in London. In 1954, he became the head of the new Counterintelligence Staff.
"Among Mr. Petty's concerns was
Angleton's once-close relationship with Kim Philby, who rose to the highest levels of the British intelligence service before he was unmasked as a Soviet mole in the early 1960s.
... According to his unpublished memoir, Mr. Petty spent more than two years working secretly to investigate his supervisor. He gathered intricate details about Angleton's movements and close associates through the years, looking for - and finding, he thought -
evidence that Angleton could have collaborated with the Soviets.
... Mr. Petty admitted that it was a messy conclusion based largely on the circumstantial suggestion of guilt.
'It was not a clear-cut case,' he told David Martin for 'Wilderness of Mirrors,' Martin's 1980 book about the Cold War-era CIA. Whatever his misgivings, Mr. Petty reported concerns about Angleton to agency superiors in 1974. He delivered several drawers full of notes and documents supporting his view, then spent at least 26 hours over the course of a week explaining his work to a senior officer in tape-recorded interviews. The price of that move was Mr. Petty's job - he retired almost immediately - and his reputation.
His accusation against Angleton was dismissed in a CIA study,
and Mr. Petty remains one of the more controversial figures in the agency's history...".

Jefferson Morley on the new JFK files:

"... Did you consider the possibility that Angleton himself may have been the mole as Clare Petty and Douglas Valentine suspected ...
There were at least four internal CIA studies that look at the issue of the mole after Petty made his allegation (Cram, Goodpastur, Fischer, and Hart). None came to the conclusion that Angleton was not the mole, and all came to the conclusion that there was no mole during Angleton's tenure.
Petty's report has never been declassified so the details of his argument are unknown and impossible to judge. While Cleveland Cram's voluminous study of Angleton has not been made public, there is nothing in Cram's public comments to indicate that Cram saw evidence suggesting Angleton was the mole. Cram's personal papers on the subject were withdrawn from public view by the CIA when I began to research the issue. ...
In addition, I consulted the work of Christopher Andrew, semi-official historian of the British services and custodian of the Mitrokhin archive, the most complete collection of Soviet intelligence files available in the West. Andrew does not believe that Angleton was the mole. Nothing that has been published about the Mitrokhin archive supports the notion that Angleton was the mole. ..."

Angleton shaped CIA counterintelligence for 20 years from 1954 to 1974.

"... Angleton, some of them say, was a paranoid who effectively shut down Agency operations against the Soviet Union".

Tennent H. Bagley insists that Nosenko's first contact with CIA in 1962 was designed to conceal
the presence of Soviet penetration agents who had been operating in US intelligence since at least the late 1950s and that his reappearance barely two months after the JFK murder was a risky change in the operation.

Clare Edward Petty was born 1920, in Norman, Oklahoma. He was a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of the University of Oklahoma. Clare Edward Petty investigation of Heinz Felfe caught the attention of James Jesus Angleton, the head of the CIA's counter-intelligence unit.
In 1966 Petty joined the Special Investigations Group (SIG) and was given the task by Angleton to find the Soviet mole that Anatoli Golitsin had suggested had penetrated the CIA. Angleton suggested that Petty should take a close look at David Edmund Murphy.
... Angleton's suspicions were increased by Murphy speaking fluent Russian and marrying a woman who had previously lived in the Soviet Union. Murphy had been accused of being a Soviet spy by one of his own officers, Peter Kapusta. Newton S. Miler, a member of SIG had investigated Murphy in the early 1960s.
Petty concluded that a phrase in a letter from Michal Goleniewski, the Polish intelligence officer who called himself Sniper ... the KGB had advance knowledge that could only have come from a mole in the CIA.
Angleton's mentor and friend, British intelligence officer Kim Philby, has been a longtime double agent for the Soviets.
As a result of this trauma, Angleton was about to become obsessed with searching for mole in the CIA itself, destroying the accomplishments and career of many agency officers.
Allegedly his long-term investigations led to the paralysis of the CIA, disrupted the team and introduced general distrust, which ended with no significant successes.

David Wise wrote:
"... Wise started a biography of Angleton ...
on the search for 'Sasha' - the alleged Soviet mole inside the CIA. Wise drew on many of Martin's and Mangold's sources but also turned up new information from previously silent Agency officers and in formerly classified records, including about compensation provided to victims of the molehunt. Wise also revealed details about the penetration agent, who did not damage CIA nearly as much as Angleton feared or as the molehunt itself did - although he goes well beyond the facts to claim that the search 'shattered' the Agency. ...".
Angleton died in 1987.
In later articles, Epstein did become more skeptical of the Angleton-Golitsyn interpretation of Soviet foreign policy. Most recently, he noted that the observation of Aldrich Ames's KGB handler that Angleton's suspicions about a mole inside CIA 'has the exquisite irony of a stalker following his victim in order to tell him he is not being followed'...".

David C. Martin does not identify where he got much of his specific information.

Angleton initially cooperated with Martin but cut off contact when he learned that the author also was in touch with some of his critics. One of them was Clare Petty, an ex-CI Staff officer who had come to believe that Angleton was either a fraud or a KGB asset.
Five months before landing in Normandy, Angleton's first meeting with Kim Philby came to an end.
According to the historian Antony C. Brown "at the meeting Angleton had ambitions, and had no appointment. It was Philby who suggested he take up the job - counter-intelligence. ... It was Kim who taught Angleton the structure of secret service, explained to him how he was intercepted. ...
Kim [Philby] became a mentor to James and a teacher.
If that was the case, Angleton quickly became independent ...
Kim was hired to work for the NKVD, and a few months later he became confident.

... At the beginning of April 1944, Angleton learned that Princess Maria Pignatelli, the wife of influential politician and conspirator ... crossed the border between Allied and German troops and paid a visit to several high-ranking Wehrmacht officers. According to Angleton's informant, the duchess was to inform the Nazis of the planned Allied offensive in Italy ... the Duchess was registered by OSS as their agent. ... double agents.
... Although the case came to light, and Poletti was shot by the British ...
Angleton was about to use the Prince's connections. Immediately after the war he decided with Pignatelli create an organization fighting the Communist Party of Italy and supporting the right-wing forces of Prime Minister Alcide de Gasperi. These actions were also supported by the British ... R5, its counterintelligence section also operating in Italy. Head of section in London was Kim Philby ...".
In September 1945, the Consul General of the USSR Konstanty Wolkow reported to the British consul in Istanbul, offering in exchange for asylum ... information about Soviet spying in Turkey and the Middle East. ... his information showed that the Foreign Office and the SIS counter-intelligence had three NKWD agents. ... Information ... was sent to the head of the SIS "C", and for the hearing of ...
Philby, head of the Soviet section of counterintelligence.
Kim was going to Istanbul for three weeks ...".

Even without the sensational New York Times front-page story by Seymour Hersh in December 1974 about CIA domestic operations that prompted Angleton's dismissal, it was more than time for him to go, as even his longtime defender Richard Helms came to admit.

Petty continued to search for the Soviet mole and eventually reached the conclusion that it was the man who had ordered the investigation, James Jesus Angleton, who had penetrated the CIA, and was in league with Anatoli Golitsin, who was not a genuine defector
... PETTY:
I began rethinking everything. If you turned the flip side it all made sense. Golitsin was sent to exploit Angleton. Then the next step, maybe not just an exploitation, and I had to extend it to Angleton. Golitsin might have been dispatched as the perfect man to manipulate Angleton ... Angleton was a mole, but he needed Golitsin to have a basis on which to act ... Golitsin was a support for things Angleton had wanted to do for years in terms of getting into foreign intelligence services. Golitsin's leads lent themselves to that. I concluded that logically Golitsin was the prime dispatched agent.
In 1971 Petty began "putting stuff on index cards, formulating my theory".
Petty later told David C. Martin: The case against Angleton was a great compilation of circumstantial material. It was not a clear-cut case. ...
Petty told James H. Critchfield, the CIA head of the Eastern European and Near East divisions about his theory.
As he later pointed out:
"I reviewed Angleton's entire career, going back through his relationships with Philby, his adherence to all of Golitsyn's wild theories, his false accusations against foreign services and the resulting damage to the liaison relationships, and finally his accusation against innocent Soviet Division officers."
As a result of his investigation, Petty concluded that there was an "80-85 percent probability" that Angleton was a Soviet mole.
Petty decided not to tell his boss, Jean M. Evans, about his investigation. "Petty worked in absolute secrecy, ... he was gathering information to accuse his own boss, James Angleton, as a Soviet spy.
By the spring of 1973, after toiling for some two years, Petty felt he could not develop his theory any further. He decided to retire."

Clare Edward Petty died in April, 2011.
Mr. Petty joined the fledgling CIA in 1947. Within a few years, he played a key role in identifying and catching Heinz Felfe, one of the most successful Soviet agents of the Cold War.

Douglas Valentine (Author):
Valentine's research into CIA activities began when CIA Director William Colby gave him free access to interview CIA officials who had been involved in various aspects of the Phoenix program in South Vietnam. Angleton was key to understanding the CIA. Weiner hasn't detailed Angleton's relationship with the underworld through the Federal Bureau of Narcotics. ...
"Through Angleton's relationships with Italian royalty, Tibor Rosenbaum [Mossad agent], Charlie Siragusa [FBN agent], Hank Manfredi [FBN], and Mario Brod, he was certainly aware of Meyer Lansky's central role as the Mafia's banker in the Caribbean - where Lansky's mob associate from Las Vegas, Moe Dalitz, opened an account at Castle Bank - as well as in Mexico, where Angleton's friend, Winston M. Scott, was station chief, and certainly kept tabs on Lansky's associate, former Mexican president Miguel Aleman. As ever, Angleton and Lansky were the dark stars of the intelligence and financial aspects of international drug smuggling. Alan Block devotes some pages to this in his book, Masters of Paradise. ...

Angleton thought William Colby might be a mole.

Angleton exposed the divisions within the CIA after 1966, the Colby vs. Helms factions. He also represented the literary sensibility the CIA once had, where finding secrets was like teasing the meaning out of a poem. Now we have sledgehammer spies. ... Cord Meyer worked with Angleton and used people like labor leader Irving Brown and Jay Lovestone to travel around Europe in the early 1950s. Despite all the strum and drang about battling the Soviet Union, what the CIA was really trying to do was court Socialists away from Communists to form Social Democracy governments to counter the influence of the Soviet Union. Eventually that strategy worked. That was really what was going on behind the scenes.
... Angleton ran the CIA's narcotics operation, in league with the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, until 1971, when Helms put it under Tom Karamessines at operations; Karamessines was the former CIA Athens chief. I know for a fact that Angleton in the counterintelligence division of the CIA was in charge of its relations with law enforcement agencies, including the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, which is one of the reasons organizationally that he ended up having relations with people like Charlie Siragusa, a high ranking official in the FBN. This is how Angleton enters into relationships with Corsican drug traffickers ...
Suzan Mazur: Speaking of affairs, Weiner's mention of Cord Meyer on the show had to do with Meyer's ex-wife (no name), who was one of JFK's lovers, being mysteriously murdered and Angleton turning up at her house to see if there was a diary. But as you illuminate in Strength of the Wolf, Mary Pinchot Meyer took LSD given to her by Timothy Leary and also distributed it to the Washington Establishment, possibly to JFK as well. ... You also say that Joseph Civello ran the heroin business in Dallas with John Ormento and the Magaddino family in Buffalo and that they were linked to Carlos Marcello, Santo Trafficante, Jr. and Jimmy Hoffa ... Jackie Kennedy in a kind of premonition of Dallas wrote in one of her letters to Clark Clifford that she was concerned about the 50 businessmen in Texas who said: 'Why should we do anything to help the Kennedys?'
... Valentine: First of all, I don't pretend to know who killed Kennedy. For all I know it could have been Lee Harvey Oswald. That chapter on JFK in my book is speculative...
Jack Ruby went to Dallas in 1948 working for White and actually infiltrated Bugsy Siegel's Mafia drug connection with the Kuomintang in Mexico. As far as I know nobody was ever arrested. Bugsy Siegel was killed because he was getting a little out of control...".

James Angleton's supporters:

Frank Gardiner Wisner (1909 - 1965)
was head of Office of Strategic Services operations in southeastern Europe in 1944-1945.
He served as the 2nd Deputy Director of Plans in charge of the Directorate of Plans of the Central Intelligence Agency from August 23, 1951 to January 1, 1959.
He was also tapped for the Seven Society. The Seven Society is the most secretive of the University of Virginia's secret societies. Members [Edward Stettinius, Jr., secretary of state under Presidents Roosevelt and Truman] are only revealed after their death.
FRANK G. Wisner in Washington was associated with the 'Georgetown Set':
George Kennan, Dean Acheson, Richard Bissell, Walt Rostow, Eugene Rostow, Cord Meyer, James Angleton, William Averill Harriman, Felix Frankfurter, Allen W. Dulles and Paul Nitze. The Georgetown Ladies' Social Club included Mary Pinchot Meyer, Sally Reston, Polly Wisner, Cynthia Helms, Phyllis Nitze and Annie Bissell.
In 1948, the Office of Special Projects was unveiled as the renamed Office of Policy Coordination (OPC) with FRANK Wisner still in charge as Executive Director.
With James Angleton, Wisner ran Operation red sox.
JAMES ANGLETON was associated with Frank Wisner in Albania and Poland.
Frank Wisner worked closely with Kim Philby, the British agent who was a Soviet spy.
The FBI Director, J. Edgar Hoover, described the OPC as "Wisner's gang of weirdos" and had discovered that some of them had been active in left-wing politics in the 1930s. Hoover gave McCarthy inf. on an affair that Wisner had with Princess Caradja in Romania during the war; Caradja was a Soviet agent.

Princess Catherine Olympia Caradja born Ecaterina Olimpia Cretulescu in 1893, grew up in England and France, and lived
in Romania from 1908 to 1952, as "Angel of Ploieşti" in PLOESTI.
She resided in the U.S. since Dec. 1955, mainly in Comfort, in the Hill Country of Texas. In 1978 she befriended Ottomar Berbig, an antiques dealer in West Berlin.
FRANK WISNER was also involved in establishing the Lockheed U-2 spy plane program run by Richard M. Bissell, Jr.
On August 23, 1951, Frank Wisner succeeded Allen W. Dulles and became the 2nd Deputy Director of Plans; with
Richard Helms as his chief of operations.
This office had control of about 75% of the CIA budget.

Allen Dulles in September 1954 selected ANGLETON to be chief of a countrintelligence staff.

Angleton was greatly influenced by DONALD McLEAN and KIM PHILBY.

Donald Duart Maclean (1913 - 1983) was a British diplomat and member of the Cambridge Five who acted as spies for the Soviet Union.

Wisner's gang of weirdos: MEYER, BRADEN, and FARMER in CIA.

BRADEN, and FARMER left CIA in 1954.
Tom Braden ran the C.I.A.'s covert cultural division in the early 1950's. Mr. Braden goes on in the 1980's to become the leftist foil to Patrick Buchanan on the CNN program ''Crossfire.''

In 1951 Allen W. Dulles took Cord Meyer to join the CIA.

Named Thomas Braden / Thomas Wardell Braden (1917 - 2009) an CIA official, journalist; co-host of the CNN show Crossfire. 1941 - served the U.S. Office of Strategic Services (OSS), with the OSS director William Donovan.
After the war, Braden met Robert Frost. Robert Lee Frost (1874 - 1963) was an American poet. His mother was a Scottish immigrant. He attended the Theta Delta Chi fraternity and then he moved to Washington, becoming part of a group of former OSS men: known as the Georgetown Set.

Richard Mervin Bissell Jr. was the son of Richard Bissell, the president of Hartford Fire Insurance. Two of his fellow pupils at Groton were Joseph Alsop and Tracy Barnes. Bissell worked closely with the Office of Policy Coordination (OPC), which had helped to organize guerrilla. 1947 Bissell was recruited by W. Averell Harriman.

The Georgetown Set was formed in 1945-1948 by a group of former Office of Strategic Services veterans:
Frank Wisner - the founder, George Kennan, Dean Acheson, Joseph Alsop, Stewart Alsop - the founder, Thomas Braden - a founder, Walt Rostow - a founder, Eugene Rostow, Charles Bohlen, Cord Meyer, James Angleton, William Averell Harriman, John McCloy, Felix Frankfurter, Allen W. Dulles, and Paul Nitze. The Georgetown Ladies' Social Club: Katharine Meyer Graham, Mary Pinchot Meyer, Antoinette Pinchot, Polly Wisner, Joan Braden, and Annie Bissell.

Bissell worked for the Ford Foundation but Frank Wisner took him to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
Bissell in February 1962 left the Central Intelligence Agency and was replaced as head of the Directorate for Plans, by Richard Helms.
Braden joined the CIA and he was working closely with Allen Dulles and Frank Wisner, "believing that the cultural milieu of postwar Europe at the time was favorable toward left-wing views, and ... best served by supporting the Democratic left", by Wikipedia.
Braden's efforts were guided toward promoting left-wing elements in groups such as the AFL-CIO: Irving Brown, Jay Lovestone, a noted former communist follower.
Braden left the CIA in November 1954 and co-operated with his friend Nelson Rockefeller. Active in California Democratic politics, he served as president of the California State Board of Education.

Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (1908 - 1979) was an American businessman and politician. He served as the 41st Vice President of the United States from 1974 to 1977;
served as Assistant Secretary of State for American Republic Affairs for Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman.
Rockefeller was politically liberal and progressive.
He was the second son of John Davison Rockefeller Jr. and philanthropist Abigail Greene "Abby" Aldrich. He had brother - John III. Their father, John Jr., was the only son of Standard Oil co-founder John Davison Rockefeller Sr. and Laura Celestia "Cettie" Spelman.
Laura Celestia "Cettie" Spelman Rockefeller (b. 1839) was an American abolitionist and philanthropist.
Abigail Greene "Abby" Aldrich Rockefeller (b. 1874) was an American socialite and philanthropist.

Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller in 1956 created the Special Studies Project, directed by Henry Kissinger and funded by the Rockefeller Brothers Fund.
Rockefeller "...outlawed job discrimination based on sex or age; appointed women to head the largest number of state agencies in state history; prohibited discrimination against women in education, employment, housing and credit applications".

Back to BRADEN who became a newspaper columnist with Kennedy's press secretary, Frank Mankiewicz.

Frank Fabian Mankiewicz II (b. 1924) was an American journalist and political adviser. The son of Sara Aaronson and screenwriter Herman J. Mankiewicz; his son Josh Mankiewicz is an NBC News correspondent.

Wife of named Thomas Wardell Braden - Joan Braden "...worked as coordinator of consumer affairs in the State Department, a position created for her in 1976 while her friend Henry Kissinger was secretary of state. Among her other close friends were former ambassador Averell Harriman and CIA Director Richard Helms".
After replacing Mankiewicz as the "voice from the left" on the syndicated radio show Confrontation, Tom Braden co-hosted the Buchanan-Braden Program; hosted the CNN program Crossfire.

Patrick Joseph Buchanan (b. 1938), co-hosted a radio show with liberal columnist Tom Braden; on NBC radio from 1978 to 1984; and CNN's Crossfire;
his partners included Braden, Michael Kinsley, Geraldine Ferraro, and Bill Press.
His father was of Irish, English, and Scottish ancestry, and his mother was of German descent.

Michael Kinsley (born 1951) is an American political journalist and commentator. Kinsley was born to a Jewish family; 1989 to 1995, Kinsley appeared on CNN's Crossfire.
In 2002 Kinsley married Patty Stonesifer, a top executive at Microsoft and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; on the MSNBC.

Remember:
Thomas Braden, head of the International Organizations Division (IOD);
Frank Weisner, the Director, Office of Special Projects.

David Bruce, appointed by Dwight Eisenhower to investigate covert propaganda, stated that Mockingbird is responsible for over 50% of international politics over the last half of the 20th Century. Operation Mockingbird was an program of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) that began in the early 1950s and attempted to manipulate news media; Deborah Davis wrote, that the
Operation Mockingbird was established by Frank Wisner, director of the Office of Policy Coordination; Wisner recruited Phil Graham from The Washington Post to run the project;
"By the early 1950s, Wisner 'owned' respected members of The New York Times, Newsweek, and CBS...".

In 1951, Allen Dulles enlisted Cord Meyer to the CIA. Meyer became Mockingbird's "principal operative."

Philip Leslie "Phil" Graham b. 1915, was a member of both Florida Blue Key and Sigma Alpha Epsilon (Florida Upsilon chapter) and was both a fraternity brother and roommate of the late Senator George A. Smathers.
In 1941 he was law clerk to United States Supreme Court under Justice Felix Frankfurter, who had been his professors at Harvard.

1940, he married Katharine Graham, the daughter of Eugene Meyer, the owner of The Washington Post.
Eugene Isaac Meyer b. 1875, to Marc Eugene Meyer and Harriet Newmark, both Alsatian Jews. In 1946, when Washington Post publisher Eugene Meyer was named the first president of the World Bank, he passed the position of publisher to Graham.

Thomas Braden, head of the of International Organizations Division (IOD), played an important role in Operation Mockingbird.

Cord Meyer -
Operation Mockingbird was, in the 1950s, organized by Cord Meyer and Allen W. Dulles, it was later led by Frank Wisner after Dulles became the head of the CIA.
It also worked to influence foreign media and political campaigns.

Cord Meyer Jr., b. 1920, was a US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) official. The son of a diplomat and grandson of a New York State Democratic chairman.
In about 1949, he began work with the CIA, until 1977.
He married Mary Pinchot in 1945; and she was mistress to President John F. Kennedy. Her 1964 murder remains unsolved.
His grandfather, also called Cord Meyer, was a property developer and a chairman of the New York State Democratic Committee. Junior was a member of the Scroll and Key society. Mary Eno Pinchot, was the second daughter of Amos Pinchot.
In 1951, Allen W. Dulles made contact with her husband.

Nicolae Ceausescu's strongest ally was Elena, his wife since December 23, 1947.

Let's compare the information contained in the book 'Shadows of War' by Mike Johnson - 2010, with reality:
Joe and GABRIELLA BALAS BARTON were as close as the CEAUSESCUS.

Joe Barton, a young man who joins the United States Foreign Service after graduation from Ohio University in 1938. In Washington, he meets Gabriella Balas, clerk in Romania's Washington Embassy. Gabriella was from PLOESTI. In 1938 she met JOE BARTON, Foreign SERVICE officer in Washington. And the two enjoy romance before Joe is posted to Singapore, which proves to be a very dangerous assignment. Dec. 1941 Gabriella back to Romania.
In Romania since 1941 Gabriella teamed with Princess CATHERINE CARADJA in Ploesti.
In 1945 Joe moved to Romania. Gabriella and her parents Cornel [died in 1960] and Elena, lived in Ploesti, where Joe married Gabriella Balas, now Mrs. Joseph Barton.
Gabriella BARTON in Washington befriended ALICE MANESCU [from TIMISOARA], from the Romanian embassy before 1939 in US; LAURA Ramaschi from Bucharesti, married English professor at the University of Bucharest, named STENTZ.
Gabriella BALAS BARTON was friend of Princess Catherine Olympia Caradja born Ecaterina Olimpia Cretulescu on January 28, 1893.
"... According to FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover, Princess Caradja had an affair during the war with Frank Wisner, who was working in Bucharest as chief of OSS operations in southeastern Europe. Claiming that Caradja was a Soviet agent, Hoover passed that information to Senator Joseph McCarthy...", by Wikipedia;
Frank Gardiner Wisner b. 1909, was head of Office of Strategic Services operations in southeastern Europe in 1944-1945; and served as the 2nd Deputy Director of Plans in charge of the Directorate of Plans of the Central Intelligence Agency from August 23, 1951 to January 1, 1959.

Among those attending Catherine's memorial service [1993 in Romania] were Gabriella Balas Barton and Jeff Wolfrom.
Catherine's youngest daughter, Alexandra, died in 1997, at 77.
Gabriella met Jeff Wolfrom and his American colleagues in Ploesti during second World War. Jeff Wolfrom was experiencing a strong sense of deja vu.

Above named Elena Ceausescu, n?e Lenuta Petrescu, b. 1916, was the wife of Nicolae Ceausescu, the Communist leader of the Socialist Republic of Romania. She was also the Deputy Prime Minister of Romania. She was born in Petresti commune. She moved along with her brother to Bucharest, where she worked as a laboratory assistant.
Author Mike Johnson wrote on real people, among the most compelling historical characters are a Romanian princess who was devoted to caring for orphans and Allied prisoners of war.
Gabriella BALAS BARTON visited Romania in 1966.

Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby (1912 - 1988)

"...was a high-ranking member of British intelligence who worked as a double agent before defecting to the Soviet Union in 1963. He served as both an INO NKVD and KGB operative. In 1963, Philby was revealed to be a member of the spy ring now known as the Cambridge Five
[he was the member of Cambridge University Socialist Society / CUSS. Closest friend of Maurice Dobb, who was a lecturer at Trinity College, and under his influence, "...Philby became convinced that the world was endangered by fascism, and that the only effective weapon in the fight against this evil was Marxism and the Comintern..." {compare Lee Oswald + Paine, and about Leon Czolgosz + Emma Goldman}],
the other members of which were Donald Maclean, Guy Burgess, Anthony Blunt and, possibly, John Cairncross".

His grandfather was Harry Montagu Philby (1864 - 1913), born to Henry Adams Philby and Mary Bridger.

H. Montague Philby was the secretary of the Passara Planters' Association

[tea in CEYLON - see my websites -
Naminacooly close to Badulla in the District of Passara, established in 1893: Deaker., Geo.kent, 1898 - 1899, Manager; Macfarlane, 1893, Manager; Owners: Estates Ld, Namunukula Tea in 1898 - 1899; Macfarlane, Messrs. in 1893. 50 km east to NUWARA ELIJA, and south-east to KANDY. 1867 - the first tea estate in Sri Lanka was established by scotsman James Taylor in Loolecondera Estate.

Namunukula = Naminacooly mountains, west to URY estate; west to Passara, Sri Lanka, about 5 km; and 5 km east to SPRING VALLY. Namunukula village: south to named SPRING VALLY and 13 km south-west to PASSARA; 20 km to north-west is situated BADULLA - the capital of the province of Uva, Ceylon is situated 54 m. S. E. of Kandy. There is a botanic garden; and the town is overshadowed by the Naminacooly Kande range of mountains.

Sir Anthony Oliphant's tea estate, the Oliphant Estate, situated in the hill country in Nuwara Eliya - 55 km south-east-south of Kandy, east of Colombo, 26 km east of Hatton, close to Lindula and Meepilimana - was the first estate to grow tea in Ceylon;
Anthony and his son Laurence are the first people to grow tea in Ceylon. Sir Anthony's son, Laurence Oliphant, went on become a Member of the House of Commons. Laurence Oliphant was the only child of Sir Anthony Oliphant (1793 - 1859), a member of the Scottish landed gentry. Laurence spent his early childhood in Colombo, and the Oliphant Estate in Nuwara Eliya. In 1848 - 1849, he was in Europe, 1851 to Nepal,
returned to Ceylon, travel in Russia at the Black Sea in 1853 (Odessa ?), next to 1861 Oliphant was secretary to Lord Elgin; visited the Circassian coast during the Crimean War. 1861 Oliphant was appointed First Secretary of the British Legation in Japan, a visit to Korea, where he discovered a Russian force;
met Alice le Strange, married in London, 1872.
In 1879, Oliphant left for Palestine, where he promoted Jewish settlement for Jewish suffering in Eastern Europe. This was the first wave of Jewish settlement by Zionists in 1882 in the Galilee. Oliphant settled in Haifa, and on Mount Carmel.

The Worms Brothers estates:
Pussellawa,
Keenakelle in Badulla {Keenakelle Group including Keenakelle (13 km north-west to BADULLA), Keenagashena (17 km north-west to BADULLA) and Serendib},
Meddecombra in Dimbulla,
Thotulagalla in Haputale, Condegalla and
Labookelle in Ramboda, the Norwood in Dikoya.
There was Delta estate, adjoining Rothschild,
James Glenie, Captain Harry Bird's Black Forest and F. R. Sabonadiere, the founder of Sabonadiere & Company in Colombo.
Loolecondera situated in the Hewaheta district, of G. D. B. Harrison, W. M. Leake, and James Joseph Mackenzie in 1841. James Taylor referred as the father of tea planting in Ceylon at the Peradeniya gardens from about 1865. The Government sent Arthur Morice, an experienced coffee planter to Assam to learn the art of tea cultivation. In 1875, James Taylor had planted 100 acres in tea in Loolecondera in Hewaheta lower, Jenkins on Hope in Hewaheta upper.

The estates opened up in the Nuwara Eliya district:

L. A. Rossiter in 1875 owned 203 acres; Fairyland, Hazelwood, Oliphant, Alston Scott & Company. He also owned Florence in Yakdessa. Other plantations were Pedro owned by F. Bayley and Tullibody owned by G. Armitage, both under the supervision of E. A. Watson.
Above the ALSTONS, SCOTT & CO. was founded in 1848 by J. B. Alston and Alex Scott who were joined in 1853 by George Alston. BORRON, A. G. K. - Archibald Glen Kidson Borron was a coffee planter at Crystal Hill at Matale. The fourth son of William Geddes Borron, J. P., of Scafield Tower, Ardrosan, Scotland; A. G. K. Borron died in Ceylon in 1872.
CAREY, STRACHAN & CO. established in 1869 under the name of Carey and Strachan, the partners being L. St. George Carey and Charles Strachan. In 1896, a company was formed in London, and develop certain tea estates, tea factory as the Galaha Factory.
CEYLON COMPANY LTD. in 1863 of G. and M. B. Worms in Colombo (1842-1862). The Ceylon establishment was managed by J. Mercer (Mercier ?) and C. B. Smith.
In 1883 the Company owned St. Sebastion Mills for Coffee and Grandpass for Tea. CEYLON PLANTATION CO. under the auspices of the Ceylon Plantation Company by George Wall in Ceylon in 1846. The office of the company was in Kandy and George Wall took up his residence at Haramby / Aramba House.
COLOMBO COMMERCIAL CO., THE - in London and Ceylon by John Burn, an engineer, who was born in Aberdeen, Scotland; since 1848 in coffee planting and in 1876 tea.
The Worms brothers, cousins of the Rothschild family.

Baron Solomon Benedict De Worms, b. 1801, d. 1882, and his brothers Maurice and Gabriel purchased a large estate at Pussellawa, the Rothschild Estate in 1841. The brothers established the Eastern Produce and Estates Co Ltd, and G. and M. B. Worms; at the Condegalla Estate, near Ramboda Pass they planted the first tea trees with derived from China.
Sir Emerson Tennant, Colonial Secretary 1845 - 1850 visited their estate at Pussellawa.
Above mentioned Sir James Emerson - Tennent, 1st Baronet b. 1804 in Rockvale, County of Down, an Irish politician and traveller, was the third son of William Emerson, a merchant of Belfast and Sarah daughter of William Arbuthnot of Rockville / Rockvale, County of Down; James Emerson Tennent, 1st Baronet married Letitia, only daughter of William Tennent, a banker and wealthy merchant at Belfast, who died in 1832. James Emerson Tennent entered parliament in 1832 for Belfast],

"...conveying the Association's thanks for Ferguson's support for the extension of the road from Naminacooly
{JOHN Ferguson, in Ceylon in 1893; close to Hakgala - 7 km south to NUWARA ELIJA, and Oodapusilawa}
to Passara, 1895...".

Passara Planters' Association: Mr. George Kent Deaker, planting politician, chairman Passara Planters' Association, 1896-97, died 1924; ca 1907, Mr. Bisset is the hon. sec. of the Passara Planters' Association, and is a member of the Badulla Club.

Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby was born at Ambala in the Punjab Province of British India.
He was the son of Dora Johnston and HARRY St John Philby
[born at St John's (hospital ?), Badulla, Ceylon - the second son of Harry Montagu],
who convert to Islam in 1930, a member of the Indian Civil Service
[deputy of the Governor ! after 1908; the closest friend of lieutenant Bernard Montgomery],
a civil servant in Mesopotamia and advisor to King Ibn Sa'ud of Saudi Arabia.

Named
Harry St John Bridger Philby (1885 - 1960) / Jack Philby / Sheikh Abdullah, was also colonial office intelligence officer; "the first Socialist to join the Indian Civil Service" in Lahore in the Punjab in 1908. In later years St. John Philby was interned as an fascist and potential enemy of Britain
[compare Hugh Angleton, an executive of the National Cash Register Company, since 1931 in Milan, very impressed with Benito Mussolini, ultra-conservative, a sympathizer with Fascist officials].

Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby in 1933 acted as a courier between Vienna and Prague, delivered money to refugees from the Nazis [compare the parents of Zbigniew Brzezinski]. In Vienna Philby met Litzi Friedmann / Alice Kohlmann, Austrian Communist of Hungarian Jewish origins [compare origin of George SOROS]. A friend of Friedmann's in London, Edith Tudor Hart, a Soviet agent, "...first approached Philby about the possibility of working for Soviet intelligence" in 1934. Litzi Friedmann was "almost certainly the person who recruited him to the Soviet cause." Theodore Maly / Man, Hungarian, and Anatoly Gorsky / Kap, of the OGPU in London, a German known as Reif / Mar, also co-operated with Philby. In February 1937, Philby came to Seville, Spain, but in 1938, Walter Krivitsky / Samuel Ginsberg, a former GRU officer in Paris, published an account of two Soviet intelligence agents had penetrated the British Foreign Office and a third Soviet intelligence agent had worked as a journalist for a British newspaper during the civil war in Spain.
Hester Marsden-Smedley introduced Kim Philby to Marjorie Maxse of the War Office.
Philby was appointed as an instructor of the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in 1940 - in the Secret Intelligence Service known as MI6, the British intelligence service - with the support of his then influential father, who had sponsored him at MI6 Major General Stewart Menzies.

Ivan Chichayev / Vadim, re-established contact with Kim Philby.

Kim Philby met James Jesus Angleton, a US counter-intelligence officer working with SIS in London, Section V.
Angleton "...became suspicious of Philby when he failed to pass on information relating to a British agent executed by the Gestapo in Germany. It later emerged that the agent - known as Schmidt - had also worked as an informant for the Rote Kapelle organisation, which sent information to both London and Moscow".

Acc. to 'spartacus-educational':

"...On 28th December, 1943, James Jesus Angleton, arrived in London to work for the Italian section of X-2 C.I.
Soon after arriving in England he met Kim Philby, who was head of MI6's Iberian section. It was the start of a long friendship:
"Once I met Philby, the world of intelligence that had once interested me consumed me. He had taken on the Nazis and Fascists head-on and penetrated their operations in Spain and Germany. His sophistication and experience appealed to us ... Kim taught me a great deal."

Phillip Knightley, the author of Philby: KGB Masterspy (1988), has pointed out:
"Philby was one of Angleton's instructors, his prime tutor in counter-intelligence; Angleton came to look upon him as an elder-brother figure."

Angleton impressed his senior officers and within six months he was promoted to the rank of second lieutenant and was appointed as chief of the Italian Desk for the European Theater of Operations. A colleague, John Raymond Baine, later remembered him as a well-respected officer...".

In September 1949, Philby arrived in the United States, as First Secretary to the British Embassy and as chief British intelligence representative in Washington. 1952, Philby was working as a journalist, in 1954 a diplomatic newsletter.
In October 1955, Philby was officially cleared by Foreign Secretary Harold Macmillan.
"...On the evening of 23rd January 1963, Kim Philby vanished from Beirut, ..." either on board a ship or escaped through Syria, to Soviet Armenia.

On 1 July 1963, Philby's flight to Moscow was officially confirmed.

Baliszewski and Tadeusz Kisielewski point out the opportunity the Soviets had at Gibraltar.

"... At about the same time that Sikorski's plane was left unguarded at the Gibraltar airfield, a Soviet plane was parked nearby; it carried Soviet ambassador Ivan Maisky, giving the Soviets an officially confirmed presence at the site of the accident".
Philby was in charge of security for the Gibraltar area at that time.

"...Muller knew Harold Kim Philby before World War II and he renewed their contacts when Philby was sent to Washington as a British intelligence officer to cooperate with the FBI and CIA. In his journal, under the date of January 8, 1950, Heinrich Muller noted the conversation he had with Philby regarding what happened on Gibraltar on July 4, 1943. ... In Philby's opinion, Stalin wanted General Sikorski's death.
As the chief of the British counterespionage for the Iberian Peninsula, Philby could easily find out the date of Sikorski's visit to Gibraltar on his way from the Near East to London. In his version of events, the Soviets arranged for Maisky, their ambassador to London, to fly back via Gibraltar, and to be there at the same time as General Sikorski. Philby believed that Sikorski was dangerous for Stalin. He told the former chief of the Gestapo that Maisky's passenger list included two professional assassins.
As Muller recalls, the British, except for Philby's treasonable activities, had no direct connection with the murder of Sikorski.

According to Philby, Churchill had been tipped off that this would happen, but he was so frightened about the possible rupture with Stalin over the death of Polish officers that he said nothing by way of warning.
... On March 31, 1941, in a conversation with the Czechoslovakian legate to the Soviet Union, Zdenek Fierlinger, Maisky stated that he can guarantee that General Sikorski will never enter Warsaw again..." - by Jozef Kazimierz Kubit with translation by Kasia Miszta.

Copyright by telegraph.co.uk:
Stalin's accusers claim that Gen Sikorski's plane was left unguarded on the runway at Gibraltar, and could easily have been sabotaged. They also point out that on the day of the crash, July 4, 1943, a plane carrying the Soviet ambassador Ivan Maisky and a small retinue of Soviet troops parked next to the doomed Polish leader's aircraft. Allegations of a plot by the Soviet Union, determined not to let Polish nationalism get in the way of communist expansion after the war, have been further fuelled by the presence on Gibraltar of Kim Philby - he was in charge of British intelligence operations in the territory from 1941 to 1944. ...
Claims that a Polish government office in London received a telephone warning of Sikorski's death in Gibraltar weeks before it happened, the fact that the British spy Kim Philby had been in Gibraltar, and the lack of bodies have all fuelled conspiracy theories.

Kim Philby prior to that functioned as instructor specializing in sabotage behind enemy lines [an instructor with the Special Operations Executive in 1940]; then he was the head of the British Secret Intelligence Service's counterintelligence for the Iberian Peninsula from 1941 to 1944.